Centromeres and Kinetochores: Discovering the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Chromosome Inheritance (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology (56))

This book presents the latest advances concerning the regulation of chromosome segregation during cell division by means of centromeres and kinetochores. The authors cover both state-of-the-art techniques and a range of species and model systems, shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the transmission of genetic material between cell divisions and from parent to offspring. The chapters cover five major areas related to the current study of centromeres and kinetochores: 1) their genetic and epigenetic features, 2) key breakthroughs at the molecular, proteomic, imaging and biochemical level, 3) the constitutive centromere proteins, 4) the role of centromere proteins in the physical process of chromosome segregation and its careful orchestration through elaborate regulation, and 5) intersections with reproductive biology, human health and disease, as well as chromosome evolution. The book offers an informative and provocative guide for newcomers as well as those already acquainted with the field. This Book Presents The Latest Advances Concerning The Regulation Of Chromosome Segregation During Cell Division By Means On Centromeres And Kinetochores. The Authors Cover Both State-of-the-art Techniques And A Range Of Species And Model Systems, Shedding New Light On The Molecular Mechanisms Controlling The Transmission Of Genetic Material Between Cell Divisions And From Parent To Offspring. The Chapters Cover Five Major Areas Related To The Current Study Of Centromeres And Kinetochores: 1) Their Genetic And Epigenetic Features, 2) Key Breakthroughs At The Molecular, Proteomic, Imaging, And Biochemical Level, 3) The Constitutive Centromere Proteins, 4) The Role Of Centromere Proteins In The Physical Process Of Chromosome Segregation And Its Careful Orchestration Through Elaborate Regulation, And 5) Intersections With Reproductive Biology, Human Health And Disease, As Well As Chromosomes Evolution. The Book Offers An Informative And Provacative Guide For Newcomers And Those Already Acquainted With The Field.--page 4 Of Cover. Part 1. Identification, Organization, And Regulation Of Centromere And Kinetochore Components. Use Of Mass Spectrometry To Study The Centromere And Kinetochore / Itaru Samejima, Melpomeni Platani And William C. Earnshaw -- Critical Foundation Of The Kinetochore : The Constitutive Centromere-associated Network (ccan) / Masatoshi Hara And Tatsuo Fukagawa -- The Power Of Xenopus Egg Extract For Reconstitution Of Centromere And Kinetochore Function / Bradley T. French And Aaron F. Straight -- Centrochromatin Of Fungi / Steven Friedman And Michael Freitag -- Evolutionary Lessons From Species With Unique Kinetochores / Ines A. Drinnenberg And Bungo Akiyoshi -- Quantitative Microscopy Reveals Centromeric Chromatin Stability, Size, And Cell Cycle Mechanisms To Maintain Centromere Homeostasis / Ana Stankovic And Lars E.t. Jansen --^ Part Ii. Epigenetic Contributions To Centromere Identity And Function. Orchestrating The Specific Assembly Of Centromeric Nucleosomes / Ewelina Zasadzińska And Daniel R. Folz -- Artificial Chromosomes And Strategies To Initiate Epigenetie Centromere Establishment / Evelyne J. Barrey And Patrick Heun -- Post-translational Modifications Of Centromeric Chromatin / Ana Garcia Del Arco And Sylvia Erhardt -- Centromere Silencing Mechanisms / Shannon M. Mcnulty And Beth A. Sullivan -- Centromere Transcription : Means And Motive / Zachary Duda, Sarah Trusiak And Rachel O'neill -- Part Iii. The Role Of Dna Sequence In Centromere Identity And Function. The Promises And Challenges Of Genomic Studies Of Human Centromeres / Karen H. Miga -- Dna Sequences In Centromere Formation And Function / M. Dumont And D. Fachinetti -- The Unique Dna Sequences Underlying Equine Centromeres / Elena Giulotto, Elena Raimondi And