Capitalism and Its Economics : A Critical History

内容简介 · · · · · · 'Addresses some of the most crucial questions of the current era...Dowd brings formidable qualities to this challenging task. An impressive achievement.' Noam Chomsky 'This is a work of enlightenment that will be intelligible to students and non-economists.' Edward S. Herman This classic book is an ideal introduction to economic thought and the dominance of capitalism, ideal for students of economic theory and history. Now thoroughly revised and updated, this new edition includes a new preface and an additional chapter by the author. Analysing the relationship between economic thought and capitalism from 1750 to the present, Douglas Dowd examines the dynamic interaction of two processes: the historical realities of capitalism and the evolution of economic theory. He demonstrates that the study of economics celebrates capitalism in ways that make it necessary to classify economic science as pure ideology. A thoroughly modern history, this book shows how economics has become ideology. A radical critic of capitalism, Dowd surveys its detrimental impact across the globe and throughout history. The book includes biographical sketches and brief analyses of the major proponents and critics of capitalism throughout history, including Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, Rosa Luxemburg, John Maynard Keynes, Paul Samuelson, Milton Friedman, and Eric Hobsbawm. Contents Preface Prologue What Has Capitalism Done For Us? To Us? The Dynamics of Capitalist Development Capitalis's nature and nurture The heart of the matter: expansion and exploitation Oligarchic rule? What exploitation? 'Trade and the flag': Which follows which? In sum The Sociology of Economic Theory 'The economy' Objectivity and neutrality What should economists be expected to do? Part I: 1750 –1945 1. Birth: The Industrial Revolution and Classical Political Economy, 1750-1850 The Start of Something Big Why Britain took the lead Commodification as revolution The State: Now You See It, Now You DonTMt Emperor Cotton Hell on earth Industrialism in the Saddle The Brains Trust Adam Smith fiInvisible handfl or fiinvisible fistfl? David Ricardo The gospel of free trade Abstract theory versus earthy realities Jean- Baptiste Say Depression is impossible Thomas Robert Malthus Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill And Karl Marx 2. Maturation: Global Capitalismand Neoclassical Economics: 1850-1914 And British Industry Shall Rule the World: For a While Politics, the accumulation of capital, and the industrial revolution The Second Industrial Revolution Industrialization at the gallop The Pandor's box of imperialism The United States The importance of being lucky Big, bigger, biggest Germany Prussian political economy German science and technology The nation with two faces A Digression on the Casting of Stones Japan Arise, Ye Prisoners of Starvation! Don' waste any time in mourning. Organize Socialist movements in Europe And the United States? Japan and Germany (again) A Place in the Sun The rat race begins – And speeds up – Then explodes Economists in Wonderland fiLet us now assume Recipes for absurdities Counter- attack: Karl Marx The social process The dynamics of nineteenth- century capitalist development And Thorstein Veblen Human beings versus the system 3. Death Throes: Chaos, War, Depression, War Again; Economics in Disarray, 1914 45 The War to End All Wars - But That Didn't Messy world, neat economics As You Sow, So Shall You Reap War's unwholesome economic fruits The United States Germany Japan The