Cambridge handbook of psychology, health, and medicine

Книга Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and MedicineКниги Медицина Автор: Susan Ayers, Andrew Baum, Chris McManus, Stanton Newman, Kenneth Wallston, John Weinman, Robert West Год издания: 2007 Формат: pdf Издат.:Cambridge University Press Страниц: 968 Размер: 9,3 ISBN: 0521879973 Язык: Английский0 (голосов: 0) Оценка:Health psychology is a rapidly expanding discipline at the interface of psychology and clinical medicine. This new edition is fully reworked and revised, offering an entirely up-to-date, comprehensive, accessible, one-stop resource for clinical psychologists, mental health professionals and specialists in health-related matters. There are two new editors: Susan Ayers from the University of Sussex and Kenneth Wallston from Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The prestigious editorial team and their international, interdisciplinary cast of authors have reconceptualised their much-acclaimed handbook. The book is now in two parts: part I covers psychological aspects of health and illness, assessments, interventions and healthcare practice. Part II covers medical matters listed in alphabetical order. Among the many new topics added are: diet and health, ethnicity and health, clinical inrterviewing, mood assessment, communicating risk, medical interviewing, diagnostic procedures, organ donation, IVF, MMR, HRT, sleep disorders, skin disorders, depression and anxiety disorders. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Contributors......Page 13 Preface......Page 23 Part I Psychology, health and illness......Page 25 Section I Psychological aspects of health and illness......Page 27 Health behaviour change during adolescence......Page 29 Predictors and correlates of health behaviours......Page 30 Structural and demographic factors......Page 31 REFERENCES......Page 32 Age and physical functioning......Page 34 Conclusion and directions for future research......Page 36 REFERENCES......Page 37 Age and intelligence......Page 39 Age and working memory......Page 40 Health and cognitive functioning......Page 41 Conclusions and implications for intervention......Page 42 REFERENCES......Page 43 Cardiovascular system......Page 44 Immune system......Page 45 REFERENCES......Page 46 Overview......Page 47 REFERENCES......Page 49 A model for understanding attributions......Page 50 Attributions in response to illness threats: are they made?......Page 51 Attributions of symptoms......Page 52 Attributions and adjustment to illness......Page 53 Attributional styles and long-term effects on health......Page 54 REFERENCES......Page 55 Allostasis and allostatic load......Page 57 Stress and cortisol in healthy children......Page 58 Physiological responsivity in school transition rising fives onwards)......Page 59 REFERENCES......Page 60 Theories of children’s perceptions and attitudes......Page 62 Children’s perceptions of peers with illness or disorders......Page 63 Conclusion......Page 64 Coping with bereavement......Page 65 Contemporary theoretical appraches......Page 66 The dual process model of coping with bereavement......Page 67 Conclusions......Page 68 REFERENCES......Page 69 Adjustments required......Page 70 Influences on coping......Page 71 REFERENCES......Page 72 The problem- and emotion-focused coping model......Page 74 The cognitive and behavioural coping model......Page 75 The fear-avoidance model......Page 76 Acknowledgements......Page 77 REFERENCES......Page 78 Coping with death and dying......Page 79 Resistance to change......Page 80 Influencing the transition......Page 81 REFERENCES......Page 82 Age differences in coping with medical procedures......Page 83 Assisting patients coping with stressful procedures: what troubles them?......Page 84 Assisting patient coping with stress procedures: planning interventions......Page 85 REFERENCES......Page 86 Intersection of culture and health......Page 88 Ethnic domain......Page 90 Acculturative stress......Page 91 Acknowledgement......Page 92 REFERENCES......Page 93 Measurement of patient delay......Page 94 Symptom appraisal......Page 95 Influence of the healthcare system......Page 96 REFERENCES......Page 97 Eating a healthy diet......Page 99 Associative learning......Page 100 A weight concern model of eating behaviour......Page 101 REFERENCES......Page 102 Medical model of disability......Page 104 Research evidence......Page 105 Clinical implications......Page 106 REFERENCES......Page 107 Emotional expression and health......Page 108 Cognitive processes......Page 109 REFERENCES......Page 110 Expectations and health......Page 111 Behaviour–outcome expectancy......Page 112 Self-efficacy expectancy......Page 113 Conclusions......Page 114 REFERENCES......Page 115 The legacy of early critiques of women’s health......Page 116 Women’s mental health......Page 117 The level of materiality......Page 118 Conclusion......Page 119 REFERENCES......Page 120 Structure of the HBM......Page 121 Research using the HBM to predict health-related behaviour......Page 122 Extending the HBM......Page 123 Conclusions......Page 