Cardiac Output and Regional Flow in Health and Disease (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 138)

Cardiac output has always been a subject of interest to both clinicians and researchers in different branches of medicine and surgery. In the last decade more attention has also been paid to its application in pediatrics, neonatology, fetal medicine and pregnancy. Better understanding of the peripheral circulation has provided more insight into the patholophysiology of different diseases. Many cardiac and non-cardiac disorders affect cardiac outputs. Monitoring of the changes in cardiac output is also important in the acutely ill patient. There are several methods to measure cardiac output, each with advantages and pitfalls. This book deals with all relevant aspects of cardiac output in eight parts: part one describes the methods of measuring cardiac output and a comparison between the catheterisation based and the noninvasive techniques, while part two describes the changes in cardiac output due to physiological causes. Part three describes cardiac output in cardiac diseases and systemic hypertension. Cardiac output in acutely ill patients is discussed in part four. Effect of cardiac medications, temporary atrial pacing, permanent pacing, pharmacologic stress testing and anesthesia are covered in detail in part six, while changes in cardiac output in noncardiac diseases are described in part seven. Finally great attention has been paid in part eight to the regional circulation including cerebral, coronary, skeletal and splanchnic circulations. A separate chapter discusses in detail the dynamics of blood flow. This book will be useful both to the cardiologists as well as to physicians in other fields of surgery and medicine and to their trainees. Readers will find this book an interesting and a useful reference on the topic of cardiac output. Front Matter....Pages i-xv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Determination of cardiac output by invasive methods....Pages 3-29 The use of echo-Doppler cardiography in measuring cardiac output....Pages 31-45 Measurement of cardiac output by magnetic resonance imaging....Pages 47-61 Measurement of cardiac output by nuclear techniques....Pages 63-76 Comparison between the invasive and noninvasive methods....Pages 77-78 Linear cardiac output....Pages 79-81 Front Matter....Pages 83-83 Cardiac output: physiological concepts....Pages 85-88 Cardiac output in athletes and the effect of training....Pages 89-90 Cardiac output during exercise....Pages 91-96 Effect of age on cardiac output....Pages 97-105 Effect of blood rheology on cardiac output....Pages 107-124 Front Matter....Pages 125-125 Cardiac output in coronary artery disease....Pages 127-135 Cardiac output in valvular heart disease....Pages 137-152 Cardiac output in heart failure....Pages 153-168 Cardiac output in systemic hypertension....Pages 169-173 Front Matter....Pages 175-175 Cardiac output in the critically ill surgical patient....Pages 177-194 Cardiac performance and systemic oxygen transport after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery....Pages 195-211 Cardiac output and hemodynamics of septic shock....Pages 213-221 Front Matter....Pages 223-223 Effect of medications on cardiac output....Pages 225-250 Changes in cardiac output during rapid atrial pacing....Pages 251-259 Front Matter....Pages 223-223 The hemodynamics of cardiac pacing....Pages 261-271 Cardiac output and coronary blood flow during pharmacologic stress testing....Pages 273-285 Cardiac output during anesthesia....Pages 287-305 Front Matter....Pages 307-307 Maternal cardiac output in normal and complicated pregnancy....Pages 309-324 Fetal circulation and cardiac output....Pages 325-347 Neonatal cardiac output....Pages 349-364 Front Matter....Pages 365-365 Cardiac output in pulmonary disease....Pages 367-381 Variables affecting cardiac output in endocrine disorders....Pages 383-393 Variables affecting cardiac output in obesity and diabetes....Pages 395-407 Front Matter....Pages 409-409 The coronary circulation....Pages 411-431 Dynamics of blood circulation....Pages 433-467 Skeletal muscle blood flow....Pages 469-478 The splanchnic circulation....Pages 479-504 Blood flow to the limbs....Pages 505-522 Carotid blood flow and pathogenesis of cerebral ischaemia....Pages 523-547 Back Matter....Pages 549-560