Cancer and Aging: From Bench to Clinics (Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology and Geriatrics, Vol. 38)

Cancer is clearly an age-related disease. Recent research in both aging and cancer has demonstrated the complex interaction between the two phenomena. This affects a wide spectrum of research and practice, anywhere from basic research to health care organization. Core examples of these close associations are addressed in this book. Starting with basic research, the first chapters cover cancer development, mTOR inhibition, senescent cells altering the tumor microenvironment, and immune senescence affecting cancer vaccine response. Taking into account the multidisciplinarity of geriatric oncology, several chapters focus on geriatric and oncologic aspects in patient assessment, treatment options, nursing and exercise programs. The book is rounded off by a discussion on the impact of the metabolic syndrome illustrating the interactions between comorbidity and cancer and a chapter on frailty. This book provides the reader with insights that will hopefully foster his or her reflection in their own research and practice to further the development of this most exciting field. Given the aging of the population worldwide and the high prevalence of cancer, it is essential reading not only for oncologists and geriatricians but for all health practitioners. Cover 1 Front Matter 4 Contents 6 Preface 8 Chronic Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Inhibition: Preventing Cancer to Delay Aging, or Vice Versa? 10 Abstract 10 A Potential Approach? 12 TOR, Aging and Cancer 14 Rapamycin – A Pro- Longevity Drug That Mimics Diet Restriction – Or Does It? 15 Potential Mechanisms of Rapamycin Effects on Mammalian Lifespan and Cancer 16 Tumor Immune Surveillance, mTOR and Effects of Rapamycin 17 The Promise of mTOR Inhibitors in the Clinic 19 Final Thoughts 21 Acknowledgements 22 References 22 Senescent Cells and Their Secretory Phenotype as Targets for Cancer Therapy 26 Abstract 26 Cancer and Aging 26 Cellular Senescence during Aging 27 Cellular Senescence and Tumor Suppression 27 Cellular Senescence and Tumor Promotion and Progression 28 Cellular Senescence and Cancer Therapy 30 Conclusions 33 References 34 Cancer Vaccination at Older Age 37 Abstract 37 Decreased Immune Responses in Elderly 38 Decreased Immune Responses in Cancer Patients 39 Improvement of Cancer Vaccination at Old Age in Preclinical Models 41 Concluding Remarks 42 References 45 Immunology of Aging and Cancer Development 47 Abstract 47 Does the Immune System Play a Role in the Prevention of Tumorigenesis? 48 What Is Immunosenescence? 49 What Could Be the Link between Immunosenescence and Cancer? 51 Is There an Efficient Way to Restore the Immune Response with Aging? 54 Conclusion 54 Acknowledgements 55 References 55 Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer: From Bedside to Bench and Back 58 Abstract 58 From Bedside to Bench 59 From Bench to Bedside 63 Conclusions 65 References 65 Frailty: A Common Pathway in Aging and Cancer 70 Abstract 70 Aging, Cancer, and Frailty 70 Clinical Definition of Frailty 71 Frailty and Cancer 78 References 79 Targeting Age-Related Changes in the Biology of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Is the Patient Seeing the Progress? 82 Abstract 82 What Is AML? 83 Biological Specificities of AML in the Elderly 84 Host- Disease Interactions in Elderly AML 86 Treatment Options for Elderly Patients with AML 88 How Can We Stratify Elderly Patients with AML? 89 Have the Patients Seen the Progress? 90 References 91 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Oncology 94 Abstract 94 Components of Geriatric Assessment 95 Risk Stratification 102 Are Shorter Screening Tools for Geriatric Impairment Available for Oncology Clinics? 104 Moving Forward Utilizing CGA to Improve Outcomes of Older Cancer Patients 106 Conclusion 107 References 107 Pharmacology of Aging and Cancer: How Useful Are Pharmacokinetic Tests? 113 Abstract 113 Background 113 Should We Study Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Older Patients? 114 Alkylating Agents 115 Platinum Compounds 118 Antimicrotubule Agents (Spindle Poisons) in Elderly Cancer Patients 120 Purine Analogues 123 Camptothecins 124 Conclusion 125 References 126 Surgery in Older Cancer Patients – Recent Results and New Techniques: Worth the Investment? 133 Abstract 133 Preoperative Decision-Making 133 Outcome Reports 135 Postoperative Complications 136 Alternatives to Surgery 137 Education and Training 138 References 138 Organizing the Geriatrician/Oncologist Partnership: One Size Fits All? Practical Solutions 141 Abstract 141 The Shortage of Oncologists and Geriatricians 142 Current Partnerships in Geriatrics and Oncology 143 Building a Program That Integrates Geriatrics and Oncology 144 Filling the Educational Gap 146 Conclusion 146 References 147 Geriatric Oncology Nursing: Beyond Standard Care 148 Abstract 148 Geriatric Oncology Nursing: Beyond Standard Care 148 Multidisciplinary Team 149 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment 150 Patient and Family Education 151 Patient and Family Advocate 151 Nursing Research in Geriatric Oncology 152 Conclusions 153 References 153 Exercise for Older Cancer Patients: Feasible and Helpful? 155 Abstract 155 Older Adults Are at Risk for Functional Decline after a Cancer Diagnosis 156 Impact of Cancer Treatment on Physical Health and Well-Being 156 Rationale for Exercise to Improve Physical Health and Well-Being 157 Benefits of Exercise in Non-Cancer Elderly Populations 158 Exercise for Cancer Survivors 158 Exercise in Older Cancer Patients – Rationale Is Strong but Evidence Is Lacking 159 Unique Challenges for Older Adults 163 Conclusion 164 References 164 Aging and Cancer – Addressing a Nation’s Challenge 167 Abstract 167 Health Policy in Oncogeriatrics in France 168 Lessons from the Pilot Phase 168 Requirement Specifications of an Oncogeriatric Coordination Unit for the Next 3 Years 169 Geriatric Assessment 171 Conclusion 172 References 172 Author Index 174 Subject Index 175 Back Cover 179 Chronic mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition: preventing cancer to delay aging, or vice versa? -- Sharp, Z. D., Curiel, T. J., Livi, C. Senescent cells and their secretory phenotype as targets for cancer therapy -- Velarde, M. C., Demaria, M., Campisi, J. Cancer vaccination at older age -- Gravekamp, C. Immunology of aging and cancer development -- Fulop, T. [et al.] Metabolic syndrome and cancer : from bedside to bench and back -- Extermann, M. Frailty: a common pathway in aging and cancer -- Balducci, L. Targeting age-related changes in the biology of acute myeloid leukemia: is the patient seeing the progress? -- Vey, N. Comprehensive geriatric assessment in oncology -- Mohile, S.G., Magnuson, A. Pharmacology of aging and cancer: how useful are pharmacokinetic tests? -- Lichtman, S. M. Surgery in older cancer patients - recent results and new techniques: worth the investment? -- Van Leeuwen, B. L., Huisman, M. G., Audisio, R. A. Organizing the geriatrician/oncologist partnership: one size fits all? practical solutions -- Holmes, H. M., Albrand, G. Geriatric oncology nursing: beyond standard care -- Overcash, J. Exercise for older cancer patients: feasible and helpful? -- Klepin, H. D., Mohile, S. G., Mihalko, S. Aging and cancer - addressing a nation's challenge-- Brochot, J.-M., Le Quellec-Nathan, M., Buzyn, A. "This book provides the reader with insights that will hopefully foster his or her reflection in their own research and practice to further the development of this most exciting field. Given the aging of the population worldwide and the high prevalence of cancer, it is essential reading not only for oncologists and geriatricians but for all health practitioners."--Publisher