Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 18 : Tissue Differentiation, Repair in Health and Disease

Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions. This book series 'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)' as part of Springer Nature’s longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the 18th volume of a continuing series. Preface Contents Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Stem Cells, Development, and Disease 1 Introduction 2 Ca2+-induced Mitochondrial Permeability Transition 3 Reactive Oxygen Species and Other Inducers of mPT 4 Negative Regulators of mPT 5 Molecular Composition of the mPTP 6 mPTP in Stem Cells and Development 7 Concluding Remarks References HSF1, Aging, and Neurodegeneration 1 Introduction 2 Heat Shock Factor 1: Structure and Function 3 HSF1 Domain Organization and Structural Characterization 3.1 DNA Binding Domain (DBD) 3.1.1 High-Resolution Structural Properties of HSF1 DBD 3.1.2 Energetics of HSF1-Cognate DNA Interactions 3.2 Trimerization Domain (TD) 3.3 Regulatory Domain (RD) 3.4 Transactivation Domain (TAD) 3.5 Post-translational Modifications (PTMs) Modulate HSF1 Function 3.5.1 Activity Modulation in the DNA Binding Domain (DBD) 3.5.2 Activity Modulation in the Regulatory Domain (RD) 4 Age-Dependent and Neuron-Specific Attenuation in Induction of the Heat Shock Transcriptional Response 4.1 Attenuated Heat Shock Transcriptional Response in Aging: Cell Models 4.2 Attenuated Heat Shock Transcriptional Response in Aging: Animal Model Systems 4.3 Regulation of HSF1 by the NAD+-Dependent Deacetylase SIRT1: Implications in the Biology of Aging and Neurodegeneration 5 HSF1 and the Intrinsically Disordered Proteome in Aging and Disease 5.1 Biophysical Properties of IDPs and IDRs 5.2 Role of IDRs in the HSR Machinery 5.3 Predicting and Verifying IDR Content in HSF1 5.4 IDRs Modulate HSF1 Monomeric State Stability 5.5 IDRs Modulate HSF1 Transcription Activation 5.6 Predicting Functional and/or Deleterious Protein-Protein Interactions via Sequence Analysis 5.7 IDPs Undergo Liquid Phase Separation 5.8 IDPs, Phase Separation, and Diseases: HSF1 and HSPs Drive the Structuring of Intrinsically Disordered Huntingtin into Form... 6 Perspective: Intrinsically Disordered Proteome, Water, Hydration, Aging, and Neurodegeneration 7 Concluding Remarks References Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Engineering Approach for Its Neuronal Regeneration: Current Status and Future... 1 Introduction 2 Pathophysiology of SCI 3 Primary Injury 4 Secondary Injury 5 Treatment Modalities for SCI 6 Surgical Decompression 7 Hemodynamic Management 8 Pharmacotherapy 9 SC Tissue Engineering 10 Neuroprotective Factors 11 Stem Cells for SCI 12 ESCs 13 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells 14 MSCs 15 NSCs/Neural Progenitor Cell 16 Olfactory Ensheathing Cells 17 Biomaterials for SCI 18 Biological Scaffolds/Decellularized Scaffolds 19 3D Printed Scaffold 20 Conductive Scaffold 21 Other Biomaterial Scaffolds 22 Combinational Tissue Engineering Approach 23 Clinical Trials 24 Future Prospective 25 Conclusion References Application of Biocompatible Scaffolds in Stem-Cell-Based Dental Tissue Engineering 1 Introduction 2 Tissue Engineering 2.1 Cells 2.1.1 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 2.1.2 Embryonic Stem Cells 2.1.3 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells 2.2 Growth Factors 2.3 Scaffolds 2.3.1 Scaffold Materials Natural and Naturally Derived Polymeric Scaffolds Synthetically Engineered Polymeric and Ceramic Scaffolds 2.3.2 Scaffold Modification Techniques for Scaffold Fabrication Scaffolds for 3D Cultures of DPSCs 3 Stem Cell Interactions in 3D Scaffolds 4 Strategies of Dental Tissue Engineering 4.1 Dentine-Pulp Complex 4.2 Periodontium 4.3 Bioengineered Whole Tooth 5 Experimental Models for Dental Pulp Regeneration (In Vivo, In Vitro, Ex Vivo) 6 Conclusion and Future Prospect References Therapeutic Perspectives for the Clinical Application of Umbilical Cord Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Overcoming C... 1 Introduction 2 Umbilical Cord Stem Cells 3 Features of Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells 4 Therapeutic Peculiarities of UCB Hematopoietic Stem Cells 4.1 Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells (UCBSC) Versus Bone Marrow or Peripheral Blood Stem Cells 4.2 Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT) Versus Haploidentical Transplantation (HIT) 4.3 UCB Transplantation for Adolescents and Adults 5 Options to Increase UCBC Dosing 5.1 UCB Transplantation (UCBT) for Children 5.2 Alternative Effects of UCBC 6 Therapeutic Properties of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Cells 7 UCB Cells in Regenerative Medicine 8 Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research Bibliography Advanced Nanotechnology Approaches as Emerging Tools in Cellular-Based Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Nanotechnology in Stem Cell Technologies and Regenerative Medicine 2.1 Nanomaterials for Environmental Engineering of Stem Cells 2.1.1 Engineering Stem Cell Microenvironment 2.2 Nanomaterials for Molecular and Cellular Imaging 2.2.