Changing Values and Identities in the Post-Communist World (Societies and Political Orders in Transition)

Annotation This book offers a comparative analysis of value and identity changes in several post-Soviet countries. In light of the tremendous economic, social and political changes in former communist states, the authors compare the values, attitudes and identities of different generations and cultural groups. Based on extensive empirical data, using quantitative and qualitative methods to study complex social identities, this book examines how intergenerational value and identity changes are linked to socio-economic and political development. Topics include the rise of nationalist sentiments, identity formation of ethnic and religious groups and minorities, youth identity formation and intergenerational value conflicts Acknowledgments......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 Introduction......Page 11 Since 1917-2017: What Has Happened?......Page 13 How Psychological Changes Are Linked to Sociopolitical Changes......Page 16 Value Change in Post-Communist World......Page 17 Identity Changes in Post-Communist World......Page 22 Outline of the Book......Page 25 References......Page 31 Part I: Value Changes Across Countries and Generations......Page 35 Democratic Values in the Post-Communist Region: The Incidence of Traditionalists, Skeptics, Democrats, and Radicals......Page 36 Democratic Mentality......Page 37 Data......Page 39 Variables......Page 40 Procedure......Page 41 Democratic Value Orientations in Europe: ``Political Mentalities ́ ́......Page 42 Prevalence of the Democratic Value Orientations (Political Mentalities) in the Post-Communist Regions......Page 45 Dimensions of Democratic Values and Respective Regions......Page 47 (Non)democratic Mentalities and Age......Page 51 (Non)democratic Mentalities and Education......Page 52 Discussion......Page 54 References......Page 58 Emancipative Values in a Post-Communist Society: The Case of Serbia......Page 61 Culturalist Model......Page 62 Institutionalist Model......Page 63 Serbian Context and This Chapter......Page 64 Data and Measures......Page 66 Results......Page 68 Discussion......Page 70 References......Page 72 Changes in Value Structure Among Estonian Majority and Russian-Speaking Minority in Post-Socialist Estonia......Page 75 Background......Page 76 Changes in the Estonian Value Structure in the Post-Socialist Period......Page 77 Age and Cohort Group Differences in Value Priorities......Page 79 Respondents......Page 80 Measurement of Values......Page 81 Estonian-Speaking Majority and Russian-Speaking Minority......Page 83 Age and Cohort Groups......Page 84 Value Change Within Cohort Groups......Page 86 References......Page 88 Intergenerational Value Differences......Page 92 Intergenerational Value Differences of the Ethnic Majority and Minority......Page 93 The Sociocultural Contexts of Latvia and Azerbaijan......Page 95 Measures......Page 97 Results......Page 98 Discussion and Conclusion......Page 101 References......Page 103 Russian Muslims: A General Overview......Page 106 Value Orientations......Page 107 Social Identity......Page 108 The Current Study......Page 110 Sample......Page 111 Results......Page 112 Discussion......Page 117 Conclusions......Page 119 References......Page 120 Intergenerational Transmission of Values in Urban and Rural Areas of Russia: The Role of Perceived Psychological Closeness......Page 123 The Essence of Value Transmission Between Generations......Page 124 The Impact of the Place of Living and Family on the Transmission of Values......Page 125 Participants......Page 127 Materials and Procedure......Page 128 Results......Page 129 Discussion......Page 132 References......Page 134 Parenting Values and Practices Across Post-Communist Societies in Youth Identity Formation: A Literature Review......Page 137 Theoretical Framework for Parental Socialization Values and Practices......Page 138 Theoretical Frameworks for Youth Identity Formation......Page 139 Literature Search......Page 141 Analysis and Presentation Stage......Page 142 Descriptive Overview of the Studies......Page 147 Countries Descriptions......Page 148 Parenting Values and Parenting Practices......Page 151 Identity Formation and Youth Transition......Page 152 Parenting Dimensions and Identity Formation......Page 153 Limitations......Page 154 Conclusions......Page 155 References......Page 157 Values of Ethnic Russian Minority Members in North Caucasus Republics of the Russian Federation: An Inter- and Intrageneration.........Page 162 Value Transmission Among Members of Ethnic Minorities......Page 163 Ethnic Russians in the North Caucasus......Page 164 Procedure......Page 166 Intergenerational Similarities and Differences......Page 167 Intragenerational Similarities and Differences......Page 170 Discussion and Conclusions......Page 172 References......Page 174 Religion and Religious Identity in Modern Russia......Page 179 Values and Religiosity......Page 180 Religiosity and Religious Identity......Page 181 Current Study......Page 182 Measures......Page 183 Results......Page 185 Discussion......Page 188 Conclusion......Page 190 References......Page 191 Value Similarity with Mothers and Peers and Family Climate as Predictors of Well-Being of Russian Youth in Latvia......Page 194 Value Transmission in the Family......Page 195 Value Similarity and Subjective Well-Being......Page 197 Russians in Latvia......Page 198 Measures......Page 200 Results......Page 201 Discussion and Conclusion......Page 