124 REFERENCES......Page 125 Introduction......Page 126 Changing demographics of health-related behaviours......Page 127 Common determinants of health-related behaviours......Page 128 Summary and conclusions......Page 130 REFERENCES......Page 131 Stressors......Page 133 Individual differences......Page 134 Communication and information......Page 135 REFERENCES......Page 136 Hospitalization in children......Page 137 Illness severity......Page 138 Children’s coping with medical events......Page 139 Psychological techniques......Page 140 REFERENCES......Page 141 Historical perspective and early research......Page 143 Equivocal results obtained in Type A behaviour and hostility research......Page 144 Modification of hostility and Type A behaviour......Page 145 REFERENCES......Page 146 Social learning and self-management......Page 148 Heuristics give meaning to somatic experience......Page 149 Coherence and the selection of indicators......Page 150 REFERENCES......Page 151 Life events, difficulties and meaning......Page 152 Vulnerability to the impact of life events and difficulties......Page 153 Specificity of life-event stress resonates with specificity of vulnerability to produce specific illnesses......Page 154 REFERENCES......Page 155 Why men’s health?......Page 156 Risky behaviour......Page 157 Social roles and health......Page 158 REFERENCES......Page 159 Noise: nature and measurement......Page 161 Stress reactions and cardiovascular disorders......Page 162 Social behaviour......Page 163 REFERENCES......Page 164 Pain: a multidimensional perspective......Page 165 Focus on chronic pain......Page 166 Operant conditioning......Page 167 Biopsychosocial model......Page 168 Summary and concluding comments......Page 169 REFERENCES......Page 170 Locus of control and related constructs......Page 172 Altering perceived control......Page 173 REFERENCES......Page 174 The structure of traits......Page 175 The five factors and their relevance to medical practice......Page 176 Openness to experience......Page 177 REFERENCES......Page 178 Physical activity exercise and fitness......Page 179 Physical activity and population health outcomes......Page 180 Theories of physical activity behaviour and their applications......Page 181 Interventions derived from SCT and the TTM......Page 182 Conclusions......Page 183 REFERENCES......Page 184 Are placebos effective?......Page 185 Psychological mechanisms underlying the placebo effect......Page 187 Placebo psychotherapy......Page 188 REFERENCES......Page 189 Potential mechanisms linking stress and immune disease......Page 191 Academic stressors......Page 192 Traumatic events......Page 193 Implications and future directions......Page 194 REFERENCES......Page 195 Recent developments......Page 197 Life events and difficulties......Page 198 Psychological consequences of physical illness......Page 199 Conclusion......Page 200 REFERENCES......Page 201 QoL assessment......Page 202 Population studies......Page 203 Response shift......Page 204 REFERENCES......Page 205 Religion and health......Page 206 Other studies of physical health......Page 207 Stress and coping......Page 208 REFERENCES......Page 209 Framing health-risk decisions......Page 211 Estimating the size of risks......Page 212 The design process......Page 213 REFERENCES......Page 214 Self-efficacy in health functioning......Page 215 Impact of prognostic judgements on efficacy beliefs and health outcomes......Page 216 REFERENCES......Page 217 Pregnancy-related risk......Page 218 Sexual behaviour risk......Page 219 Gender and power......Page 220 REFERENCES......Page 221 What is sleep?......Page 222 Autonomic nervous system balance......Page 223 Circadian rhythms......Page 224 REFERENCES......Page 225 Conceptualization and measurement of social support......Page 226 Support and recovery from illness......Page 227 Reactivity and inflammatory processes......Page 228 Debates......Page 229 REFERENCES......Page 230 Main observations......Page 231 Social selection......Page 232 Behavioural factors......Page 233 Biological factors......Page 234 REFERENCES......Page 235 Stigma......Page 237 REFERENCES......Page 238 Stress and health......Page 239 Theories of stress......Page 240 Links between stress and health......Page 241 Conclusion......Page 242 Introduction......Page 243 Noticing symptoms......Page 244 The influence of emotions......Page 245 REFERENCES......Page 246 Theory of planned behaviour......Page 247 Extensions of the TPB......Page 249 Intervention studies......Page 250 REFERENCES......Page 251 Measures......Page 252 Experimental match–mismatch studies......Page 253 REFERENCES......Page 254 Some conceptual and methodological issues......Page 256 Impact of unemployment on mortality and morbidity......Page 257 Impact of unemployment on biological and behavioural risk factors......Page 258 Impact of job insecurity, downsizing and under-employment......Page 259 REFERENCES......Page 260 Section II Psychological assessment......Page 261 Brain imaging and function......Page 263 Functional neuroimaging......Page 264 REFERENCES......Page 265 Communication