Cashing in on cyberpower : how interdependent actors seek economic outcomes in a digital world

"As the world has become increasingly digitally interconnected, military leaders and other actors are ditching symmetric power strategies in favor of cyberstrategies. Cyberpower enables actors to change actual economic outcomes without the massive resource investment required for military force deployments. Cashing In on Cyberpower addresses the question, Why and to what end are state and nonstate actors using cybertools to influence economic outcomes? The most devastating uses of cyberpower can include intellectual property theft, espionage to uncover carefully planned trade strategies, and outright market manipulation through resource and currency values. Offering eight hypotheses to address this central question, Mark T. Peters II considers every major cyberattack (almost two hundred) over the past ten years, providing both a quick reference and a comparative analysis. He also develops new case studies depicting the 2010 intellectual property theft of a gold-detector design from the Australian Codan corporation, the 2012 trade negotiation espionage in the Japanese Trans-Pacific Partnership preparations, and the 2015 cyberattacks on Ukrainian SCADA systems. All these hypotheses combine to identify new data and provide a concrete baseline of how leaders use cybermeans to achieve economic outcomes." -- Amazon.com Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Contents......Page 8 List of Figures......Page 10 List of Tables......Page 11 Acknowledgments......Page 12 1. Entering the Cyber Commons......Page 14 Problem......Page 16 Research Question......Page 17 Interdependence and Power......Page 19 Method Development......Page 21 Cyber Application and Case Studies......Page 22 Summary......Page 24 2. Interdependence......Page 26 Why Use Interdependence Theory?......Page 29 Interdependent Characteristics of the Virtual State......Page 36 Defining Interdependent Cyberspace......Page 42 Cyber Operations......Page 49 Summary......Page 56 Types of Power......Page 58 Power Application......Page 68 Power through Economic Cyber Influences......Page 80 Summary......Page 92 4. Method Development......Page 94 Method Types......Page 95 Describing the Data Sources......Page 100 Categorizing Cyber Events......Page 103 Case Study Guideline......Page 128 Summary......Page 132 Application in Practice......Page 134 Deciphering the Data......Page 138 Evaluating the First Four Hypotheses......Page 158 Summary......Page 169 6. Case Study Analysis......Page 170 Deciphering Events through Narrative Linkages......Page 171 Japanese Government Case: Economic Espionage......Page 176 Ukrainian Power Grid Case: Economic Cyberattack......Page 183 Codan Case: Intellectual Property Theft......Page 190 Evaluating the Economic Hypotheses......Page 196 Summary......Page 199 Linking Hypotheses to the Research Question......Page 200 Future Applications......Page 207 Final Thoughts......Page 209 Appendix......Page 212 Notes......Page 240 Bibliography......Page 252 Index......Page 268 As the world has become increasingly digitally interconnected, military leaders and other actors are ditching symmetric power strategies in favor of cyberstrategies. Cyberpower enable actors to change actual economic outcomes without the massive resource investment required for military force deployments. Cashing In on Cyberpower addresses the question, Why and to what end are state and nonstate actors using cybertools to influence economic outcomes? The most devastating uses of cyberpower can include intellectual property theft, espionage to uncover carefully planned trade strategies, and outright market manipulation through resource and currency values. Offering eight hypotheses to address this central question, Mark T. Peters II considers every major cyberattack (almost two hundred) over the past ten years, providing both a quick reference and a comparative analysis. He also develops new case studies depicting the 2010 intellectual property theft of a gold-detector design from the Australian Codan corporation, the 2012 trade negotiation espionage in the Japanese Trans-Pacific Partnership preparations, and the 2015 cyberattacks on Ukrainian SCADA systems. All these hypotheses combine to identify new data and provide a concrete baseline of how leaders use cybermeans to achieve economic outcomes. -- Provided by publisher As the world has become increasingly digitally interconnected, military leaders and other actors are ditching symmetric power strategies in favor of cyberstrategies. Cyberpower enable actors to change actual economic outcomes without the massive resource investment required for military force deployments. Cashing In on Cyberpower addresses the question, Why and to what end are state and nonstate actors using cybertools to influence economic outcomes? The most devastating uses of cyberpower can include intellectual property theft, espionage to uncover carefully planned trade strategies, and outright market manipulation through resource and currency values. Offering eight hypotheses to address this central question, Mark T. Peters II considers every major cyberattack (almost two hundred) over the past ten years, providing both a quick reference and a comparative analysis. He also develops new case studies depicting the 2010 intellectual property theft of a gold-detector design from the Australian Codan corporation, the 2012 trade negotiation espionage in the Japanese Trans-Pacific Partnership preparations, and the 2015 cyberattacks on Ukrainian SCADA systems. All these hypotheses combine to identify new data and provide a concrete baseline of how leaders use cybermeans to achieve economic outcomes. -- Inside jacket flap Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 8 List of Figures 10 List of Tables 11 Acknowledgments 12 1. Entering the Cyber Commons 14 Problem 16 Research Question 17 Interdependence and Power 19 Method Development 21 Cyber Application and Case Studies 22 Summary 24 2. Interdependence 26 Why Use Interdependence Theory? 29 Interdependent Characteristics of the Virtual State 36 Defining Interdependent Cyberspace 42 Cyber Operations 49 Summary 56 3. Power 58 Types of Power 58 Power Application 68 Power through Economic Cyber Influences 80 Summary 92 4. Method Development 94 Method Types 95 Describing the Data Sources 100 Categorizing Cyber Events 103 Case Study Guideline 128 Summary 132 5. Cyber Applications 134 Application in Practice 134 Deciphering the Data 138 Evaluating the First Four Hypotheses 158 Summary 169 6. Case Study Analysis 170 Deciphering Events through Narrative Linkages 171 Japanese Government Case: Economic Espionage 176 Ukrainian Power Grid Case: Economic Cyberattack 183 Codan Case: Intellectual Property Theft 190 Evaluating the Economic Hypotheses 196 Summary 199 7. Framing Future Channels 200 Linking Hypotheses to the Research Question 200 Future Applications 207 Final Thoughts 209 Appendix 212 Notes 240 Bibliography 252 Index 268