Soviet Union The premature revolution Forced industrialization Fascist Italy The first working class? Antonio Gramsci The future casts its shadow The Big One The bitter with the better The bumpy road down Global contagion A tragedy of errors New brooms don't always sweep clean New Deal Better late than never Unions Housing Social security Nazi Germany Through a glass darkly Waste Land Apocalypse now Economics: Almost Out With the Old, Almost In With the New The old stamping grounds John Bates Clark Irving Fisher Joan Robinson I Turning the earth John Maynard Keynes Alvin Hansen Joan Robinson II Joseph A. Schumpeter Part II: 1945 –2000 4. Resurrection: Global Economy II and its Crisis; Hopeful Stirrings in Economics: 1945-75 The Best of Times Œ For Some, For a While The Big Six Behemoth Capitalism Unbound From the Ashes Arising Rescue Rebuilding Modernization fiCry Havoc! And let slip the dogs of warfl fiExcessive vigilance in the defense of freedom is no crimefl BIG Business The giants feed As a matter of fact Superstates All Together Now: Shop! And Borrow! The consciousness industry Consumerism as a social disease The family and politics Stagflation: The Monster with Two Heads Toward the new world order Economics on a Seesaw Post- Keynesian economics Radical political economy Up with the old 5. New World Order: Globalization and Financialization; and Decadent Economics, 1975-2000 Introduction and Retrospect Monopoly Capitalism II Giants Roaming the Earth The waltz of the toreadors TNCs of the world, unite! Media/ telecommunications Petroleum 'The new economy' - Who benefits, and who pays? Wall Street Wages and hours Lean and mean Fat and mean The SuperstateTMs New Masters The World as CapitalTMs Oyster The Triumph of Spectronic Finance The little old lady of Threadneedle Street and her offspring fiIs the United States Building a Debt Bomb?fl The addicted consumer And so? The Media: Amusing Ourselves to Death For Shame! Epilogue Introduction: Economic Growth as Icon The Case for Growth The Tossicodipendente Global Economy The theater of the absurd and the obscene Honk, if you need a gas mask Global Economy III: Today, the World Democracy: the challenge met Orwell revisited The political economy of corruption From Bad to Worse Hong Kong Singapore South Korea Taiwan The eleventh commandment: export! Needs and Possibilities and New Directions Politics and understanding Structural changes Notes PROLOGUE CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 EPILOGUE Bibliography Index Adams, Walter and Brock, James 284n.4 Advertising 156-7 193 206 281n.35 alienation 42 Allen, G.C. 240n.48 arbitrage [global, taxes, environment] 182 Arendt, Hannah 232n.50 Ashworth, William 34 228n.34 230n.42 242n.58 277n.10 Asian crisis 209 295n.25 automobiles 201 204-5 Bain, Joe S. 280n.24 283n.44 Baran, Paul 84 89 111 156-7 164 245n.72 275n.1 281.n.35 Belgium 78 247n.81 Bennett 176-8 286n.16 Bentham, Jeremy 4 25 38-40 Berle, Adolph and Means, Gardiner 279n.21 Berlin to Baghdad Railway 79 Bernays, Edward l. 206 294n.15 big business 55-7 142-3 151-3 172 197 227n.25 238n.28 291n.47 Bismarck, Otto von 74-5 238n.34 Bitter Rice 258n.28 Blackburn, Robin 222n.25 Block, Fred 277n.7 Boesky, Ivan 284n.5 Boggs, Carl 260n.33 Bowden, Witt, et al. 69 100 233n.1 242n.58 244n.70 247n.81 248n.85 257n.19 Boxer, C.R. 232n.4 233n.5 Brady, Robert A. 59 60 62 98 221n.23 238n.35 240n.48 258n.28 264n.59 266n.67 Braudel, Fernand 216n.1 Braverman, Harry 164 Brebner, J.B. 230n.42 Brecht, Bertold and Weill, Kurt 264n.60 Bumpers, Sen. Dale 208 295n.23 business cycles 34-5 138 162 228n.34 275n.102 