Cardiovascular Physiology: Mosby Physiology Monograph Series (with Student Consult Online Access) (Mosby's Physiology Monograph)

Cardiovascular Physiology gives you a solid understanding of how the cardiovascular system functions in both health and disease. Ideal for your systems-based curriculum, this title in the Mosby Physiology Monograph Series explains how the latest concepts apply to real-life clinical situations. - Get clear, accurate, and up-to-the-minute coverage of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. - Master the material easily with objectives at the start of each chapter self-study questions, summaries, and key words and concepts and a multiple-choice review exam to help prep for USMLEs. - Grasp the latest concepts in vascular, molecular, and cellular biology as they apply to cardiovascular function, thanks to molecular commentaries in each chapter. - Apply information to clinical situations with the aid of clinical commentaries and highlighted clinical vignettes throughout. Front Cover......Page 1 Series Page......Page 3 Cardiovascular Physiology......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Preface ......Page 7 Contents ......Page 8 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM......Page 14 BLOOD......Page 18 CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIALS CONSIST OF SEVERAL PHASES......Page 24 CONDUCTION IN CARDIAC FIBERS DEPENDS ON LOCAL CIRCUIT CURRENTS......Page 38 CARDIAC EXCITABILITY DEPENDS ON THE ACTIVATION AND INACTIVATION OF SPECIFIC CURRENTS......Page 40 THE HEART GENERATES ITS OWN PACEMAKING ACTIVITY......Page 44 AN IMPULSE CAN TRAVEL AROUND A REENTRY LOOP......Page 54 AFTERDEPOLARIZATIONS LEAD TO TRIGGERED ACTIVITY......Page 55 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY DISPLAYS THE SPREAD OF CARDIAC EXCITATION......Page 57 DYSRHYTHMIAS OCCUR FREQUENTLY AND CONSTITUTE IMPORTANT CLINICAL PROBLEMS......Page 60 THE GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURES OF THE HEART ARE UNIQUELY DESIGNED FOR OPTIMAL FUNCTION......Page 68 THE FORCE OF CARDIAC CONTRACTION IS DETERMINED BY EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING AND THE INITIAL SARCOMERE LENGTH OF THE MYOCAR.........Page 76 THE SEQUENTIAL CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION OF THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES CONSTITUTE THE CARDIAC CYCLE......Page 82 THE PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS IN THE INTACT HEART......Page 88 THE FICK PRINCIPLE IS USED TO DETERMINE CARDIAC OUTPUT......Page 92 HEART RATE IS CONTROLLED MAINLY BY THE AUTONOMIC NERVES......Page 104 MYOCARDIAL PERFORMANCE IS REGULATED BY INTRINSIC MECHANISMS......Page 115 MYOCARDIAL PERFORMANCE IS REGULATED BY NERVOUS AND HUMORAL FACTORS......Page 123 VELOCITY OF THE BLOODSTREAM DEPENDS ON BLOOD FLOW AND VASCULAR AREA......Page 132 BLOOD FLOW DEPENDS ON THE PRESSURE GRADIENT......Page 133 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE AND FLOW DEPENDS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONDUITS......Page 135 RESISTANCE TO FLOW......Page 138 FLOW MAY BE LAMINAR OR TURBULENT......Page 140 SHEAR STRESS ON THE VESSEL WALL......Page 141 RHEOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF BLOOD......Page 142 THE HYDRAULIC FILTER CONVERTS PULSATILE FLOW TO STEADY FLOW......Page 148 ARTERIAL ELASTICITY COMPENSATES FOR THE INTERMITTENT FLOW DELIVERED BY THE HEART......Page 150 THE ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IS DETERMINED BY PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS......Page 153 THE PRESSURE CURVES CHANGE IN ARTERIES AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES FROM THE HEART......Page 160 BLOOD PRESSURE IS MEASURED BY A SPHYGMOMANOMETER IN HUMAN PATIENTS......Page 161 FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY......Page 166 THE ENDOTHELIUM PLAYS AN ACTIVE ROLE IN REGULATING THE MICROCIRCULATION......Page 169 THE ENDOTHELIUM IS AT THE CENTER OF FLOW-INITIATED MECHANOTRANSDUCTION......Page 170 THE ENDOTHELIUM PLAYS A PASSIVE ROLE IN TRANSCAPILLARY EXCHANGE......Page 171 THE LYMPHATICS RETURN THE FLUID AND SOLUTES THAT ESCAPE THROUGH THE ENDOTHELIUM TO THE CIRCULATING BLOOD......Page 180 THE FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART AND LARGE BLOOD VESSELS......Page 184 CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION OF ARTERIOLAR VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE REGULATE PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW......Page 185 INTRINSIC CONTROL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW......Page 192 EXTRINSIC CONTROL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW IS MEDIATED MAINLY BY THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 196 BALANCE BETWEEN EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC FACTORS IN REGULATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW......Page 204 FACTORS CONTROLLING CARDIAC OUTPUT......Page 208 THE CARDIAC FUNCTION CURVE RELATES CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE (PRELOAD) TO CARDIAC OUTPUT......Page 209 THE VASCULAR FUNCTION CURVE RELATES CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE TO CARDIAC OUTPUT......Page 213 THE HEART AND VASCULATURE ARE COUPLED FUNCTIONALLY......Page 220 THE RIGHT VENTRICLE REGULATES NOT ONLY PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW BUT ALSO CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE......Page 224 HEART RATE HAS AMBIVALENT EFFECTS ON CARDIAC OUTPUT......Page 227 ANCILLARY FACTORS AFFECT THE VENOUS SYSTEM AND CARDIAC OUTPUT......Page 229 FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE CORONARY VESSELS......Page 236 CORONARY BLOOD FLOW IS REGULATED BY PHYSICAL, NEURAL, AND METABOLIC FACTORS......Page 238 DIMINISHED CORONARY BLOOD FLOW IMPAIRS CARDIAC FUNCTION......Page 243 ENERGY SUBSTRATE METABOLISM DURING ISCHEMIA......Page 244 CORONARY COLLATERAL VESSELS DEVELOP IN RESPONSE TO IMPAIRMENT OF CORONARY BLOOD FLOW......Page 246 CUTANEOUS CIRCULATION......Page 250 SKELETAL MUSCLE CIRCULATION......Page 253 CEREBRAL CIRCULATION......Page 256 THE PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC CIRCULATIONS ARE IN SERIES WITH EACH OTHER......Page 258 THE RENAL CIRCULATION AFFECTS THE CARDIAC OUTPUT......Page 263 THE SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION PROVIDES BLOOD FLOW TO THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, LIVER, SPLEEN, AND PANCREAS......Page 267 FETAL CIRCULATION......Page 270 13 - INTERPLAY OF CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL FACTORS THAT CONTROL THE CIRCULATION......Page 276 EXERCISE......Page 277 HEMORRHAGE......Page 282 CASE 5-1......Page 292 CASE 9-1......Page 293 CASE 13-2......Page 294 Index ......Page 296 Offers accurate coverage of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Pathophysiology content throughout serves as a bridge between normal function and disease. Integrated student-friendly tools include learning objectives, overview boxes, chapter summaries, and clinical cases with questions and explained answers.