علل و پیامدهای مهاجرت جهانی

Migration has been a key feature of several far-reaching political events that have shaken the western world in recent years. How western countries handle issues of how to regulate immigration appears critical for their future development. Many agree on this, but at the same time think they know too little about these issues. This book has been written for those who want to find out more about why people migrate and what the consequences are of their doing so. It looks at what motives drive people to migrate and at migrants' economic outcomes in their destination countries. It describes the state of knowledge about the economic and social consequences of migration for the communities that receive the migrants. And it discusses what scope there is in the west for increasing the level of control over migration. | How western countries handle issues of how to regulate immigration appears critical for their future development. Many agree on this, but at the same time think they know too little about these issues. In Eurobarometer surveys from the spring of 2018, migration was the issue most stated as the most important for the EU. At the same time, a majority did not think they were well-informed about migration and integration. This book has been written for those who want to find out more about why people migrate and what the consequences are of their doing so. The book begins with a historical overview of migration. Focusing on the last fifty years, it looks, among other things, at what motives drive people to migrate and at migrants' economic outcomes in their destination countries. It also describes the state of knowledge about the economic and social consequences of migration for the communities that receive the migrants. Finally, it discusses what scope there is in the west for increasing the level of control over migration. A common theme throughout the book is that migration is a very different phenomenon from one situation to another. Groups of people who are over-represented among migrants include the world's most successful technical developers as well as its most vulnerable war victims, and many things in-between. The conditions of different groups in their countries of destination can differ widely, and their immigration has different consequences for these countries. Some of these differences may also persist for several generations. Therefore, referring to migration as a single phenomenon often does not result in a very useful description. Instead, we should get used to portraying the diversity of migration and be careful with making comparisons between different groups of migrants.

How western countries handle issues of how to regulate immigration appears critical for their future development. Many agree on this, but at the same time think they know too little about these issues. In Eurobarometer surveys from the spring of 2018, migration was the issue most stated as the most important for the EU. At the same time, a majority did not think they were well-informed about migration and integration. This book has been written for those who want to find out more about why people migrate and what the consequences are of their doing so.

The book begins with a historical overview of migration. Focusing on the last fifty years, it looks, among other things, at what motives drive people to migrate and at migrants’ economic outcomes in their destination countries. It also describes the state of knowledge about the economic and social consequences of migration for the communities that receive the migrants. Finally, it discusses what scope there is in the west for increasing the level of control over migration.

A common theme throughout the book is that migration is a very different phenomenon from one situation to another. Groups of people who are over-represented among migrants include the world’s most successful technical developers as well as its most vulnerable war victims, and many things in-between. The conditions of different groups in their countries of destination can differ widely, and their immigration has different consequences for these countries. Some of these differences may also persist for several generations. Therefore, referring to migration as a single phenomenon often does not result in a very useful description. Instead, we should get used to portraying the diversity of migration and be careful with making comparisons between different groups of migrants.

Cover 1 Front Matter 3 Half title 3 Title page 5 Copyright information 6 Contents 7 List of figures 9 List of tables 13 Chapter 1-8 15 Chapter 1 What And Why 15 Chapter 2 180 Years of Migration 21 Background and migration before 1840 22 1840–1930: Migration to America 23 1930 until today: First lower migration, then rising 32 Migration and migrants in the West today 53 Final words: The importance of migration 55 Chapter 3 Who Migrate? 57 How well-informed are migration decisions? 57 Who have the most to gain from migrating? 60 Who remain in the destination country? 79 Final words 81 Chapter 4 Migrants’ Incomes In Receiving Countries 83 Variation across sending and receiving countries 83 Variation in income developments over time 91 Refugees 96 Descendants of immigrants 101 Final words 107 Chapter 5 Economic Consequences In Receiving Countries 109 Consequences for labor markets 110 Consequences for public finances 126 Chapter 6 Consequences For Social Cohesion 137 Economic inequality 139 Ethnic diversity 144 Diversity and cohesion 153 Attitudes on immigration policy 159 Final words 166 Chapter 7 Consequences For Poorer Sending Countries 167 Remittances 169 Brain drain? 177 Final words 181 Chapter 8 Future Migration 183 Recent trends 184 Developments in underlying driving forces 187 How effectively can migration be controlled? 190 The global quest for talent 194 Self-regulating legal migration 197 Final words—really 198 End Matter 203 References 203 Index 209 Migration has been a key feature of several far-reaching political events that have shaken the western world in recent years. How western countries handle issues of how to regulate immigration appears critical for their future development. Causes and Consequences of Global Migration looks at what motives drive people to migrate and at migrants' economic outcomes in their destination countries. It describes the state of knowledge about the economic and social consequences of migration for the communities that receive migrants. And it discusses what scope there is in the west for increasing the level of control over migration.-- From back cover The book summarizes scholarly knowledge on why people migrate to western countries, and how this impacts on the receiving economies and societies