آثار مرکزی فلسفه؛ جلد ۱: باستانی و قرون وسطی؛ ویرایش شده توسط جان شند

Central Works of Philosophy is a major multi-volume collection of essays on the core texts of the Western philosophical tradition. From Plato's Republic to Quine's Word and Object, the five volumes range over 2,500 years of philosophical writing covering the best, most representative, and most influential work of some of our greatest philosophers, each of them primary texts studied at undergraduate level. Each essay has been specially commissioned and provides an overview of the work, clear and authoritative exposition of its central ideas, and an assessment of the work's importance then and now. Each essay equips the reader with the resources and confidence to go on to read the works themselves. Together these books provide an unrivaled companion for studying and reading philosophy, one that introduces the reader to the masterpieces of the western philosophical canon and some of the greatest minds that have ever lived talking about the profoundest most exciting problems there are. Volume 1 gives readers a deep understanding of the contribution that the Ancient Greek and medieval philosophers have made to contemporary philosophical debate. From Plato to William of Ockham, the philosophical texts covered in this volume offer a remarkable insight into a world out of which our present ways of thinking emerged and without which they cannot be fully understood. The volume begins with Plato's examination of justice and Aristotle's investigation of the good life. Lucretius is included as a remarkable attempt to fit man into the universe. Sextus Empiricus shows how we should respond to the possible limits of knowledge. Plotinus offers a remarkable vision of a world transcending the everyday. Augustine is the philosophical father of Christianity. Anselm offers a proof to a fool that God exists. Aquinas wrestles with the tension between what we may know naturally and what we know by revelation of God and the world. Duns Scotus meticulously explores detailed metaphysical problems of existence and identity, and Ockham develops a metaphysic through his brilliant logical theory. CENTRAL WORKS OF PHILOSOPHY is a multi-volume set of essays on the core texts of the western philosophical tradition. From Plato's Republic to the present day, the volumes range over 2,500 years of philosophical writing covering the best, most representative, and most influential work of some of our greatest philosophers. Each essay has been specially commissioned and provides an overview of the work and clear and authoritative exposition of its central ideas. Volume 1 examines ten of the most important works of philosophy to have been written in the ancient and medieval periods, beginning with some classic works of ancient Greek philosophy: the Republic, Plato's study of justice; Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle's investigation of the good life; and On the Nature of the Universe, Lucretius's poetic version of Epicureanism. In addition the book examines two major works of philosophy of the Roman period: Sextus Empiricus's account of the sceptical philosophy of Pyrrho in Outlines of Pyrrhonism and the Neoplatonism of Plotinus's The Enneads. The second part of the book covers the period, from the fall of the Roman Empire to the dawn of the Renaissance, when philosophy in western Europe sought to harmonize the ideas of the great philosophers of antiquity with Christian belief. Five works are examined: City of God by the Christian philosopher and Church Father, Augustine, which fuses the ideas of Plato and Neoplatonism with Christianity; Anselm's Proslogion in which he outlines his famous "ontological" argument for the existence of God; the monumental Summa Theologiae, Aquinas's supreme synthesis of the philosophy of Aristotle and Christianity; Duns Scotus's Ordinatio, a reaction against the ideas of Aquinas, which meticulously explores detailed metaphysical problems of existence and identity; and finally, Ockham's Summa Logicae, which develops a nominalist metaphysic through some brilliant logical theory Cover......Page 1 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 Ancient and Medieval Philosophy: Introduction......Page 12 1. Plato: Republic......Page 29 2. Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics......Page 57 3. Lucretius: On the Nature of the Universe......Page 80 4. Sextus Empiricus: Outlines of Pyrrhonism......Page 101 5. Plotinus: The Enneads......Page 130 6. Augustine: City of God......Page 151 7. Anselm: Proslogion......Page 180 8. Aquinas: Summa Theologiae......Page 205 9. Duns Scotus: Ordinatio......Page 228 10. William of Ockham: Summa Logicae......Page 253 Index......Page 282 This collection of essays showcases the most important and influential philosophical works of the ancient and medieval period, roughly from 600 BC to AD 1600. Each chapter takes a particular work of philosophy and discusses its proponent, its content and central arguments. These are: Plato's Republic; Aristotle'Nichomachean Ethics; Lucretius'On the Nature of the Universe; Sextus Emperiicus'Outlines of Pyrrhonism; Plotinus'The Enneads; Augustine's City of God; Anselm's Proslogion; Aquinas'Summa Theologia; Duns Scotus'Ordinatio; William of Ockham's Summa Logicae. V. 1. Ancient And Medieval -- V. 2. The Seventeenth And Eighteenth Centuries -- V. 3. The Nineteenth Century -- V. 4. The Twentieth Century, Moore To Popper -- V. 5. The Twentieth Century, Quine And After.. Edited By John Shand. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. V.01 Ancient and medieval. -- v.02 Seventeenth and eighteenth centuries