Carnitine biosynthesis, metabolism, and functions : proceedings of the Virginia Lazenby O'Hara Biochemistry Symposium held March 31-April 1, 1979

Carnitine Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Functions contains the proceedings of the Virginia Lazenby O'Hara Biochemistry Symposium held in Dallas, Texas, from March 31 to April 1, 1979. The papers explore all aspects of carnitine metabolism, including its biosynthesis, regulation, transport, and functions. Comprised of 24 chapters divided into four sections, this book opens with a brief review of the situation which led to the discovery of carnitine as a vitamin and its role in acetylation. The discussion then turns to the chemistry and biosynthesis of carnitine in Neurospora crassa, rat kidney, and humans. The purification of enzymes involved in the conversion of trimethyllysine to trimethylaminobutyrate is also considered. The following chapters examine carnitine transport across the plasma membrane; formation and utilization of isobutyrylcarnitine; regulation of blood carnitine and carnitine acyltransferases in the perinatal period; and inhibitors of carnitine transport and metabolism. The final section is devoted to medical and clinical aspects of carnitine, touching on topics such as the possible causes and effects of carnitine deficiency in humans; carnitine deficiency in cirrhosis; protective effects of L-carnitine on ischemic heart; and changes in carnitine-linked metabolism during ischemia, thermal injury, and shock. This monograph will be a useful resource for biochemists and those interested in the physiological roles of carnitine. Content: Academic Press Rapid Manuscript Reproduction , Page ii Front Matter , Page iii Copyright , Page iv PARTICIPANTS , Pages ix-xiii PREFACE , Page xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS , Page xvii GREETINGS , Page xix , Ronald W. Estabrook Opening Lecture : THE PROPOSED VITAMIN ROLE OF CARNITINE , Pages 1-6 , Gottfried Fraenkel CARNITINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN Neurospora crassa , Pages 7-17 , Harry P. Broquist SYNTHESIS OF CARNITINE PRECURSORS IN RAT KIDNEY , Pages 19-33 , Rene A. Frenkel, A. Lee Carter PURIFICATION OF THE ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE CONVERSION OF TRIMETHYLLYSINE TO TRIMETHYLAMINOBUTYRATE , Pages 35-43 , LaVell M. Henderson, James D. Hulse, LaRhee L. Henderson HYDROXYLATION OF γ-BUTYROBETAINE , Pages 45-56 , Göran Lindstedt, Sven Lindstedt, Ingalill Nordin COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF CARNITINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN MICROORGANISMS AND MAMMALS WITH ATTENTION TO CARNITINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN MAN , Pages 57-72 , Charles J. Rebouche CARNITINE TRANSPORT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE , Pages 73-89 , Thomas Bøhmer, Per Mølstad CARNITINE UPTAKE AND STIMULATION OF CARNITINE UPTAKE IN THE ISOLATED BEATING ADULT RAT HEART MYOCYTE , Pages 91-113 , Joseph J. Bahl, Thomas R. Navin, Rubin Bressler REGULATION OF THE CARNITINE CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA , Pages 115-126 , Peggy R. Borum EXTRAMITOCHONDRIAL SHORTENING OF LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AND CARNITINE-DEPENDENT FATTY ACID OXIDATION , Pages 127-142 , H. OSMUNDSEN, RENATA Z. CHRISTIANSEN, J. BREMER CARNITINE-ACYLCARNITINE TRANSLOCASE-MEDIATED TRANSPORT OF FATTY ACIDS INTO MITOCHONDRIA: ITS INVOLVEMENT IN THE CONTROL OF FATTY ACID OXIDATION IN LIVER , Pages 143-157 , Shri V. Pande, Rehana Parvin STUDIES ON THE FORMATION AND UTILIZATION OF ISOBUTYRYLCARNITINE , Pages 159-176 , L.L. Bieber, P. Sabourin, P.J. Fogle, K. Valkner, R. Lutnick CONTROL OF BLOOD CARNITINE AND CARNITINE ACYLTRANSFERASES IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD , Pages 177-189 , Peter Hahn, David Seccombe CARNITINE AND METABOLISM IN RUMINANT ANIMALS , Pages 191-205 , A.M. Snoswell, G.D. Henderson INHIBITORS OF CARNITINE TRANSPORT AND METABOLISM , Pages 207-218 , Philip K. Tubbs, Rona R. Ramsay, Michael R. Edwards CARNITINE IN THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND ITS RELATION TO THE METABOLISM OF THE EPIDIDYMIS AND SPERMATOZOA , Pages 219-235 , David E. Brooks CONCENTRATION AND UPTAKE OF CARNITINE IN THE RAT EPIDIDYMIS: A MICROPUNCTURE STUDY , Pages 237-250 , B.T. Hinton, B.P. Setchell THE ROLE OF CARNITINE AND ITS ESTERS IN SPERM METABOLISM , Pages 251-269 , A. Lee Carter, F.W. Stratman, Susan M. Hutson, Henry A. Lardy POSSIBLE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF CARNITINE DEFICIENCY IN MAN , Pages 271-285 , Andrew G. Engel CARNITINE AND CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE IN METABOLIC STUDIES , Pages 287-305 , Charles Hoppel, Saul Genuth, Eric Brass, Richard Fuller, Karl Hostetler CARNITINE DEFICIENCY IN CIRRHOSIS , Pages 307-319 , Daniel Rudman, Joseph D. Ansley, C. Whitaker Sewell CHANGES IN CARNITINE-LINKED METABOLISM DURING ISCHEMIA, THERMAL INJURY, AND SHOCK , Pages 321-340 , Austin L. Shug, Barry Hayes, Peter J. Huth, James H. Thomsen, Neville Bittar, Peter V. Hall, Richard H. Demling PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF L-CARNITINE ON ISCHEMIC HEART , Pages 341-352 , Yoshikazu Suzuki, Tadashi Kamikawa, Noboru Yamazaki INDEX , Pages 353-356