نانولوله‌های کربنی برای کاربردهای بیومدیکال و بهداشت و درمان

Recent advancements and research in nanotechnology, biotechnology, materials engineering the applications of nanomaterial are evolving. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and CNT-based systems possess unique chemical, physical, and biological properties that make them good candidates in biomedical applications, but they also have some inherent properties that cause great concern about their biosafety. This volume explores the practical applications of carbon nanotubes in biomedical science and human health. It discusses the synthesis, properties, modification, and recent progress of carbon nanotubes and their applications for biosensing, cancer treatment, antibacterial therapy, tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery, and toxicity. It relays the potential and promise of carbon-based nanomaterials for host of applications while also looking at the challenges in synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials and how to overcome them. Cover Half Title Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications and Healthcare Copyright About the Editors Contents Contributors Abbreviations Preface Part I. Fundamentals 1. Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanotubes Abstract 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Functionalization of CNT 1.2.1 Covalent Functionalization 1.3 Biomedical Applications of CNT 1.3.1 Biosensor 1.3.2 Drug Delivery 1.4 Toxicity of CNT 1.5 Conclusion Acknowledgment Keywords References 2. Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications of CNTs Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Carbon Nanotubes as Biosensors 2.2.1 CNT-Based Biosensors for Protein Biomarkers 2.2.2 CNT-Based Biosensors for Nucleic Acids Biomarkers 2.2.2.1 Microrna 2.3 Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedical Imaging 2.3.1 In Vitro Photoluminescence Imaging 2.3.2 In Vitro Raman Imaging 2.3.3 Swnts for in Vivo Animal Imaging 2.4 Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery 2.5 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2.6 Conclusion Keywords References 3. Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Biomedical Applications Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes 3.2.1 Non-Covalent Functionalization 3.2.2 Covalent Functionalization 3.3 Toxicity of CNT 3.4 Structures 3.4.1 Weight of CNTS 3.4.2 Number of Walls 3.4.3 Length and Diameter of CNT 3.4.4 Effect of Functionalization on Toxicity 3.5 Exploring Carbon Nanotubes for Their Biomedical Applications 3.5.1 Carbon Nanotubes in Tissue Engineering 3.5.2 Carbon Nanotubes in Gene Therapy 3.5.3 Carbon Nanotubes in Protein Delivery 3.5.4 Carbon Nanotubes as Biosensors 3.5.5 CNT Used in Biomedical Imaging 3.5.6 CNTs used as Delivery Carrier for Cancer Therapy Keywords References 4. Application of Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Drug Delivery Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Carbon Nanotubes: an Overview 4.3 Carbon Nanotubes as Drug Delivery System 4.4 Summary Keywords References Part II. Carbon Nanotubes for Medical Diagnosis and Therapy 5. Carbon Nanotubes in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Abstract 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Carbon Nanotubes 5.3 CNT Functionalization 5.3.1 Non-Covalent Functionalization 5.3.2 Covalent Functionalization 5.4 Carbon Nanotubes in Cancer Diagnosis 5.4.1 Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) 5.4.2 Raman Imaging 5.5 Carbon Nanotubes in Cancer Therapy 5.5.1 CNTs in Cancer Chemotherapy 5.5.2 CNTs in Targeted Drug Delivery 5.5.3 CNTs in Thermal Therapy 5.5.4 CNTs in Photothermal Therapy 5.5.5 CNTs in Gene Therapy 5.6 Toxicity of CNTs 5.7 Conclusion Keywords References 6. Carbon Nanotubes: As an Effective Opportunity for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer 7. Carbon Nanotubes: A Novel Approach in Management of Fatal Disease Cancer 8. Carbon Nanotubes: Application in Management of Alzheimer’s Disease Part III. New Horizons in Sensing Technologies, Biomedical Imaging, and Health Care 9. Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrochemical and Optical Biosensors Abstract 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Biosensors 9.3 Optical Biosensors 9.4 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Biosensor 9.5 Electrochemical Biosensors 9.6 Carbon Nanotube as Electrode-Electrochemical Biosensor 9.7 Carbon Nanotube in FET-Based Biosensor 9.8 Applications of Carbon-Based Materials for Virus Detection 9.8.1 Carbon Nanotubes in Human Virus Detection 9.8.2 Role of Carbon Nanotubes in Biosensors 9.8.3 Role of Electrochemical and Electronic CNT-Based Biosensors 9.8.4 CNTs-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Detection and Treatment 9.8.5 Role of Optical CNT-Based Biosensors 9.8.6 Diagnosis of COVID-19 9.8.6.1 Naked Eye Diagnostic Test of COVID-19 Virus 9.8.7 Diagnosis of Dengue Virus 9.8.8 Diagnosis of Influenza Virus 9.8.9 Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 9.8.10 Diagnosis of in Cancer Detection 9.8.10.1 Detection of Lung Cancer 9.8.10.2 Detection of Ovarian Cancer 9.8.10.3 Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Keywords References 10. Role of Carbon Nanotubes in Biosensor Developments 11. Carbon Nanotubes: A Promising Role in Biomedical Imaging 12. Carbon Nanotubes for Bioimaging 13. CNTs as Promising Adsorbents for Wastewater Purification 14. Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications and Health Care: New Horizons Abstract 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Tissue Engineering 14.2.1 Advantages of CNTs in Scaffold Application 14.2.2 Bone Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Medicine 14.2.3 Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Medicine 14.2.4 Nerves Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Medicine 14.2.5 Different Body Part Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Medicine 14.3 Biosensing 14.3.1 Bioreceptors 14.3.1.1 CNTs-Based Enzyme Biosensors 14.3.1.2 CNTs-Based Antibody Biosensors 14.3.1.3 CNTs-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors 14.3.2 Transducers 14.3.2.1 Electrochemical Biosensors 14.3.2.2 CNTs-Based Amperometric Biosensors 14.3.2.3 CNTs-Based Potentiometric Biosensors 14.3.2.4 CNTs-Based Voltametric Biosensors 14.3.2.5 CNTs-Based Impedimetric Biosensors 14.3.3 Optical Biosensors 14.3.3.1 CNTs-Based Fluorescence Biosensors 14.3.3.2 CNTs-Based SPR Biosensors 14.3.4 Field-Effect Transistors Biosensors 14.4 Drug Delivery 14.4.1 Modification of CNTs 14.4.2 Drug Loading Mechanisms 14.4.3 Drug Delivery Mechanism 14.5 Bioimaging 14.5.1 Fluorescence Bioimaging 14.5.2 Raman Imaging 14.5.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 14.5.4 Photoacoustic Imaging 14.6 Toxicity 14.7 Conclusion Keywords References Index