Changing Structure Of Mexico: Political, Social, And Economic Prospects (Columbia University Seminar Series)

Contents......Page 5 Boxes, Figures, Maps, and Tables......Page 9 Acronyms......Page 13 Contributors......Page 15 I Introduction and Overview......Page 19 Modernization in an International Context......Page 21 Domestic Economic Policy in an International Context......Page 22 Migration......Page 27 Transformation of Political Institutions and Policies......Page 28 Mexico: One Nation or Three?......Page 33 The Justice System and Human Rights......Page 35 Notes......Page 36 2 Ideologies and Values......Page 37 Constructing and Deconstructing Ideologies and the Value System......Page 39 Tracking the Acceleration of Value Change in the Last Twenty Years......Page 41 Distribution of Values by Age, Party, Education, Region, and Town Size......Page 43 Final Remarks......Page 48 References......Page 49 3 Problems of Political Consolidation in Mexico......Page 50 The Mexican State at the End of the Twentieth Century: From One Weakness to Another, 1982–2000......Page 52 Conclusion......Page 62 References......Page 63 II Current Policy Issues......Page 65 4 Mexican Foreign Policy......Page 67 The Foundations of Mexican Foreign Policy......Page 68 Foreign Policy Activism......Page 69 Transitioning to a New Foreign Policy......Page 71 Mexico’s New Foreign Policy......Page 73 Conclusion......Page 74 References......Page 75 5 Mexico’s Foreign Economic Policy......Page 76 The Current Policy Configuration......Page 77 Looking Ahead......Page 81 References......Page 83 6 The Mexican Economy......Page 85 The Evolution of the Mexican Economy: An Overview......Page 86 Results of an Economic Transformation......Page 99 Future Challenges......Page 104 References......Page 107 Introduction: The National Context......Page 109 The Regional Context......Page 110 Growth Theories......Page 117 Public Investment......Page 118 Concluding Remarks: The Absence of a Comprehensive Regional Policy......Page 130 Notes......Page 133 References......Page 134 8 NAFTA-Driven Changes in the Regional Pattern of Economic Growth in Mexico......Page 137 A Brief Analytical Framework......Page 138 The Regional Pattern of Economic Growth Under NAFTA......Page 140 The Linkage Between Foreign Direct Investment and Export Growth......Page 143 The Factors Behind Regional Manufacturing Change in the NAFTA Era......Page 150 Conclusion......Page 153 Notes......Page 154 References......Page 156 9 Changes in Determinants of Tax Policy......Page 158 An Explanation of Mexican Tax Administration......Page 164 Changes After the Defeat of the PRI......Page 169 Notes......Page 174 References......Page 175 10 Changing Constraints of Monetary Policy......Page 177 Deregulation and Capital Flows......Page 180 Financial Reform and NAFTA......Page 185 Banking Crisis and Monetary Policy......Page 187 Foreign Banks and Financing......Page 190 Summary and Conclusion......Page 191 References......Page 192 11 Mexico’s Public Sector Debt and Debt Management......Page 194 Mexico at the Forefront of Debt Problems......Page 196 Debt No Longer a Forefront Concern......Page 198 Withering Foreign Debt......Page 199 Has the Debt Problem Really Withered Away?......Page 200 A More Comprehensive Debt Concept......Page 201 Remaining Vulnerabilities......Page 204 Debt Benchmarks......Page 206 Concluding Remarks......Page 207 References......Page 213 12 Changing Patterns in Mexican Science and Technology Policy (1990–2003)......Page 215 The Transition of Science and Technology Policy: Concepts and Budget......Page 218 Institutional Reengineering: The “National System of S&T”......Page 221 Illustrating the Transition in Two Representative Institutions......Page 222 Conclusion: The Challenge Remains the Same......Page 225 References......Page 227 III Changes in Sectors......Page 229 13 The Reshaping of Agricultural Policy in Mexico......Page 231 The Structure of Mexico’s Rural Economy and Major Reforms......Page 232 Evolution of the Rural Sector: 1980–2002/3......Page 243 The Political Economy of Agricultural Reforms......Page 249 Notes......Page 250 References......Page 251 14 Mexican Oil, Gas, Electricity Generation, and Energy Consumption......Page 254 The Mexican Energy System......Page 255 Projected Future Energy Demand......Page 267 Institutional (Legal) Changes to Increase Investment......Page 275 The Changing Legal Framework: