Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins: A Global Synthesis (Global Change - The IGBP Series)

This book is a product of the joint JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study)/LOICZ (Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) Continental Margins Task Team which was established to facilitate continental margins research in the two projects. It contains signi cant information on the physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems of continental margins nationally and regionally and provides a very valuable synthesis of this information and the physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem processes which occur on continental margins. The publication of this book is timely as it provides a very strong foundation for the development of the joint IMBER (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Research)/LOICZ Science Plan and Implemen- tion Strategy for biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins and the impacts of global change on these systems. This initiative will move forward integrated biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins. We thank all the contributors to this volume and especially Kon-Kee Liu who has dedicated a great deal of time to ensuring a high-quality book is published. IMBER Scienti c Steering Committee Julie Hall LOICZ Scienti c Steering Committee Jozef Pacyna v 1 Preface In general, interfaces between the Earth’s larger material reservoirs (i. e. , the land, atmosphere, ocean, and sediments) are important in the control of the biogeoche- cal dynamics and cycling of the major bio-essential elements, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and silicon (Si), found in organic matter and the inorganic skeletons, shells, and tests of benthic and marine organisms. The Book Provides Best Estimates Of Carbon And Nutrient Fluxes In Seven Types Of Continental Margins. In Each Type, These Fluxes Are Reported In Detail Individually For 3-7 Representative Geographic Regions, Each Of Which Is Characterized By Concise Descriptions Of The Physical And Biogeochemical Settings. Drawn From The Regional Synthesis, A Global Synthesis Is Put Together For Carbon Fluxes Exchanged Between Continental Margins As A Whole And The Atmosphere And Between That And The Open Ocean. Global Syntheses On Sediments And Nutrients Discharged To The Ocean From Land Are Also Provided In The Book. To Guide Future Research On Continental Margin Biogeochemistry, The Book Also Elaborates On A Few Critical Themes That Emerged In Recent Years. One Of These Is The Human Impact On The Continental Margin Biogeochemistry, Which Accentuates The Need To Include Human Perturbation Of The System In Future Research. Thus The Book Represents The State-of-the-art Knowledge On The Subject, Which Will Be Needed For All Researchers On Continental Margin Environmental Issues. Part I. Background, Goals And Perspectives: 1. Biogeochemistry Of Continental Margins In A Global Context -- Part Ii. Regional Syntheses: 2. Eastern Boundary Currents -- 3. Western Boundary Currents -- 4. Indian Ocean Margins -- 5. Subpolar Margins -- 6. Polar Margins -- 7. The Marginal Seas -- 8. Tropical Margins -- Part Iii. Arising Issues And New Approaches: 9. Examining Human Impacts On Global Biogeochemical Cycling Via The Coastal Zone And Ocean Margins -- 10. Si Transformations Along The Land-ocean-continuum: Implications For The Global Carbon Cycle -- 11. Submarine Groundwater Discharge And Associated Nutrient Fluxes To The Coastal Ocean -- 12. Coupled Circulation-biogeochemical Models To Estimate Carbon Flux -- Part Iv. Cross Boundary Fluxes, Global Synthesis And Outlook: 13. Cross Boundary Exchanges Of Carbon And Nitrogen In The Marginal Seas -- 14. Carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus Fluxes In The Coastal Zone: The Loicz Approach To Global Assessment -- 15. Sediment And Carbon Accumulation On Continental Shelves -- 16. Global Synthesis -- 17. Global Change And Future Research In Continental Margins -- Appendix: A.1. Data And Information Management For The Cmtt Synthesis -- A.2. Introduction To A Seawifs Chlorophyll Database And An Analysis Tool -- A.3. Supplementary Materials -- A.4. Acronyms And Abbreviations. Kon-kee Liu ... [et Al.] (eds.) ; Preface By Fred T. Mackenzie. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 629-720) And Index. Offers some of the best estimates of carbon and nutrient fluxes in seven types of continental margins. This book provides global syntheses on sediments and nutrients discharged to the ocean from land. It is suitable for researchers on continental margin environmental issues. The book provides best estimates of carbon and nutrient fluxes in seven types of continental margins. In each type, these fluxes are reported in detail individually for 3-7 representative geographic regions, each of which is characterized by concise descriptions of the physical and biogeochemical settings. Drawn from the regional synthesis, a global synthesis is put together for carbon fluxes exchanged between continental margins as a whole and the atmosphere and between that and the open ocean. Global syntheses on sediments and nutrients discharged to the ocean from land are also provided in the book. To guide future research on continental margin biogeochemistry, the book also elaborates on a few critical themes that emerged in recent years. One of these is the human impact on the continental margin biogeochemistry, which accentuates the need to include human perturbation of the system in future research. Thus the book represents the state-of-the-art knowledge on the subject, which will be needed for all researchers on continental margin environmental issues Front Matter....Pages I-XXVIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Biogeochemistry of Continental Margins in a Global Context....Pages 3-24 Eastern Boundary Current Systems....Pages 25-120 Western Boundary Currents....Pages 121-169 Indian Ocean Margins....Pages 171-210 Subpolar Margins....Pages 211-287 Polar Margins....Pages 289-330 Marginal Seas....Pages 331-421 Tropical Margins....Pages 423-493 Front Matter....Pages 495-495 Examining Human Impacts on Global Biogeochemical Cycling Via the Coastal Zone and Ocean Margins....Pages 497-514 Biogeochemical Transformations of Silicon Along the Land–Ocean Continuum and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle 1 ....Pages 515-527 Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) and Associated Nutrient Fluxes to the Coastal Ocean....Pages 529-538 Coupled Circulation/Biogeochemical Models to Estimate Carbon Flux 1 ....Pages 539-558 Front Matter....Pages 559-559 Cross-Boundary Exchanges of Carbon and Nitrogen in Continental Margins 1 ....Pages 561-574 Carbon–Nitrogen–Phosphorus Fluxes in the Coastal Zone: The LOICZ Approach to Global Assessment....Pages 575-586 Sediment and Carbon Accumulation on Continental Shelves 1 ....Pages 587-596 Global Synthesis 1 ....Pages 597-615 Back Matter....Pages 617-741 Providing the best estimates of carbon and nutrient fluxes in seven types of continental margins, this book also contains a global synthesis for carbon and nutrient fluxes between continental margins, the atmosphere and ocean; and between land and ocean