Cerebral Circulation and Metabolism : Sixth International CBF Symposium, June 6 - 9, 1973

This volume contains the papers presented at cluded are the concluding remarks made by the the Sixth International Symposium on Cerebral chairman of each session. The last session con­ Blood Flow held in Philadelphia on June 6-9, tains discussions of several topics which were felt to be of sufficient importance and interest to 1973. Since the first meeting on cerebral blood flow, held in Lund in 1964, the number of par­ warrant extended consideration. These con­ ticipants in these symposia has steadily increased cerned the questions of neurogenic control of until at this meeting it was necessary to conduct the cerebral circulation, the role of failure of simultaneous sessions. The interest and effort reperfusion in cerebral ischemia, and a discus­ sion of invasive and noninvasive methods of directed toward problems concerned with cere­ bral circulation and metabolism, as well as the CBF determination. Owing to the large number increasing sophistication applied to these prob­ of papers included in this book and the interests lems, are amply demonstrated in this book. of rapid publication, it was not possible to in­ A wide variety of topics was discussed at the clude the discussions of each paper. The orga­ symposium with major emphasis on the basic nizers regret the necessity of this decision but aspects of the control of cerebral circulation and wish to thank the many participants who con­ metabolism. Front Matter....Pages i-xxviii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Lower and Upper Limits for Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 3-6 Acute Arterial Hypertension and the Blood-Brain Barrier: An Experimental Study in Dogs....Pages 7-9 Effects of Local Increases of Venous Pressure on Canine Cerebral Hemodynamics....Pages 10-13 The Effect of Lowered Cardiac Output on Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 14-17 Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow During Controlled Hypotension....Pages 18-20 Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation, Cerebrospinal Fluid Acid-Base Parameters, and Profound Hypotension Induced by Sodium Nitroprusside and Deep Halothane Anesthesia....Pages 21-23 Correlation of Regional Cerebral Blood Volume with PaCO 2 and Arterial Blood Pressure....Pages 24-26 Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism with Regard to Autoregulation in Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Experiments....Pages 27-29 Back Matter....Pages 30-31 Front Matter....Pages 33-33 The Effect of Metabolic Alkalosis on Cerebral Blood Flow in Man....Pages 35-37 Circulation to the Brain of Rats During Acute and Prolonged Hypercapnia and Hypocapnia....Pages 38-40 Primate Pial Arterial Pressure Responses to Changes in Inspired CO 2 and Systemic Arterial Pressure....Pages 41-42 Dual Control of Cerebral Circulation: Separate Sites of Action in Vascular Tree in Autoregulation and Chemical Control....Pages 43-45 Interdependence of Capillary Flow and Regional Blood Flow of the Brain....Pages 46-48 Interactions of Ionic Mechanisms in the Regulation of the Resistance of Pial Vessels....Pages 49-51 The Effect of Local Changes in Bicarbonate and Potassium Concentration on Hypothalamic Blood Flow....Pages 52-54 Cerebral Hemodynamics: The Effect of Hypoxia on Autoregulation and CO 2 Reactivity....Pages 55-58 Back Matter....Pages 59-60 Front Matter....Pages 61-61 Acute Systemic Hypertension and Resultant Prolonged Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 63-65 Cerebral Edema Due to Cerebral Infarction in the Gerbil....Pages 66-67 Development and Resolution of Edema in Experimental Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction....Pages 68-70 Cerebral Blood Flow in the Baboon Following Carotid Ligation: Effects of Hypoxia and Hypotension....Pages 71-73 Back Matter....Pages 89-91 Front Matter....Pages 61-61 Atraumatic Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Monkeys....Pages 74-76 Alpha Methyl p Tyrosine and Experimental Stroke....Pages 77-78 Energy Metabolites, Water Content, and Catecholamine Changes in a Model of Cerebral Embolic Infarction....Pages 79-81 Regional Cerebral Metabolism in Experimental Brain Infarction....Pages 82-84 Segmental Reactivity of Cerebral Vessels and Brain Damage....Pages 85-88 Back Matter....Pages 89-91 Front Matter....Pages 93-93 False Autoregulation after Cold Injury to the Cerebral Cortex....Pages 95-98 rCBF and Regional Energy Metabolism in Cold-Injury Edema Following Moderate