204 Limitations and Future Directions......Page 205 References......Page 206 Historical Societal Rupture and the Subjective Change in Post-Communist Romania......Page 209 Attitudes, Values and Societal Change......Page 210 A Brief Description of the Methodological Design......Page 215 Results of the Intergenerational Analysis......Page 216 Confirming the Hypothesis of Continuity......Page 217 References......Page 221 Part II: Social Identities Changes in Comparative Perspective......Page 225 Multiple Social Identities in Relation to Self-Esteem of Adolescents in Post-communist Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, .........Page 226 Multiple Social Identities in Adolescence......Page 227 Self-Esteem in Adolescence......Page 228 Study Context: Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Kosovo, and Romania......Page 229 The Current Chapter......Page 231 Measures......Page 232 Results......Page 234 Discussion......Page 236 Caveats and Conclusions......Page 237 References......Page 238 Probing the Relationship Between Group Identities of Russians and Ossetians in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania: Intergene.........Page 243 Relationships of Identities......Page 244 Sociocultural Context of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania......Page 246 Measures......Page 248 Results......Page 249 Discussion and Conclusion......Page 252 References......Page 255 Ethnic Identity and Cultural Value Orientations of Moldavian Youth in Transitional Society......Page 259 Theoretical Framework......Page 260 Sample......Page 265 Measures......Page 266 Results......Page 269 Discussion......Page 274 Conclusion......Page 276 References......Page 277 The Influence of Identity Styles on Adolescents ́ Psychological Problems in Postcommunist Albania......Page 280 Identity Development During Adolescence......Page 281 Identity Development of Adolescents in Postcommunist Albania......Page 283 The Current Study......Page 284 Statistical Analysis......Page 285 Descriptive Statistics, Sex Differences, and Correlations......Page 286 Relations Between Identity Styles and Adolescent ́s Clinical Core Symptoms......Page 288 Discussion and Conclusions......Page 289 References......Page 291 The Kaleidoscope of Language, Ethnicity, and Identity in Uzbekistan......Page 294 Multiple Identities......Page 295 Interethnic Relationships as the Outcomes of Social Identities......Page 297 Measures......Page 299 Relationships Between Identities and Ethnic Relationships......Page 302 Comparison of Mean Scores......Page 304 Discussion......Page 305 References......Page 307 The Role of Social Disidentification in Acculturation Preferences of Ethnic Majority and Minority Members in Kabardino-Balkar .........Page 311 Social Identities of Ethnic Minority and Majority Group Members in Kabardino-Balkar Republic......Page 312 Social Identity, Disidentification, and Processes of Mutual Acculturation......Page 314 Measures......Page 316 Results......Page 318 Discussion......Page 325 References......Page 327 The Great Escape: Linking Youth Identity Development to Growing Up in Post-Communist Romania......Page 330 The Way We Are Now: Identity Development in Romanian Youth......Page 331 The Roots of a New Personal Identity: Collectivistic Parents Versus Individualistic Children......Page 334 What Next for the Educational Identity of Romanian Youth?......Page 337 What Next for the Vocational Identity of Romanian Youth?......Page 339 References......Page 341 Introduction......Page 345 Theoretical Background......Page 346 Method......Page 347 Roma During State Socialism and Regime Change......Page 348 Fieldwork Observations I: Roma After Regime Change (Nostalgia for the Past)......Page 350 Rising Xenophobia and Anti-Gypsyism in the Context of Economic Crisis and Nationalism: Nationalism and Xenophobia in Hungary......Page 352 Fieldwork Observations II: Case Study of Social Discrimination (Discriminating Roma Under Economic Pressure)......Page 353 Roma Coping Mechanisms and Negotiating Identity......Page 354 Conclusion and Way Forward......Page 356 References......Page 357 Cultural Identification Among Immigrants from the Former USSR: Insights from Comparative Research with Five Groups in Germany .........Page 361 Study Outline......Page 363 Cultural Identification Across Groups......Page 364 Predicting Cultural Identification......Page 366 Engagement with Majority and Minority Culture......Page 370 Summary and Conclusion......Page 371 References......Page 375 Value Changes in Adolescents ́ Anticipation of Possible Career Selves in Slovenia and Serbia......Page 378 Social Context and Identity Development......Page 379 Societal Context in Slovenia......Page 380 Societal Context in Serbia......Page 382 The Study on Adolescents ́ Visions of Their Future in Slovenia and Serbia......Page 383 Participants......Page 384 The Future Career Goals......Page 385 Factors of Achieving a Profession......Page 390 Discussion......Page 391 References......Page 394 Identity and Work Ethic of Peasants in the Context of the Post-Soviet Socio-economic Transformation......Page 399 Theoretical Frameworks......Page 401 Participants......Page 403 Materials and Procedure......Page 404 Shame and Envy in the Transforming Labour Attitudes and Work Ethic of Peasants......Page 405 Shame and Envy in a Transforming Identity......Page 407 Discussion......Page 408 Conclusion......Page 410 References......Page 411 Value Changes......Page 414 Identity Changes......Page 418 References......Page 423