Carotid Disease : The Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Management

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with carotid disease representing an important contributory risk factor. This book offers comprehensive coverage of the pathogenesis and management of carotid disease with specific focus on the role imaging has to play in the early recognition of symptomatic and asymptomatic disease as well as the treatment of the developed condition. Technological advances in imaging modalities now allow detailed analysis of the disease progression, the prediction of critical events leading to a stroke, as well as the identification of the most effective surgical or other interventional treatments. This book should be read by neurologists, cardiologists, vascular surgeons, neurosurgeons and radiologists involved in the care of patients with carotid disease, and also by researchers involved in the development of new therapeutic techniques and drugs.Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with carotid disease representing an important contributory risk factor. This book offers comprehensive coverage of the pathogenesis and management of carotid disease with specific focus on the role imaging has to play in the early recognition of symptomatic and asymptomatic disease as well as the treatment of the developed condition. It discusses the technological advances in imaging modalities which now allow detailed analysis of the disease progression, the prediction of critical events leading to a stroke, as well as the identification of the most effective surgical or other interventional treatments. Highly illustrated throughout with leading expert contributors, this book should be read by neurologists, cardiologists, vascular surgeons, neurosurgeons and radiologists involved in the care of patients with carotid disease, and also by researchers involved in the development of new therapeutic techniques and drugs. Cover......Page 1 Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 9 Abbreviations......Page 15 Introduction......Page 21 1 Pathology of carotid artery atherosclerotic disease......Page 23 2 Epidemiology of carotid artery atherosclerosis......Page 44 3 Genetics of carotid atherosclerosis......Page 57 4 Hematological processes in emboli formation......Page 67 5 Medical treatment for carotid stenosis......Page 81 6 Surgical management of symptomatic carotid disease: carotid endarterectomy and extracranial-intracranial bypass......Page 94 7 Surgery for asymptomatic carotid stenosis......Page 108 8 Interventional management of carotid disease......Page 116 9 Conventional carotid Doppler ultrasound......Page 127 10 Conventional digital subtraction angiography for carotid disease......Page 148 11 Magnetic resonance angiography of the carotid artery......Page 162 12 Computed tomographic angiography of carotid artery stenosis......Page 180 13 Cost-effectiveness analysis for carotid imaging......Page 188 14 MR plaque imaging......Page 202 15 CT plaque imaging......Page 213 16 Assessment of carotid plaque with conventional ultrasound......Page 230 17 Assessment of carotid plaque with intravascular ultrasound......Page 245 18 Image postprocessing......Page 257 19 Nuclear imaging for the assessment of patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis......Page 273 20 USPIO
enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of carotid atheroma......Page 294 21 Gadolinium-enhanced plaque imaging......Page 310 22 Carotid magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging......Page 324 23 The proximal carotid arteries
image-based computational modelling......Page 335 24 Mechanical image analysis using finite element method......Page 346 25 Transcranial Doppler monitoring......Page 363 26 Imaging carotid disease: MR and CT perfusion......Page 380 27 Near infrared spectroscopy in carotid endarterectomy......Page 394 28 Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)......Page 409 29 Monitoring carotid interventions with xenon CT......Page 418 30 Vascular imaging and the clinical development of new pharmaceuticals......Page 440 31 Monitoring pharmaceutical interventions with conventional ultrasound (IMT)......Page 452 32 Monitoring pharmaceutical interventions with IVUS......Page 473 33 Monitoring of pharmaceutical interventions: MR plaque imaging......Page 486 34 Molecular imaging of carotid artery disease......Page 493 35 Future technical developments......Page 506 Index......Page 520