and Severe Hypocapnia or Hypercapnia....Pages 99-101 Quantitative Studies of Experimental Cerebral Edema....Pages 102-105 Focal Autoregulatory Disturbances in Middle Cerebral Artery Vasospasm....Pages 106-108 Regional Blood Flow in the Brain and in the Cervical Cord in Experimental Head Trauma....Pages 109-112 The Experimental Production of Charcot-Bouchard Miliary Arterial Microaneurysms in Hypertensive Rabbits....Pages 113-117 Cerebrovascular Response to Hypocapnia in Normal and Brain-Injured Dogs....Pages 118-119 Back Matter....Pages 120-121 Front Matter....Pages 123-123 Discrepancies in the Results of Flow Measurements Using Different Isotopes: 85 Kr, 133 Xe, and 14 C-Antipyrine....Pages 125-128 The Influence of Capillary Permeability Limitations on the Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 129-131 Brain Concentrations of 14 C-Nicotine and 14 C-Antipyrine after Intravenous Injection....Pages 132-134 Variation in Gamma Index (Dimensionless Dispersion) of Hydrogen Gas in a Single Human Brain....Pages 135-137 Determination of Diffusion Shunt in Brain and Its Influence on Blood Flow Measurements. A Diffusion Shunt Model....Pages 138-140 Heterogeneity of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Regional Distribution of Relative Weights of Gray and White Matter in Normal Subjects....Pages 141-144 The Effect of Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow on Compartmental Weight....Pages 145-147 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow. Evaluation of the Microsphere Technique....Pages 148-151 Back Matter....Pages 158-159 Front Matter....Pages 123-123 Pulsatile Blood Flow Pattern in Cerebral Circulation....Pages 152-154 Heterogeneity of Tritiated Water Uptake by the Brain....Pages 155-157 Back Matter....Pages 158-159 Front Matter....Pages 161-161 Irreversible Brain Damage Produced by Hypoxia....Pages 163-165 Disturbances of Cerebral Microcirculation after Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 166-169 Postischemic Recovery of Nucleotide Metabolism in the Cat Brain....Pages 170-172 Cerebral Blood Flow, Brain Water, and Electrolytes during Recovery from One Hour’s Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 173-176 Anoxia and Critical Oxygen Tension in Brain Tissue....Pages 177-179 The Effect of Ischemia on the Pyridine Nucleotide Redox State of the Cerebral Cortex of Cats....Pages 180-183 Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism at Different Levels of Decreased Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Induced by Raised Intracranial Pressure and Normovolemic Arterial Hypotension....Pages 184-187 The Significance of Cerebral Cortical Hypoxia in Experimental Shock Induced by Endotoxin....Pages 188-191 Back Matter....Pages 192-193 Front Matter....Pages 195-195 Intracranial Pressure, Brain Blood Flow Regulation, and Glucose and Oxygen Metabolism after 15 Minutes of Circulatory Arrest in Dogs....Pages 197-199 Cerebral Metabolic State during Postischemic “Recovery”....Pages 200-202 An Intrinsic Metabolic Mechanism to Protect the Brain during Progressive Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 203-206 Endothelial Ischemia. Scanning (SEM) and Transmission (TEM) Electron Microscope Studies in Rabbit....Pages 207-209 A Technique for the Assessment of Cerebral Circulation for Diagnosis of Cerebral Death....Pages 210-213 Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in High-Altitude Residents....Pages 214-215 Factors Improving Postischemic Cerebrovascular Obstruction....Pages 216-219 Back Matter....Pages 220-220 Front Matter....Pages 221-221 The Effects of the Hydrocephalic Process on Cerebral Blood Flow in the Cat....Pages 223-227 Comparative Effects of Increased Intracranial Pressure upon Cerebral Oxygenation, Cortical Evoked Potential, and Brain Survival....Pages 228-231 The Relationship between Cortical Electrical Activity, Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, and Cerebral Blood Flow during Increased Intracranial Pressure....Pages 232-234 Back Matter....Pages 251-253 Front Matter....Pages 221-221 Differential Pressures Recorded in Acute Epidural Expanding Lesions. Correlation with Local Cerebral Blood Flow by Hydrogen Clearance in Baboons....Pages 235-237 Intracranial Pressure Gradients and Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 238-240 Intracranial Pressure, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Prognosis in Patients with Severe Head Injuries....Pages 241-244 Disturbed Regulation of CBF after Acute Brain Injury with Particular Reference to the Effects on MIVP and CPP....Pages 245-248 Cerebrovascular Response Pattern during CO 2 Rebreathing....Pages 249-250 Back Matter....Pages 251-253 Front Matter....Pages 255-255 Cerebral Autoregulation. Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Cardiohemodynamic Measurements....Pages 257-261 Regional Flow in Scintigraphically Positive Vascular Brain Lesions....Pages 262-265 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and CSF Pressure Responses to Stimuli in Cerebral Infarction....Pages 266-268 Studies of rCBF on Neuropsychological Disorders Caused by Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents in the Major Hemisphere....Pages 269-271 Relationship between Different Levels of CBF and Reactivity to Physiological Stimuli (CO 2 and MABP)....Pages 272-275 Preoperative and Postoperative Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenoses....Pages 276-282 Monitoring of CBF in the Operating Room during Carotid Ligation....Pages 283-284 Microvascular Surgery of the Brain and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 285-288 rCBF Study As a Test in the Management of Arterial Hypertension....Pages 289-291 Correlation of Continuous Electroencephalograms with Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements during Carotid Endarterectomy....Pages 292-294 Back Matter....Pages 295-296 Front Matter....Pages 296-296 Abnormal Cerebral Vasomotor Function in Migraine....Pages 299-301 Abnormalities of rCBF in Chronic Schizophrenia with Mental Deterioration....Pages 302-305 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Acid-Base Findings in Patients with Acute Pyogenic Meningitis and with Acute Encephalitis....Pages 306-309 Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Acidotic Renal Insufficiency....Pages 310-313 The Relationship between Focal Lesions and rCBF Calculated by Bi-Compartmental Analysis and Initial Slope Index in Patients with Acute Brain Injuries....Pages 314-317 Back Matter....Pages 328-329 Front Matter....Pages 296-296 rCBF and Cerebral Vasomotor Response in Brain Tumors following Dexamethasone Treatment....Pages 318-320 Clinical Usefulness of Regional Cerebral Circulation Studies with Sodium Pertechnetate....Pages 321-324 Changes in CBF and CSF in Brain Injuries....Pages 325-327 Back Matter....Pages 328-329 Front Matter....Pages 331-331 Inhibition and Reversal of Prostaglandin-Induced Cerebral Vasospasm....Pages 333-335 Effect of Cyclic AMP on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Normal Baboons....Pages 336-338 Effects of Diphenylhydantoin on Local Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 339-342 Clinical Experience in the Management of Cerebral Vasospasm Using Intravenous Isoproterenol and Lidocaine Hydrochloride....Pages 343-346 Barbiturate Protection Against Cerebral Infarction....Pages 347-348 Halothane-Associated Preservation of Aerobic Cerebral Processes during Profound Arterial Hypotension....Pages 349-352 Mechanism for Cerebral Vasodilation by Halothane....Pages 353-354 Back Matter....Pages 355-357 Front Matter....Pages 359-359 rCBF in Focal Cortical Epilepsy....Pages 361-364 The Mechanism of Cerebral Hyperemia in Electrically Induced Epileptic Seizures in Man....Pages 365-367 Cerebral Metabolism and Cerebral Blood Flow during a Single Seizure in the Cat....Pages 368-370 Quantitative Determination of Cortical Microflow and EEG in Graded Hypercapnia....Pages 371-374 The Time Course of the Cerebral Circulatory Response to Metabolic Depression....Pages 375-377 Effect of Mechanical rCBF Reduction on EEG in Man....Pages 378-379 Association of Blood Flow and Acid-Base Change in Brain during Afferent Stimulation....Pages 380-382 The Relationship between CBF and EEG during Visual Stimulation in the Rabbit....Pages 383-385 Back Matter....Pages 386-386 Front Matter....Pages 387-387 Atraumatic Cerebral Blood Flow Estimation in Man....Pages 389-390 Intravenous Isotope Injection Method of Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement: Accuracy and Reproducibility....Pages 391-393 Back Matter....Pages 421-422 Front Matter....Pages 387-387 A Comparison of Three Isotope Inhalation Techniques for Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement and the Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference Method....Pages 394-397 The 133 Xe Inhalation Method: Assessment of rCBF in Carotid Endarterectomy....Pages 398-401 Variability of Repeated Clinical Measurements of CBF Using the 133 Xe Intracarotid Injection Technique....Pages 402-405 Pitfalls in the Interpretation of Xenon CBF Studies in