Canadian Defence Policy in Theory and Practice, Volume 2 (Canada and International Affairs)

This edited volume, the second volume in this collection, provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary debates and issues in Canadian defence policy studies. The contributors examine topics including sexual misconduct and the crisis of defence culture, personnel retention in the CAF, the impacts of climate change, NORAD modernization, policy trade-offs in the wake of the war in Ukraine, defence spending, procurement, as well as the defence policy making process. Acknowledgements 6 Contents 8 List of Contributors 10 Acronyms 12 List of Figures 14 List of Tables 16 Introduction 17 Key Trends 18 Plan of the Book 23 Sexual Misconduct and the Crisis of Defence Culture 24 Defining and Collecting Data on MSV 26 Zero Tolerance Statements 29 Defining Cases and Policy Evolution Related to MSV 30 Defining Cases and Zero Tolerance Statements 31 Department of National Defence Internal Survey and Human Rights Complaints 32 1998: Maclean’s Magazine Feature Article 33 2010: Colonel Russell Williams Scandal 33 2013–2017 34 From 2019 to Present 36 2019: MSV Class Action Lawsuit 36 2019: R. v. Beaudry Settled 36 2021: Two Chief of the Defence Staffs and Other Senior Leaders Accused of MSV 37 Conclusion 38 Notes 40 References 41 Canadian Armed Forces Reconstitution: The Critical Role of Personnel Retention 44 Does the CAF Has a Retention Problem? 45 Types of Turnover and Retention 46 Organizational Commitment 47 Multifaceted Nature of Retention 47 Interface Between Recruitment and Retention 49 Generational and Cohort Considerations 49 Component Perspective: Retention in the Regular and Reserve Forces 51 Occupational Considerations in the Context of Military Service 51 Individual Demographic Differences 52 Military Families and Their Role in CAF Retention 53 Military Retention Strategies and Initiatives 54 Retention on Two Fronts: Omnibus and Targeted Retention Strategies 55 Conclusion 57 Notes 57 References 60 Climate Insecurity and Canadian Defence 66 Studying Canadian Defence, Security, and Climate Change 68 Governing Canadian Defence, Security, and Climate Change 72 Climate Change and Canadian Defence 74 Conclusion 77 Notes 79 References 81 NORAD Modernization: Past, Present and Future 89 NORAD Modernization and the New Threat Environment 91 The Current State and Parameters of NORAD Modernization 94 Structural and Political Implications of NORAD Modernization 100 Conclusion 103 Notes 103 References 107 Canada’s Defence Policy Trade-Offs 110 Strategic Competition Today 112 Conceptualizing Trade-Offs 115 Choices and Capabilities 118 Conclusion 121 Notes 122 References 123 The Defence Budget 126 Defence Budgeting and Spending in Canada 127 The Implementation of SSE 129 SSE and Beyond 132 Budget 2022 133 NORAD Modernization: Trudeau’s Defence Policy, Part 2 138 Budget 2023 140 Conclusion 142 Notes 143 References 144 Defence Policy and Procurement Costs: The Case for Pessimism Bias 146 Defence Policy and Procurement in Theory 147 The Reality of Defence Policy and Procurement 149 Policy and Procurement Costing 154 Conclusion 159 Notes 161 References 161 The Making of Defence Policy in Canada 164 The 2005 Defence Policy Statement 165 2017: Strong, Secure, Engaged 172 Defence Policy Making in Canada 177 Notes 181 References 182