Cellular and molecular phytotoxicity of heavy metals Mohammad Faisal, Quaiser Saquib, Abdulrahman A. Alatar, Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy, editors

Plant growth and development is closely dependent on the plant environment, including the wide-spread presence of organic and inorganic xenobiotics and pollutants. Currently, heavy metals are the most common inorganic environmental pollutants and they have pronounced effects and consequences not only for plants, but also for the ecosystem in which the plants form an integral component. It has been suggested that these contaminants accumulate in agricultural crops, thus entering the food chain and posing a significant health risk. Plants growing in polluted sites exhibit altered metabolism, reduced growth, and decreased biomass production. These pollutants adhere to plant roots and exert physical or chemical toxicity and subsequently cell death in plants. Yet, plants have developed various defence mechanisms to counteract the toxicity induced by heavy metals. Only detailed study of the processes and mechanisms would allow researchers and students to understand the interactions, responses, and adaptations of plants to these pollutants; however, there are several unresolved issues and challenges regarding the interaction and biological effects of heavy metals. Therefore, this volume provides relevant, state-of-the-art findings on environmental phytotoxicity and the mechanisms of such interactions at the cellular and molecular levels. This volume consists of chapters on relevant topics contributed by different experts or group of experts so as to make available a comprehensive treatise designed to provide an in-depth analysis of heavy metals phytotoxicity. This book may serve as a reference to scientists, researchers and students in the fields of toxicology, environmental toxicology, phytotoxicology, plant biology, plant physiology, plant biochemistry and plant molecular biology, and especially those interested in heavy metals toxicology. Front Matter ....Pages i-xvii Heavy Metals: Definition, Toxicity, and Uptake in Plants (Cristina Buzea, Ivan Pacheco)....Pages 1-17 The Hows and Whys of Heavy Metal-Mediated Phytotoxicity: An Insight (Kalyan Mahapatra, Samrat Banerjee, Sujit Roy)....Pages 19-41 Heavy Metal Toxicity, Mechanism, and Regulation (Vibha Rani, Aruj Vats, Aditi Chaudhary Bhavya Bharadwaj, Shivani Kandpal)....Pages 43-56 Effect of Heavy Metal Stress on Growth and Yields of Crop Plants: An Overview (Zahir Muhammad, Abdul Majeed, Rehmanullah, Naila Inayat, Saira Siyar)....Pages 57-67 Heavy Metal-Induced Toxicity Responses in Plants: An Overview from Physicochemical to Molecular Level (Ritu Chaturvedi, Lovey Talwar, Garima Malik, Manoj S. Paul)....Pages 69-88 Heavy Metal Stress in Plants: Effects on Nutrients and Water Uptake (Saira Siyar, Sajeela Sami, Abdul Majeed)....Pages 89-98 Heavy Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress and Related Cellular Process (Samir B. Eskander, Hosam M. Saleh)....Pages 99-123 Molecular Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants (Nasser Delangiz, Bahman Khoshru, Behnam Asgari Lajayer, Mansour Ghorbanpour, Solmaz Kazemalilou)....Pages 125-136 Heavy Metal Stress-Responsive Phyto-miRNAs (Özge Çelik, Alp Ayan, Sinan Meriç, Çimen Atak)....Pages 137-155 Heavy Metal Phytotoxicity: DNA Damage (Swati Agarwal, Suphiya Khan)....Pages 157-177 Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils: Weeds as Potential Phytoremediation Agents—Issues and Prospects (Abdul Majeed, Zahir Muhammad, Rehmanullah, Habib Ahmad, Naila Inayat, Saira Siyar)....Pages 179-190 Phytomanagement of Metal(loid) Polluted Soil Using Barley and Wheat Plants (M. Gil-Díaz, M. C. Lobo)....Pages 191-226 Role of Beneficial Microbes in the Molecular Phytotoxicity of Heavy Metals (Jaspreet Kour, Kanika Khanna, Palak Bakshi, Indu Sharma, Puja Ohri, Bilal Ahmad Mir et al.)....Pages 227-262 Role of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in Mitigation of Heavy Metal Phytotoxicity in Plants (Arun Dev Singh, Pooja Sharma, Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Pardeep Kumar, Ravinder Singh, Priya Arora et al.)....Pages 263-304 Heavy Metal Mitigation with Special Reference to Bioremediation by Mixotrophic Algae-Bacterial Protocooperation (P. S. Chandra Shekharaiah, Debanjan Sanyal, Santanu Dasgupta, Ajit Sapre, Avishek Banik)....Pages 305-334 Recent Advances in Aluminum Phytotoxicity (Filiz Vardar)....Pages 335-347 Role of Biochar in Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants (Shalini Dhiman, Neha Handa, Nandani Sharma, Ravinderjit Kaur, Puja Ohri, Renu Bhardwaj)....Pages 349-371 Cellular and Molecular Phytotoxicity of Lead and Mercury (Aryadeep Roychoudhury, Swarnavo Chakraborty)....Pages 373-387 Cadmium Toxicity and Its Mechanism in Plants (Sonu Kumari, Monika Yadav, Suphiya Khan)....Pages 389-401 Toxicity of Tungsten Oxide and IAA-Loaded Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles on Linum usitatissimum Germination and Their Antifungal Activity (Manikandan Madheslu, Narendhran Sadasivam, Simin Sabana Ameerbasha, Vishnu Ramakrishnan)....Pages 403-418 Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils Using Trees (Omid Ahmadi, Janhvi Pandey, Nader KhademMoghadam, Behnam AsgariLajayer, Mansour Ghorbanpour)....Pages 419-437 Back Matter ....Pages 439-451 Preface -- 1. Heavy metals -- definition and nanoparticle uptake in plants -- 2. Cellular and molecular responses of plant cell against heavy metal toxicity -- 3. Effect of heavy metal stress on growth and yields of crop plants -- 4. Heavy metal induced toxicity responses in plants: an overview from physicochemical to molecular level -- 5. Heavy metal stress responsive phyto-miRNAs -- 6. Phytoremediation: A useful and environment friendly option to combat phytotoxicity of soil heavy metals -- 7. Heavy metal contaminated soils: weeds as potential phytoremediation agents -- issues and prospects -- 8. Role of beneficial microbes in molecular phytotoxicity of heavy metals -- 9. Mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance in plants -- 10. Mechanistic of phytotoxicity caused by heavy metals nanoparticles -- 11. Mitigation effect of plant growth regulators on heavy metals phytotoxcity in plants -- 12. Role of microorganism for heavy metal stress toxicity, translocation, mechanism of interaction with the plants -- 13. Recent Advances in Aluminum Phytotoxicity -- 14. Use of biochar in heavy metal phytotoxicity mitigation in plants -- 15. Cellular and molecular phytotoxicity of lead and mercury -- 16. How plants respond to chromium toxicity -- 17. Toxicity of tungsten oxide and IAA coated tungsten oxide nanoparticles on Linum usitatissimum germination and their antifungal activity -- 18. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using trees -- Index