Kevin F. Sullivan --^ Part Iv. The Functions And Mechanisms Of Centromeres And Kinetochores In Healthy Meiotic And Mitotic Divisions And Their Role In Human Disease. Centromere Dynamics In Male And Female Germ Cells / Elaine M. Dunleavy And Caitríona M. Collins -- Cell Biology Of Cheating--transmission Of Centromeres And Other Selfish Elements Through Asymmetric Meiosis / Lukáš Chmátal, Richard M. Schultz, Ben E. Black And Michael A. Lampson -- Biophysics Of Microtubule End Coupling At The Kinetochore / Ekaterina L. Grishchuk -- Molecular Mechanisms Of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Activation And Silencing / Kevin D. Corbett -- A Kinase-phosphatase Network That Regulates Kinetochore-microtubule Attachments And The Sac / Giulia Vallardi, Marilia Henriques Cordeiro And Adrian Thomas Saurin -- Centromeric Cohesin : Molecular Glue And Much More / Mihailo Mirkovic And Raquel A. Oliveira -- Centromere Structure And Function / Kerry Bloom And Vincenzo Costanzo --^ The Role Of Centromere Defects In Cancer / Thian Thian Beh And Paul Kalitsis. Ben E. Black, Editor. Includes Bibliographical References. Front Matter ....Pages i-xi Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Use of Mass Spectrometry to Study the Centromere and Kinetochore (Itaru Samejima, Melpomeni Platani, William C. Earnshaw)....Pages 3-27 Critical Foundation of the Kinetochore: The Constitutive Centromere-Associated Network (CCAN) (Masatoshi Hara, Tatsuo Fukagawa)....Pages 29-57 The Power of Xenopus Egg Extract for Reconstitution of Centromere and Kinetochore Function (Bradley T French, Aaron F Straight)....Pages 59-84 Centrochromatin of Fungi (Steven Friedman, Michael Freitag)....Pages 85-109 Evolutionary Lessons from Species with Unique Kinetochores (Ines A. Drinnenberg, Bungo Akiyoshi)....Pages 111-138 Quantitative Microscopy Reveals Centromeric Chromatin Stability, Size, and Cell Cycle Mechanisms to Maintain Centromere Homeostasis (Ana Stankovic, Lars E. T. Jansen)....Pages 139-162 Front Matter ....Pages 163-163 Orchestrating the Specific Assembly of Centromeric Nucleosomes (Ewelina Zasadzińska, Daniel R. Foltz)....Pages 165-192 Artificial Chromosomes and Strategies to Initiate Epigenetic Centromere Establishment (Evelyne J. Barrey, Patrick Heun)....Pages 193-212 Post-translational Modifications of Centromeric Chromatin (Ana García del Arco, Sylvia Erhardt)....Pages 213-231 Centromere Silencing Mechanisms (Shannon M. McNulty, Beth A. Sullivan)....Pages 233-255 Centromere Transcription: Means and Motive (Zachary Duda, Sarah Trusiak, Rachel O’Neill)....Pages 257-281 Front Matter ....Pages 283-283 The Promises and Challenges of Genomic Studies of Human Centromeres (Karen H. Miga)....Pages 285-304 DNA Sequences in Centromere Formation and Function (M. Dumont, D. Fachinetti)....Pages 305-336 The Unique DNA Sequences Underlying Equine Centromeres (Elena Giulotto, Elena Raimondi, Kevin F. Sullivan)....Pages 337-354 Front Matter ....Pages 355-355 Centromere Dynamics in Male and Female Germ Cells (Elaine M. Dunleavy, Collins Caitríona M.)....Pages 357-375 Cell Biology of Cheating—Transmission of Centromeres and Other Selfish Elements Through Asymmetric Meiosis (Lukáš Chmátal, Richard M. Schultz, Ben E. Black, Michael A. Lampson)....Pages 377-396 Biophysics of Microtubule End Coupling at the Kinetochore (Ekaterina L. Grishchuk)....Pages 397-428 Molecular Mechanisms of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Activation and Silencing (Kevin D Corbett)....Pages 429-455 A Kinase-Phosphatase Network that Regulates Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments and the SAC (Giulia Vallardi, Marilia Henriques Cordeiro, Adrian Thomas Saurin)....Pages 457-484 Centromeric Cohesin: Molecular Glue and Much More (Mihailo Mirkovic, Raquel A. Oliveira)....Pages 485-513 Centromere Structure and Function (Kerry Bloom, Vincenzo Costanzo)....Pages 515-539 The Role of Centromere Defects in Cancer (Thian Thian Beh, Paul Kalitsis)....Pages 541-554