فهرست انجمن‌های تغییر قرمز نامتعارف

Dr. Arp has long advocated that quasars and other high redshift objects can be ejected from nearby lower redshift galaxies. This catalog presents numerous examples of the associations he finds between high redshift objects and their low redshift parents. The book begins with an overview of the patterns and then proceeds to an extensive catalog with maps, descriptions, lists, and recommended follow-up observations for each object. Seventeen color plates are found at the end of the catalog. The numerous examples are compelling and make a strong case for follow-up observations. The book is a good read and a great look! The Fundamental Patterns of Physical Associations......Page 6 a. Strong Pairs of Radio Quasars......Page 7 b. Strong X-ray Pairs......Page 10 c. Mutiple Quasar Alignments......Page 12 d. Alignments Rotating with Epoch......Page 15 e. Disturbed Morphology of Ultraluminous Infra Red Galaxies (ULIRG’s)......Page 17 f. Preferred values of redshift......Page 18 g. Ejection Velocities......Page 19 The 3C Sample of Active Galaxies and Quasars......Page 22 a. 3C 343,1......Page 23 d. A 2DF Galaxy......Page 26 Ejection Origin of Quasars......Page 27 a. Gamma Rays—the Most Energetic Connection......Page 30 Intrinsic Redshifts of Galaxies......Page 32 Cepheid Distances and the Hubble Constant......Page 33 a. Tully-Fisher Distances......Page 35 b. What do these Galaxies Look like?......Page 36 c. Companion Galaxies and Late Type Spirals......Page 39 Crossing the Bridge to a more Correct Physics......Page 42 About the Catalogue......Page 46 Suggested Use......Page 47 b. New evidence from elongations of groups of X-ray sources......Page 49 a. Pairs and alignments......Page 48 e. Hierarchical Associations......Page 50 Catalogue Entries......Page 52 Introduction......Page 150 Genesis of the M 101 Investigation......Page 152 The Extended Region around M 101......Page 153 The Gamma Ray Burst......Page 154 3C 295......Page 155 A Galaxy of z = 2.72......Page 157 The Distribution of Bright Markarian Galaxies......Page 159 Numerical Coincidences of Redshifts......Page 161 The 3C Radio Sources......Page 163 Elongation of Clusters Toward M 101......Page 165 Scale of the M 101 Associations......Page 167 Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect......Page 169 Conclusion......Page 171 Introduction......Page 174 X-ray sources connecting PG 1244+026 and NGC 4636......Page 177 Additional X-ray ejections from NGC 4636......Page 179 Line of X-ray sources from the starburst galaxy NGC7541......Page 181 The elongated X-ray cluster A 3667......Page 185 The elongated X-ray cluster RXJ 0152.7-1357......Page 187 Additional Examples of Elongated Clusters Aligned with Galaxies of Lower Redshift......Page 191 NGC 214 and RXJ 0030+2618......Page 192 Back to M 101 with the Clusters 3C 295 and Abell 1904......Page 196 And Now Abell 1904......Page 198 The Perfectly Ejected Cluster......Page 199 Summary and Interpretation......Page 200 Interaction of emerging jet with medium......Page 201 Persistence of ejection directions......Page 202 New Galaxies in the Arms of NGC 1232......Page 204 Quasars in the Arm of NGC 7603......Page 207 Ejected Objects from NGC 4151......Page 210 A Bullet to a Gamma Ray Burst......Page 213 A Quasar with an Ablation Tail......Page 216 A mechanism to produce clusters of galaxies......Page 220 Glossary......Page 224 Index of Objects......Page 230 Colour Plates......Page 232 Apeiron Introduction 6 The Fundamental Patterns of Physical Associations 6 Quasars 7 a. Strong Pairs of Radio Quasars 7 b. Strong X-ray Pairs 10 c. Mutiple Quasar Alignments 12 d. Alignments Rotating with Epoch 15 e. Disturbed Morphology of Ultraluminous Infra Red Galaxies (ULIRG’s) 17 f. Preferred values of redshift 18 g. Ejection Velocities 19 The 3C Sample of Active Galaxies and Quasars 22 a. 3C 343,1 23 b. 3C3441 26 c. 3C 435 26 d. A 2DF Galaxy 26 Ejection Origin of Quasars 27 a. Gamma Rays—the Most Energetic Connection 30 Intrinsic Redshifts of Galaxies 32 Cepheid Distances and the Hubble