Business Week 18 188-91 285n.12 286n.16 Cabaret 257n.15 266n.64 Cambridge circus 273n.94 Cammett, John M. 260n.33-4 capacity utilization 111 271n.88 capitalism beginnings 4 beginnings 10 and accumulation 5-6 and political democracy 7-8 laissez-faire 22 laissez-faire 128 laissez-faire 165 laissez-faire 226n.18 laissez-faire 271n.88 Carey, Alexander 206 294n.14 Carroll, Lewis 248n.88 cartels 57 Catholic Church 104 259n.29 century of peace 234n.12 CEO incomes 180 Chamberlin, Edward 268n.74 Chartists 27 40 Chesterton, G.K. 295n.21 children 158 194 282n.37 China 106-7 cholera 229n.39 Chomsky, Noam 240n.47 288n.31 civil war [Spain] 102 258n.25 civil war [USA] 52-3 Clark, G.N. 220n.17 Clark, J.M. 162 249n.93 Clark, John Bates 126 249n.93 cliometrics 225n.17 Cockroft, James D., et al 261n.39 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste 220n.18 Cold War 103 123 145 147-51 267n.71 276n.5 Cole, G.D.H. 225n.15 229n.39 colonialism 24 220n.17 commodification 20 Communist Manifesto 4-5 43-4 232n.52-3 competition 227n.23 competitive model 84-5. 267n.73 Conrad, Joseph 247n.81 consumerism, consumption 84 110-11 155-6 158-9 190-1 201-5 Cordell, Alexander 225n.15 Corn Laws 32 corporate counterattack 7 corruption 208 295n.21 Crash [of 1929] 110 Cumings, Bruce 278n.12 Cypher, James C. 191 284n.3 288n.35 Daly, Herman and Cobb, John B. Jr. 296n.30 de Castro, Josué 229n.37 de Gaulle, Charles 228n.18 261n.40 debt 110 157 188-9 205 282n.36 285n.6 288n.32-6 democracy 206-7 depression 34-5 108ff. 228n.34 262n.44 derivatives 184 287n.27 Dillard, Dudley 270n.8 Dobb, Maurice 50 234n.10 257n.21 downsizing, outsourcing 176 286n.16 Du Boff, Richard 7 57 161 168 219n.14 262n.46 277n.11 282n.41 284n.6 285n.6 dual economy 109 262n.46 Duus, Peter 65 241n.49 Economic growth 199-202 Economic Report of the President 287n.24 economic thought and theory 12 and abstract theory 33 and abstract theory 197 and utility 38-9 classical political economy 44 classical political economy 82 methodology 12-15 methodology 81-2 microeconomics 83-6 neoclassical economics 39 neoclassical economics 81-6 neoclassical economics 124-5 neoclassical economics 197-8 objectivity and neutrality 15 economic ["vertical"] 5-6 11 141 220n.21 geographic ["horizontal"] 6 geographic ["horizontal"] 9 Edwards, Richard et al. 64 283n.46 Eichner, Alfred S. 163 283n.43 Einstein, Albert 195 231n.47 290n.43 Eisenberg, Carolyn 278n.12 Eisenhower, Dwight 278n.12 Eliot, T.S. 217n.6 enclosure movement 21 217n.7 Engels, Friedrich 4 218n.19 225n.15 Ensenzberger, Hans Magnus 33 equilbrium 125 134-5 European Union 187-8 Ewen, Stuart 284n.35 294n.14 exploitation 5 8-9 88-9 175 export-based economies 27 210-11 296n.26 Fanon, Frantz 242n.59 farming 115-16 224n.29 fascism 95-6 99 102-3 118ff. 235n.20 244n.70 258n.27 259n.29 Federal Reserve System 186-7 287n.29 Feis, Herbert 242n.58 finance 47 131-2 161 179-81 183-88 234n.8 Finnegan, William 247n.82 265n.63 Fisher, Irving 107 126 268n.78 Fortune [500] 9 152 172 227n.25 280n.25 285n.8 France 20 and fascism 244n.70 Frank, André Gunder 261n.35 free trade 31 198 Friedman, Milton 50 165-6 226n.22 284n.49 Frumkin, Gregory 267n.70 Fussell, Paul 254n.41 Gans, Herbert J. 230n.41 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [GATT] 146 George, Susan 277n.7 Germany 54 57-62 74-5 235n.19 and depression 262n.45 and World War I 98 and World War I 256n.12-15 concentrationcamps 121 concentrationcamps 266n.66 division of 277n.12 ersatz 61 Junkers 58 Junkers 238n.34 Nazi Germany 118ff. science and technology 59-60 science and technology 239n.38 socialism 74-5 socialism 120-1 socialism 