An Update......Page 277 Conclusion......Page 279 Notes......Page 280 Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 281 Units of Measure......Page 282 References......Page 283 15 Industrial Development and Technology Policy......Page 285 How Many Maquiladoras Are There, Where Are They, and What Do They Do?......Page 286 Maquiladoras as a Strategic Element of Mexican Industrial Policy (1989–2001)......Page 290 Technology and Industrial Learning......Page 291 The Impact of NAFTA......Page 292 Prospects......Page 293 Notes......Page 294 References......Page 295 16 Principally Women......Page 296 Engendering Leadership in Schools......Page 301 Engendering Teaching......Page 308 Notes......Page 310 References......Page 311 IV Resources and the Environment......Page 313 17 The Environment......Page 315 Institutional Capacity......Page 316 On How an Already Obsolete Paradigm Could Complicate Compliance With a Necessary Public Policy: The Case of Water......Page 326 Other Undesirable Impacts of Development: Soil Pollution......Page 332 Urban Expansion, Transportation, and Air Pollution......Page 339 A Complex Appropriate Task Network to Control Air Emissions......Page 342 References......Page 344 Web sites:......Page 347 18 Beyond Islands?......Page 348 Sustainable Agriculture......Page 350 Community Forest Management......Page 353 Ecotourism......Page 354 References......Page 356 19 Flowing Uphill Toward Money......Page 359 Free Trade and Water Reforms......Page 361 Ejidal Producers, Water Management, and Free Trade: Cases From Northern Irrigation Districts......Page 365 Implications and Conclusion......Page 372 Notes......Page 373 References......Page 374 V Legal, Political, and Social Change......Page 377 20 The Justice System......Page 379 The Mexican Justice System and Its Difficult Transformation......Page 380 The Mexican Judiciaries......Page 382 Judicial Reform......Page 393 The Mexican Military......Page 394 Mexico’s Human Rights: Justice’s Never-Ending Story......Page 396 Notes......Page 398 References......Page 401 21 Institutionalizing Mexico’s New Democracy......Page 402 The Bases of Mexican Authoritarianism......Page 404 The Record of Political Reform......Page 407 Developments in the Political Parties......Page 410 Divided Government......Page 415 Creeping Federalism......Page 418 The New Federalism......Page 420 Conclusion......Page 421 References......Page 422 22 The Political Participation of Women in Contemporary Mexico, 1980–2000......Page 424 The Condition of Mexican Women and Their Political Participation......Page 425 The Background of Increased Women’s Participation in Politics......Page 427 The Development of the Women’s Movement......Page 429 Is Mobilization to Obtain Representation in Formal Politics Enough?......Page 435 References......Page 440 23 Religion, Church, and State in Contemporary Mexico......Page 442 Historical Background......Page 444 The Religious Panorama in the Year 2000......Page 448 The Churches and the Secular State in the Current Political Transition......Page 450 The “New Relation”: What Is Desirable and What Is Feasible......Page 452 Religion and the Secular State in Twenty-first–Century Mexico......Page 453 References......Page 454 24 Mexican Labor in a Context of Political, Social, and Economic Change, 1982–2002......Page 456 The Macroeconomic Scenario: 1982–2002......Page 457 Impacts of Economic and Labor Market Changes on the Labor Relations System......Page 460 Corporatism in the Late 1990s: Continuity or Breakup?......Page 464 Challenges to the Labor Movement on the Shop Floor......Page 465 Conclusion......Page 469 References......Page 470 25 Mexico-U.S. Migration Economic Effects and Policy Impact......Page 472 Overview of Mexico–U.S. Migration......Page 474 The U.S. Policy Response to Rising Illegal Immigration from Mexico......Page 475 What Drives Mexico–U.S. Migration......Page 476 Economic Effects of Migration on Mexico and the United States......Page 477 Implications for Immigration Policy......Page 479 References......Page 481 26 Understanding Mexican Philanthropy......Page 482 Business Foundations......Page 483 Community Foundations......Page 484 Regulation and Philanthropy......Page 485 Law of Promotion for Nonprofit Organizations......Page 486 The Media and Philanthropy......Page 487 Professionalization......Page 488 Networks......Page 489 Government and Philanthropy......Page 490 