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles Iron Oxide Nanoparticles MNPs for In Vivo Stem Cell Tracking 2.2.2 Semiconductor Nanomaterials 2.3 Genetic Manipulation of Stem Cells Using Nanotechnology-Based Gene Delivery Systems 2.3.1 Magnetofection 2.3.2 Cationic Polymers 2.3.3 Virosomes 2.3.4 Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles 2.3.5 Cationic Dendrimers 2.3.6 Exosomes 3 Cutting-Edge Technologies that Use Nanotechnology in Regenerative Medicine 4 Regenerative Nanomedicine: Ethical, Legal, and Social Challenges 5 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives References Generation of a Beta-Cell Transplant Animal Model of Diabetes Using CRISPR Technology 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Generation of Insulin Gene Knockout Pancreatic Beta Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9 2.2 Construction of Lentivirus Vector Carrying an Insulin Promotor Connected to a Proinsulin-Encoding Gene 2.2.1 Dose Titration of Lentiviral Vectors by qPCR 2.2.2 In Vitro Gene Expression Analysis of LentiINS Vector 2.3 Reconstitution of Insulin Gene Expression in Ins2KO Cells by LentiINS 2.4 Western Blotting Analysis 2.5 Induction of STZ-Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats 2.6 Transplantation of Genetically Modified Pancreatic Beta Cells into Diabetic Animals 2.7 Statistical Analyses 3 Results 3.1 Generation of Insulin Gene Knockout Pancreatic Beta Cell Line Using Programmable Nucleases 3.2 Construction of a Third-Generation Lentiviral Vector Encoding Insulin Gene (LentiINS) 3.3 Insulin Promotor-Directed Insulin Gene Expression Via Lentiviral Vectors Is Limited to Pancreatic Beta Cell Lines 3.4 LentiINS Transduction of the Ins2-Knockout MIN6 Cell Line Restored Insulin Gene Expression 3.5 Generation of STZ-Induced Animal Model Diabetes for Beta-Cell Transplantation 3.6 Testing the Functional Status of Genetically Engineered Pancreatic Beta Cells for Transplantation Purposes 4 Discussion References The Link Between Heat Shock Proteins, Renin-Angiotensin System, and the Coagulation Cascade in the Pathogenesis of the Coronav... 1 Introduction 2 Physiology of the Renin-Angiotensin System 2.1 The Canonical RAAS Pathway 2.2 Non-canonical Pathway 3 HSP and the RAAS System 4 Interaction of RAAS and Heat Shock Proteins in COVID-19 4.1 The Respiratory System 4.2 The Cardiovascular System 4.2.1 HSP-90 4.2.2 HSP-60 4.2.3 HSP-70 4.2.4 HOX/HSP-32 4.3 The Renal System 4.3.1 HOX-1/HSP-32 4.3.2 HSP-90 4.3.3 HSP-70 5 Heat Shock Proteins and their Role in Coagulation Cascade 6 Therapeutic Targeting of Heat Shock Proteins in COVID-19 7 Conclusion References Aptamer-Based Tumor-Targeted Diagnosis and Drug Delivery 1 Introduction 1.1 Application of Aptamer 1.2 Advantages of Aptamer Over Other Biomolecules 2 Aptamer Design and Selection Technology 2.1 Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics 3 Challenges in Tumor Diagnosis and Drug Delivery 4 Aptamer in Diagnosis and Drug Delivery of Tumors and Different Strategies 4.1 Aptamer as Direct Therapeutic Molecule 4.1.1 Therapeutic Aptamers in Cancer 4.2 Aptasensor in Cancer 4.2.1 Detection of Cancer Using Aptasensors 4.2.2 AS1411 Aptamer 4.2.3 Sgc8c-DNA Aptamer 4.2.4 S6-Aptamer 4.2.5 NOX-A12-RNA Aptamer 4.2.6 Other Aptamers 4.2.7 Aptamer-Modified Immune Cells 5 Conclusion and Future Direction References Heat Shock Proteins: Central Players in Oncological and Immuno-Oncological Tracks 1 Introduction 1.1 Heat Shock Protein (HSP) History 1.2 HSP Classifications 1.3 Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27) 1.4 HSP27 Signaling in Oncology 1.5 Role of HSP27 in Different Solid Malignancies 1.5.1 Breast Cancer 1.5.2 Colorectal Cancer 1.5.3 Pancreatic Cancer 1.5.4 Liver Cancer 1.6 Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) 1.7 HSP70 Signaling in Oncology 1.7.1 Apoptosis Senescence Autophagy HSP90 1.8 Role of HSP70 in Solid Malignancies 1.8.1 Breast Cancer 1.8.2 Colorectal Cancer 1.8.3 Pancreatic Cancer 1.8.4 Liver Cancer 1.9 Novel Role of HSP70 and HSP90 in the Immune-Oncological Circuits 2 Conclusion References Index