239n.42 socialism 245n.75 socialism 266n.65 Gerschenkron, Alexander 257n.15 Gilder, George 227n.26 Ginzberg, Eli 226n.19 globalization 106-7 113 after World War II 145-9 after World War II 276n.6 since 178-9 since 182-8 since 198-9 since 205 since 284n.3 Goldsmith, Oliver 223n.4 Goldwater, Sen. Barry 150 Gordon, David M. 178 286n.17 Gordon, Robert A. 262n.48 Gould, Stephen Jay 231n.47 Gramsci, Antonio 104-6 165 213-14 245n.73 260n.33-6 283n.48 Great Britain as first industrial capitalist nation 19 and child labor 69 and cities 70 and colonialism 224n.13 and health 71 and health 244n.67 and socialism 41 and socialism 231n.48 and the industrial revolution 23-5 and workers' lifespans 224n.8 and workers' organization 70-1 and workers' organization 244n.68 Greider, William 176 182 189 286n.15 287n.22 295 Gross, Bertram 267n.72 Gurley, John 252n.105 Hahnel, Robin 286n.15 Hamilton, Alexander 33-4 Hammond, J.L. and Barbara 25 223n.4 224n.11 243n.66 Handlin, Oscar 236n.23 Hansen, Alvin 132-3 272n.91-2 Heckscher, Eli 220n.18 hedonism 91 hegemony 105 260n.34 Henderson, W.O. 22 223n.6 239n.36 Herman, Edward S. 299n.39 Hess, John 22n.38 Hill, Christopher 222n.2 Hill, Joe 243n.60 Hoare, Quinton and Smith, G.N. 260n.33 Hobsbawm, E.J. 17 24 27 70 223n.4 225n.15 228n.29 233n.3 240n.43 243n.66 245n.76 Hobson, J.A. 76 Hoffman, R.J.S. 239n.43-4 homo economicus 29 226n.20 Hoover, Herbert 113 hostile takeover 171 285n.6 housing 117 264n.58 290n.46 Hunt, E.K. 197-8 222n.25 228n.33 252n.105 268n.76 284n.50 291n.48 Huxley, Aldous 206 Ignatieff, Michael 158 imperialism 41 49-50 76-80 income distribution 39-41 128-31 176 270n.86 282.41 India 13 224n.9 261n.39 industrialization Great Britain 49 German 57-62 Japanese 64-8 second industrial revolution 48-9 inflation 96 98 160 256n.10 282n.40 institutional economics 288n.51 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [IBRD, World Bank] 146 211 296n.28 International Monetary Fund [IMF] 146 211 276n.6 292n.7 296n.28 invisible hand 30 Italy 30 103-6 258n.28 259n.29 261n.38 293n.12 Japan 64-8 74 78 98 122 147-8 Journal of Economic Issues 284n.51 Kalecki, Michal 273n.94 Kamikaze 257n.17 Kemp, Tom 234n.11 246n.76 Kennan, George 265n.62 278n.12 Kennedy, Paul 267n.70 Keynes, John Maynard 10-11 37-8 79-80 117-32 186 217n.5 245n.76 248n.86 254n.2 268n. Knight, F.H. 220n.17 284n.50 Knight, M.M. 220n.17 256n.9 Kolko, Gabriel 72 Kolko, Joyce 280n.28 Korea 277n.12 Kuttner, Robert 284n.1 Laski, Harold 258n.27 Latourette, Kenneth Scott 241n.51 Left Business Observer 288n.34 296n.29 Lekachman, Robert 270n.87 Lenin, V.I. 76 100-1 leveraged buyout 171 284n.5 Levi, Carlo 261n.38 Levi, Primo 261n.38 Lewis, W. Arthur 96 109 228n.34 255n.7-8 263n.52 List, Friedrich 58 228n.32 235n.19 238n.33 Livingston, Joe Moore, et al. 240n.48 lobbyists 23 208 295n.22 Lockwood, William 74 245n.74 Lombardi, Vince 291n.1 Los Angeles 293n.11 Luddites 71 243n.65 Luxemburg, Rosa 76 264n.61 Madrick, Jeffrey 4 200-1 211 292n.3 Magdoff, Harry 164 Malraux, André 261n.40 Malthus, Thomas Robert 4 35-8 229n.35-6 Mandel, Ernest 280n.27 Mander, Jerry 294n.17 Mannheim, Karl 221n.22 Mantoux, Paul 217n.7 223n.4 Marshall Plan 146 277n.7 Marshall, Alfred 124-5 249n.90 Marx, Karl 4 6 8 10 15 32 42-4 86-90 182 212 218n.10 219n.13 228n.30 248n.8 mass production 26 54 236n.24 237n.27 Mathias, Peter 244n.15 McCarthy[ism], Sen. Joseph 150 165 206-7 279n.16 284n.49 McChesney, Robert W. 7 41 44 216n.3 281n.35 289n.38 290n.39 media 156 192-5 281n.33 289n.38 Melman, Seymour 279n.14 mercantilism 29 220n.17 233n.6 mergers and acquisitions 142 151-2 171-4 192-3 Meszaros, Istvan 224n.9 