Head-Injured Patients....Pages 406-408 Interpretation of Differences between “81-keV” and “31-keV” Decay Curves Recorded during Clearance of 133 Xe in Cerebral Tissue of the Pig....Pages 409-412 A Method and Instrumentation for Quantitating Local Cerebral Blood Flow in 144 Subdivisions of Human Brain, Using 133 Xe and a Germanium Detector Array....Pages 413-414 A 254-Detector System for Measuring Regional Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 415-417 Circadian Rhythm in Cerebral Blood Volume of Mouse....Pages 418-420 Back Matter....Pages 421-422 Front Matter....Pages 423-423 The Effect of Alpha-Adrenergic Blockade on Cerebral Blood Flow during Hypocapnia....Pages 425-427 Sympathetic Innervation and Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity....Pages 428-430 Evidence for Neurogenic Influences on Cerebral Blood Flow in Man Obtained with the Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference Method....Pages 431-435 Sympathetic Control of Cerebral Blood Flow in the Unanesthetized Goat....Pages 436-439 Effects of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine on the Cerebral Blood Flow in the Dog....Pages 440-442 Evidence for the Adrenergic Control of Cerebrovascular Tone....Pages 443-446 Back Matter....Pages 447-448 Front Matter....Pages 449-449 Effect of Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral and Cephalic Blood Flow....Pages 451-453 Regional Differences in β -Adrenergic Effects on Local Cerebral Blood Flow and Adrenergic Innervation....Pages 454-458 Regional Brain Blood Flow during Sympathetic Stimulation....Pages 459-461 Autonomic Control of Cerebral Blood Flow and Autoregulation....Pages 462-465 Cholinergic and Adrenergic Innervation of Cerebral Vessels....Pages 466-469 The Functional Significance of β -Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors at Pial Arteries: A Microapplication Study....Pages 470-472 Back Matter....Pages 479-479 Front Matter....Pages 449-449 Cholinergic Innervation and Vasomotor Response of Brain Vessels....Pages 473-475 The Innervation of Cerebral Arterioles in the Cat....Pages 476-478 Back Matter....Pages 479-479 Front Matter....Pages 481-481 Effect of α - and β -Adrenergic Blocking Agents on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and CO 2 Responsiveness in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease....Pages 483-486 The Upper Limit of Autoregulation and the Sympathetic System....Pages 487-488 Autoregulation of Cerebral Circulation in Orthostatic Hypotension....Pages 489-491 Evidence for Autoregulation in the Human Retinal Circulation....Pages 492-493 Preliminary Analysis of the Neurogenic Vasoconstriction of Basilar Artery....Pages 494-496 Mechanisms of Autoregulation of CBF....Pages 497-499 Reversal of Response of Guinea Pig Arterioles to Isoproterenol during Hypoxia....Pages 500-502 Back Matter....Pages 503-503 Front Matter....Pages 505-505 The Effect of γ -Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) on Brain ATP Synthesis during Ischemia....Pages 507-510 Comparative Effects of Various Metabolic Inhibitors on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Electrical Activity, and Cationic Transport....Pages 511-513 Potassium Effects on Energy Metabolism and Epileptiform Activity in the Cat Hippocampus....Pages 514-517 Prognostic Value of Carbohydrate Metabolites in CSF. “The Luxury Glucose Supply” of the Brain....Pages 518-519 In Vivo Measurement of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Employing 11 C-Labeled Glucose....Pages 520-521 A Method for Serial Study of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism....Pages 522-523 A Study of pO 2 in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Clinical Anesthesia....Pages 524-527 The Question of Uncoupling of Cerebral Oxidative Phosphorylation in Acute Cerebral Infarction....Pages 528-532 The Effect of Controlled Hyperventilation on the Energy and Acid-Base Status of the Rat Brain....Pages 533-536 Cerebral Autoregulation and Metabolism with Deep Hypothermia....Pages 537-539 Back Matter....Pages 540-541 Front Matter....Pages 543-543 Evidence for Neurogenic Control of Cerebral Circulation....Pages 545-547 Back Matter....Pages 560-560 Front Matter....Pages 543-543 Neurogenic Control of Cerebral Circulation....Pages 548-550 Incidence and Significance of Vascular Occlusion in Focal and Diffuse Ischemia....Pages 551-554 The No-Reflow Phenomenon....Pages 555-555 Invasive versus Noninvasive Techniques for Measurements of rCBF....Pages 556-559 Back Matter....Pages 560-560 Back Matter....Pages 561-566