Notes......Page 491 References......Page 492 27 The Health of Women in Mexico......Page 493 Mexican Women’s Health in the Global Context......Page 494 Conclusion......Page 503 References......Page 504 28 Nongovernmental Organizations and the Changing Structure of Mexican Politics......Page 507 Recent Development of NGOs in Mexico......Page 509 Environmentalist NGOs and Networks......Page 510 Human Rights NGOs......Page 513 Concluding Remarks......Page 516 Notes......Page 517 References......Page 518 29 Change and Continuity in Attention to Poverty in Mexico......Page 519 The National Revolutionary Model (1940–1982)......Page 521 The Change in the Development Model, 1983–2004......Page 524 Decentralization and Democracy, 1995–......Page 528 Conclusion......Page 534 References......Page 536 Index......Page 539 About the Editor......Page 567 Reinventing Mexico / Laura Randall. -- Ideologies And Values / Miguel Basáñez. -- Problem Of Political Consolidation In Mexico / Soledad Loaeza. -- Mexican Foreign Policy / Pamela K. Starr. -- Mexico's Foreign Economic Policy / Sidney Weintraub. -- The Mexican Economy: Transformation And Challenges / Alejandro M. Werner, Rodrigo Barros, And José F. Ursúa. -- Regional Difference And The Economic And Social Geography Of Mexico At The Beginning Of The Twenty-first Century / Boris Graizbord And Adrián Guillermo Aguilar. -- Nafta-driven Changes In The Regional Pattern Of Economic Growth In Mexico: Profile And Determinants / Rafael Tamayo-flores. -- Changes In Determinants Of Tax Policy / Carlos Elizondo Mayer-serra. -- Changing Constraints Of Monetary Policy: Distortions And Resolution In Mexico's Financial System / Eugenia Correa. -- Mexico's Public Sector Debt And Debt Management / Graciana Del Castillo. -- Changing Patterns In Mexican Science And Technology Policy (1990-2003): Still Far From Economic Development / Jordy Micheli Thirión And Rubén Oliver Espinoza. -- The Reshaping Of Agricultural Policy In Mexico / Antonio Yúnez-naude And Fernando Barceinas Paredes. -- Mexican Oil, Gas, Electricity Generation, And Energy Consumption / Juan Quintanilla Martínez And Mariano Bauer E. -- Industrial Development And Technology Policy: The Case Of The Maquiladoras / Oscar F. Contreras. -- Principally Women: Gender In The Politics Of Mexican Education / Fernando Reimers. -- The Environment: Or How Social Issues Affect The Commitment Of Environmental Tasks / Javier Delgado... [et Al]. -- Beyond Islands? Sustainable Rural Development In Mexico / David Barton Bray, Skya Rose Murphy, And Melissa Cornejo. -- Flowing Uphill Toward Money: Groundwater Management And Ejidal Producers In Mexico's Free Trade Environment / Margaret Wilder And Scott Whiteford. -- The Justice System: Judiciary. Military, And Human Rights / Hugo Alejandro Concha Cantú. -- Institutionalizing Mexico's New Democracy / Joseph L. Klesner. -- The Political Participation Of Women In Contemporary Mexico / María Luisa Tarrés. -- Religion, Church, And State In Contemporary Mexico / Roberto Blancarte. -- Mexican Labor In A Context Of Political, Social, And Economic Change, 1982-2002 / Francisco Zapata. -- Mexico-u.s. Migration: Economic Effects And Policy Impact / Pia M. Orrenius. -- Understanding Mexican Philanthropy / Consuelo Castro. -- The Health Of Women In Mexico: Opportunities And Challenges / Ana Langer And Jennifer Catino. -- Nongovernmental Organizations And The Changing Structure Of Mexican Politics: The Cases Of Environmental And Human Rights Policy / Fernanda Somuano. -- Change And Continuity In Attention To Poverty In Mexico / Sara Gordon Rapoport. Laura Randall, Editor. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Mexico is reinventing itself. It is moving toward a more tolerant, global, market oriented, and democratic society. This new edition of "Changing Structure of Mexico" is a comprehensive and up-to-date presentation of Mexico's political, social, and economic issues. All chapters have been rewritten by noted Mexican scholars and practitioners to provide a lucid and informative introductory reader on Mexico. The book covers such topics as Mexico's foreign economic policy and NAFTA; maquiladoras; technology policy; and Asian competition; as well as domestic economics such as banking, tax reform, and oil/energy policy; the environment; population and migration policy; the changing structure of political parties; and values and changes affecting women.