Constant 33 a. Tully-Fisher Distances 35 b. What do these Galaxies Look like? 36 c. Companion Galaxies and Late Type Spirals 39 Crossing the Bridge to a more Correct Physics 42 The Catalogue 46 About the Catalogue 46 About the Listed Associations 47 Suggested Use 47 What to look for 49 a. Pairs and alignments 48 b. New evidence from elongations of groups of X-ray sources 49 c. Evolution 50 d. Quantized Redshifts in the Rest Frame of the Parent Galaxy 50 e. Hierarchical Associations 50 Catalogue Entries 52 Appendix A 150 The Opulent Neighborhood of the Nearby Galaxy M 101 150 Introduction 150 Genesis of the M 101 Investigation 152 The Extended Region around M 101 153 The Gamma Ray Burst 154 3C 295 155 A Galaxy of z = 2.72 157 The Distribution of Bright Markarian Galaxies 159 156The Distribution of Bright Quasars 161 Numerical Coincidences of Redshifts 161 The Nearest, Most Widely Spread Pair of Quasars in the Sky? 163 The 3C Radio Sources 163 Elongation of Clusters Toward M 101 165 Scale of the M 101 Associations 167 Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect 169 Conclusion 171 Appendix B 174 Filaments, Clusters of Galaxies and the Nature of Ejections From Galaxies 174 Introduction 174 X-ray sources connecting PG 1244+026 and NGC 4636 177 Additional X-ray ejections from NGC 4636 179 Line of X-ray sources from the starburst galaxy NGC7541 181 Elongated X-ray clusters 185 The elongated X-ray cluster A 3667 185 The elongated X-ray cluster RXJ 0152.7-1357 187 Additional Examples of Elongated Clusters Aligned with Galaxies of Lower Redshift 191 NGC 214 and RXJ 0030+2618 192 Back to M 101 with the Clusters 3C 295 and Abell 1904 196 And Now Abell 1904 198 The Perfectly Ejected Cluster 199 Summary and Interpretation 200 Interaction of emerging jet with medium 201 Persistence of ejection directions 202 New Galaxies in the Arms of NGC 1232 204 Quasars in the Arm of NGC 7603 207 Ejected Objects from NGC 4151 210 A Bullet to a Gamma Ray Burst 213 A Quasar with an Ablation Tail 216 The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect 220 A mechanism to produce clusters of galaxies 220 Glossary 224 Index of Objects 230 Colour Plates 232 ISBN-13:,9780968368992 Empirical evidence which is repeatable forms the indispensable basis of science. The following Catalogue of Discordant Redshift Associations applies this principle to the problem of extragalactic redshifts. The Catalogue entries establish unequivocally that high redshift objects are often at the same distance as, and physically associated with, galaxies of much lower redshift. It is thus appropriate to start with a short history of high redshift quasars aligned with low redshift galaxies. It has long been accepted that radio-emitting material is ejected, usually paired in opposite ejections, from active galaxies. The material is therefore aligned and points back to the galaxy of origin. But, and this is the major additional property of the associations, the ejected material frequently has a much higher redshift than the central galaxy. The prototypical pairs and alignments of higher redshift objects in this introductory section are taken from a body of data which is now too large to present completely. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the sample presented here will fix firmly the result that redshifts do not generally indicate recession velocity and are not reliable distance indicators. Even more importantly, the empirical data contained in these discordant associations is perhaps the only evidence capable of leading to a fundamental physical understanding of the origins of quasars and galaxies and the cause of intrinsic redshifts. High redshift quasars, low redshift ejecting galaxies, aligned X-ray clusters, gamma ray bursters, supposed gravitational lenses, quantized intrinsic redshifts this book presents examples of empirical patterns of associations that repeat from region to region in the sky, suggesting evolutionary sequences and new fundamental physics. Each catalogue entry furnishes critical objects for further investigation.