Case Studies in Biocultural Diversity From Southeast Asia : Traditional Ecological Calendars, Folk Medicine and Folk Names

This open access book demonstrates the linkages between local languages, traditional knowledge, and biodiversity at the landscape level in Asia, providing a fresh approach to discussions on Asia's biocultural diversity. The book carries forward earlier analyses but importantly focuses on 'traditional ecological calendars,' 'folk medicine,' and 'folk names' in the context of the vital importance of maintaining biological, cultural, and linguistic diversity. It does this by addressing a range of cases and issues in relation to Southeast Asia: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and North-East India. The several chapters demonstrate the ways in which the various forms of knowledge of the environment and its categorizations are important in areas such as landscape and resource management and conservation. They also demonstrate that environmental knowledge and the practical skills which accompany it are not necessarily widely shared. This book sends important messages to those who care about the sustainability of our environment, the maintenance of its biocultural diversity, or at least the maintenance of what remains of it because much has changed. This interdisciplinary collection draws from a wide range of disciplines and is of appeal to students and scholars in anthropology, environmental studies, geography, biodiversity, and linguistics. ; This book demonstrates the linkages between local languages, traditional knowledge, and biodiversity at the landscape level in Asia, providing a fresh approach to discussions on Asia's biocultural diversity. The volume carries forward earlier analyses but importantly focuses on 'traditional ecological calendars', 'folk medicine' and 'folk names' in the context of the vital importance of maintaining biological, cultural and linguistic diversity. It does this by addressing a range of cases and issues in relation to Southeast Asia: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and the culturally connected area of North-East India. The several chapters demonstrate the ways in which the various forms of knowledge of the environment and its categorisations are important in such areas as landscape and resource management and conservation. They also demonstrate that environmental knowledge and the practical skills which accompany it are not necessarily widely shared. This book sends important messages to those who care about the sustainability of our environment, the maintenance of its biocultural diversity, or at least the maintenance of what remains of it because much has changed, and the impacts of culture-carrying human beings on nature. This interdisciplinary collection draws from a wide range of disciplines, and is of appeal to students and scholars in anthropology, geography, biodiversity and linguistics Foreword Acknowledgements Contents List of Figures List of Tables 1 Case Studies in Biocultural Diversity from Southeast Asia—Traditional Ecological Calendars, Folk Medicine and Folk Names 1.1 Traditional Ecological Calendars 1.2 Folk Medicine 1.3 Folk Names References 2 Changing Tides: Temporal Dimensions of Low-Cost, High-Skill Fisheries in the Central Visayas, Philippines 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Background to the Study and Methods 2.3 Knowledge of Sea Currents and Tides: Daily, Weekly and Monthly Rhythms 2.3.1 Talab-on and Hologton 2.3.2 Moihap ug pito ka adlaw 2.4 Timing of Rituals 2.5 How Tides Shape the Rhythm of Fishing 2.6 Seasonal Variations 2.6.1 Amihan, Salatan and Habagat 2.6.2 Seasonal Migrant Fishing 2.7 Migrants No More: Dynamics of Exclusion 2.7.1 Declining Fish Catch and New Regulations 2.7.2 Further Decline in Fisheries Resources and Differential Effects 2.8 Conclusion References 3 Calendar Keepers: The Unsung Heroes in Indigenous Landscape Management 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Methodology 3.2.1 The Mao Naga Community 3.2.2 Botanical Inventorying 3.3 Results 3.3.1 The Lunar Calendar 3.3.2 The Solar Calendar 3.3.3 Local Seasonal Indicators: Calendar Plants and Animals 3.3.4 Movuo, the Calendar Keeper 3.3.5 The Calendar Keeper and His Importance in Landscape Management 3.3.6 The Mao Naga Calendar Today 3.3.7 Mapping the Flow of Calendric Information 3.4 Discussion 3.4.1 Traditional Ecological Calendars Facilitate Landscape Management 3.4.2 Calendar Keepers, the Unsung Heroes in Indigenous Landscape Management 3.4.3 Clash of Beliefs Explains Flattening of the Dynamic Calendar 3.5 Conclusion References 4 The Sundanese Traditional Ecological Calendar and Socio-cultural Changes: Case Study from Rancakalong of West Java, Indonesia 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Materials and Methods 4.2.1 Sampling and Interviews 4.2.2 Rancakalong Village 4.3 Findings 4.3.1 Traditional Rice Cultivation in Rancakalong 4.3.2 Folk Classification 4.3.3 Management of Rice Pests 4.3.4 Pranata Mangsa 4.3.5 Rituals Associated with Traditional Agriculture 4.3.6 Pranata Mangsa, the Green Revolution, and Socio-cultural Changes 4.4 Conclusion References 5 The Intersection of Kedayan Folk Medicine and Traditional Ecological Calendar 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Research Methods 5.2.1 Study Design 5.2.2 Location and Area of Study 5.2.3 The Kedayan Community 5.3 Results and Discussion 5.3.1 Kedayan Folk Medicine 5.3.2 Intersection of Kedayan Folk Medicine and the Traditional Ecological Calendar 5.4 Conclusion References 6 Traditional Medicinal Knowledge of Vendors and Their Contribution Toward Community Healthcare in Baguio City, Philippines 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Materials and Methods 6.2.1 Study Area 6.2.2 Data Collection 6.2.3 Collection and Identification of Plant Samples 6.2.4 Data Analysis and Validation 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.3.1 Medicinal Plants Sold by Vendors 6.3.2 Distribution of Medicinal Plants According to Selling Place 6.3.3 Common Ailments Treated by Medicinal Plants and Their Number 6.3.4 Commonly Used Plant Parts, Mode of Preparation, and Administration 6.3.5 Medicinal Plant Families and Species with Their Corresponding Use Value 6.4 Conclusion and Recommendations References 7 Folk Plant Names Are Condensed Forms of Traditional Knowledge: Case Study with the Urang Kanekes of Banten, Indonesia 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Materials and Methods 7.2.1 Data Collection 7.2.2 Analysis of Kanekes Food Plant Names 7.3 Results and Discussion 7.3.1 Linguistic Morphology of the Kanekes Language 7.3.2 Outline of the Kanekes Folk Taxonomy on Plants 7.3.3 TK Encoded in Kanekes Food Plant Names 7.4 Conclusion 7.5 Funding Sources References 8 Folk Fish Names Are Condensed Forms of Traditional Knowledge: Case Study with the Vaie People of Sarawak, Malaysia 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Materials and Methods 8.2.1 Study Area 8.2.2 The Vaie Community 8.2.3 Methodology 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.3.1 Outline of Vaie Fish Taxonomy 8.3.2 TK Encoded by Vaie Fish Names 8.4 Conclusion References Correction to: Traditional Medicinal Knowledge of Vendors and Their Contribution Toward Community Healthcare in Baguio City, Philippines Correction to: Chapter 6 in: F. M. Franco et al. (eds.), Case Studies in Biocultural Diversity from Southeast Asia, Asia in Transition 19, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6719-0_6 Index