military expenditures 6 149 277n.8 292n.5 Milken, Michael 284n.5 Mill, John Stuart 4 40-2 230n.42 231n.46 Mills, C. Wright 222n.25 Minsky, Hyman 191 270n.87 Mintz, Morton and Cohen, Jerry S. 276n.3 Mitchell, Broadus 262n.44 Mitchell, Wesley Clair 162 monetarism 187 monopoly capitalism 89-90 141-3 Monthly Review 295n.21 Morgenstern, Gretchen 289n.36 Multilateral Agreement on Investment [MAI] 187 288n.30 multinational/transnational corporations [MNCs/TNCs] 28 152-3 164 172-3 181 185 193 198 Mumford, Lewis 293n.11 Munich 122 National Recovery Act 114-15 263n.56 nationalism 245n.76 Nef, John U. 20 233n.7 neocolonialism 211 Netherlands 46-8 New Deal 115ff. new economy 171-5 New Left 164 283n.47 New York Times 12 285n.10 288n.33 289n.36 290n.46 293n.13 295n.23 Nordholdt, W. Schulte 240n.46 Norman, E.H. 66 North American Free Trade Agreement [NAFTA] 187 288n.30 North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO] 146 O'Connor, James 154 280n.30 Oglesby, Carl 257n.22 oligarchic rule 6-8 oligopoly 163 283n.44 Ollman, Bertell 218n.1 231n.49 252n.105 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries [OPEC] 160 Orwell, George 206 Osberg, Lars 280n.32 Owen, Robert 243n.60 Parry, J.H. 233n.4 Perry, Admiral Matthew 65 Phillips, Kevin 26 183-4 285n.13 287n.23 295n.22 Piven, Frances Fox and Cloward, Richard 230n.40 Polanyi, Karl 223n.4 Poor Laws 36 post-Keynesians 133 162-4 196 283n.43-5 Postman, Neil 194 206 290n.42 poverty 155 203 280n.32 292n.7 Power, Eileen 224n.12 principle of comparative advantage 33 profits 8 84 183 219n.16 public relations/propaganda 205-6 294n.14-16 public transportation 204 293n.10 Puritan Revolution 20 Reagan, Ronald 165 Reed, John 257n.20 Remarque, Erich Maria 254n.4 rent 32 228n.30 Ricardo, David 4 31-4 39 88 198 227n.28 Rima, Ingrid H. 75 268n.74 Robbins, Sir Lionel 83 Robinson, Joan 126-7 133-5 268n.74 273n.93-5 274n.96 Rogin, Leo 13 221n.25 Roll, Eric 40 228n.32 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 113-15 263n.57 Rousseas, Stephen 163 283n.45 Salvemini, Gaetano 259n.29 savings and loan scandals 184 Say, Jean-Baptiste 34-5 118 130 227n.27 228n.33 scarcity 83 Schiller, Herbert 164 Schmidt, Carl 259n.29 Schumpeter, Elizabeth Boody 274n.97 Schumpeter, Joseph A. 76-7 80 82 135-8 217n.4 246n.79 274n.97-100 275n.101-3 Schwartz, Jesse 222n.25 Scitovsky, Tibor 281n.34 Sen, Amartya 216n.2 229n.37 seven deadly sins 29 226n.21 Sherman, Howard 282n.39 Silone, Ignazio 261n.38 Sismondi, J.C. 219n.13 skinheads 265n.63 Sklar, Holly 286n.18 slavery 51-2 64 240n.46 Smith, Adam 3 14-16 28-31 220n.17 Snell, Bradford 204 293n.10 Soule, George 262n.44 Soviet Union 99-103 Allied intervention 101-2 Allied intervention 257n.22 Bolshevik revolution 95 Bolshevik revolution 100-1 speculation 107 184-6 270n.86 sports utility vehicles 205 293n.13 stagnation and stagflation 133 154 159-60 272n.92 Stalin, Joseph 101-2 State power, "superstate" 21-3 154-5 180-4 Stavrianos, L.S. 248n.84 Stiglitz, Joseph E. 250n.95 291n.50 296n.28 stock ownership 192 289n.37 Stone, I.F. 295n.21 Stretton, Hugh 196 213 290n.45-6 291n.1 Sudan 247n.82 supervisory workers 178-80 Sweezy, Paul 89 111 164 245n.72 246n.79 274n.97 275n.12 syndicated loans 188 288n.33 Tanzer, Michael 277n.7 tautology 38-9 230n.43 Tawney, R.H. 13 164-5 221n.24 223n.3 taxation 155 176 280n.71 285n.13 technology 54 178 195 television 193-5 206 290n.41 294n.17 Thatcher, Margaret 165 The Great War 260n.31 The Organizer 258n.28 Thompson, E.P. 225n.16 Totten, George O. III 245n.74 trade deficit 277n.9 transportation 26 48-49 Tucker, Robert C. 260n.34 Turgeon, Lynn 278n.13 291n.41 Tye, Larry 294n.15 UN Human Development Report 203 243n.9 UNICEF 216n.2 unionism 73-4 117 and fascism 144 and fascism 276n.44 and World War I 97 and World War I 256n.11 in 262n.43 unemployment 109 unemployment 111 unemployment 263n.50 United States 51-7 big business 30 big business 55-7 big business 237n.29 developmental advantages 53 immigration 54 immigration 236n.23 imperialism 22 imperialism 53-9 imperialism 78-9 imperialism 236n.21 imperialism 248n.83 import surplus 235n.16 mass production 54 utility 38-9 230n.43 Veblen, Thorstein 29 52 54 56 66-8 71 75 76 84 90-3 222n.25 235n.18 237n.26 Versailles Treaty 121 266n.67 Vietnam 278n.12 Von Hayek, Friedrich 284n.50 Von Mises, Ludgwig 284n50 Vulture Capitalism 211 296n.29 Wall Street 175 war contracts 279n.19 Washington Post 285n.11 286n.18 Waste 83 203 292n.8 Webb, Sidney 27 Wharton, Edith 250n.97 Williams, William A. 78 218n.10 236n.21 248n.83 Wilson, Woodrow 7 206 Wirth, Greg 296n.29 Wittner, Lawrence 278n.12 women 250n.97 World Trade Organization [WTO] 146 World War I 79-81 94-6 World War II 122-3 144 aftermath 144-5 Wright, Ronald 240n.97 296n.27 Young, Marilyn 278n.12 Zaibatsu 54 66 74 242n.53 zollverein 58 238n.2 Annotation Written by a maverick in the world of alternative economics, this book is a critical history of the relationship between economic thought and capitalism from 1750 to the present day. The book examines the dynamic interaction of two processes: the historical realities of capitalism and the evolution of economic theory. As Dowd demonstrates, the study of economics celebrates capitalism in ways which make it necessary to classify economic science as pure ideology. A thoroughly modern history, this book shows how economics has become ideology. A radical critic of capitalism, Dowd surveys its detrimental impact across the globe and throughout history. The book includes biographical sketches and brief analyses of the major proponents and critics of capitalism throughout history, including Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, Rosa Luxemburg, John Maynard Keynes, Paul Samuelson, Milton Friedman, and Eric Hobsbawm. Analysing the relationship between economic thought and capitalism from 1750 to the present, Douglas Dowd examines the dynamic interaction of two processes: the historical realities of capitalism and the evolution of economic theory. He demonstrates that the study of economics celebrates capitalism in ways that make it necessary to classify economic science as pure ideology. A thoroughly modern history, this book shows how economics has become ideology. A radical critic of capitalism, Dowd surveys its detrimental impact across the globe and throughout history. The book includes biographical sketches and brief analyses of the major proponents and critics of capitalism throughout history, including Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, Rosa Luxemburg, John Maynard Keynes, Paul Samuelson, Milton Friedman, and Eric Hobsbawm. This new edition includes a new preface and an additional chapter by the author. Birth: The Industrial Revolution And Classical Political Economy, 1750-1850 -- Maturation; Global Capitalism And Neoclassical Economics, 1950-1914 -- Death Throes: Chaos, War, Depression, War Again; Economics In Disarray, 1914-1945 -- Resurrection: Global Economy Ii An Its Crisis; Hopeful Stirrings In Economics, 1945-75 -- New World Order: Globalization And Financialization; And Decadent Economics, 1975-2000 -- The Unfolding Crisis Of The Twenty-first Century. Douglas Dowd. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [301]-316) And Index.