assessment......Page 266 Language......Page 267 REFERENCES......Page 268 Overview of the field......Page 269 Coping as a profile......Page 270 Comprehensive coping profiles......Page 271 Conclusion......Page 273 REFERENCES......Page 274 Overview of structured interviews......Page 275 The MINI......Page 276 The SADS......Page 277 Axis II interviews......Page 278 REFERENCES......Page 279 Purposes of assessment......Page 280 Measurement requirements......Page 281 Handicap and participation......Page 282 REFERENCES......Page 283 Self-report methods for assessing health cognitions......Page 284 Measuring attitude......Page 285 Measuring self-representations......Page 286 Measuring disposition to act......Page 287 Alternatives to self-report measures......Page 288 REFERENCES......Page 289 Health status assessment......Page 290 REFERENCES......Page 291 Interviews......Page 292 Questionnaires......Page 293 Causal attributions......Page 294 REFERENCES......Page 295 The Intelligence Quotient (IQ)......Page 297 The history of IQ testing......Page 298 Louis Thurstone: primary mental abilities......Page 299 Socially defined racial/ethnic group differences......Page 300 REFERENCES......Page 301 Assessment of mood......Page 302 Depression......Page 303 Content......Page 304 The time frame of mood assessment......Page 305 Acknowledgements......Page 307 REFERENCES......Page 308 Dimensions and level of assessment......Page 311 Approaches to assessment of cognitive functions......Page 312 REFERENCES......Page 313 Assessment measures of attention......Page 314 Executive functioning......Page 315 Assessment measures of executive functioning......Page 316 REFERENCES......Page 317 Neuropsychological assessment of learning and memory......Page 318 Defining learning and memory......Page 319 Psychometric assessment......Page 320 Executive functions and ‘frontal lobe’ factors......Page 322 REFERENCES......Page 323 Pain assessment......Page 324 Cognitive and affective measures of the pain experience......Page 325 Functional aspects of pain......Page 326 REFERENCES......Page 327 Overview......Page 328 Purposes of patient satisfaction assessment......Page 329 Patient satisfaction assessment paradigms......Page 330 Risk adjustment......Page 331 REFERENCES......Page 332 Assays of cell numbers......Page 333 Cell activity and lytic capcity......Page 334 B cell activity......Page 335 Delayed-type hypersensitivity......Page 336 REFERENCES......Page 337 Qualitative data......Page 338 Documentary evidence......Page 339 Phenomenological analysis......Page 340 Evaluation......Page 341 REFERENCES......Page 342 Quality of life assessment......Page 343 REFERENCES......Page 344 Measures of enacted support......Page 345 Construct validity for perceived social support......Page 346 Incremental validity......Page 347 Summary and conclusions......Page 348 REFERENCES......Page 349 Overview......Page 350 Measuring appraisal......Page 351 Stress responses......Page 352 REFERENCES......Page 353 Section III Psychological intervention......Page 355 Behaviour therapy......Page 357 REFERENCES......Page 358 The biofeedback technique......Page 359 The growth in the utilization of biofeedback techniques......Page 361 Biofeedback and the placebo effect......Page 362 REFERENCES......Page 363 Defining CBT......Page 364 Defining procedural features of CBT......Page 365 Controversies and developments......Page 366 REFERENCES......Page 367 Community-based interventions......Page 368 Changing social norms......Page 369 Lack of knowledge, distrust and discouragement......Page 370 REFERENCES......Page 371 Introduction......Page 372 Counselling in the medical context......Page 373 Evaluation of counselling......Page 374 REFERENCES......Page 375 The experiential approach......Page 376 Efficacy of group therapy......Page 377 REFERENCES......Page 378 The planning of health promotion......Page 379 Quality of the planning......Page 380 Intervention mapping......Page 381 REFERENCES......Page 382 Trance and the induction of hypnosis......Page 383 The clinical application of hypnosis......Page 384 Specific clinical applications of hypnosis......Page 385 REFERENCES......Page 386 Mode of delivery......Page 387 Evidence on the effectiveness of MI......Page 388 Conclusion......Page 389 REFERENCES......Page 390 Cognition, emotion, social functioning and behaviour are interlinked (the holistic approach)......Page 391 Neuropsychological rehabilitation requires a broad theoretical base......Page 392 REFERENCES......Page 393 Chronic pain as a construct......Page 394 Relaxation and biofeedback......Page 395 Evidence of effectiveness......Page 396 Future developments and conclusions......Page 397 REFERENCES......Page 398 Physical activity and mental health......Page 399 Transtheoretical model......Page 400 REFERENCES......Page 401 Early experience and the internal world......Page 403 The therapeutic frame......Page 404 Research evidence......Page 405 REFERENCES......Page 406 Rationale......Page 407 Behaviour therapies......Page 408 Depression in medically ill older adults......Page 409 Conclusions......Page 410 REFERENCES......Page 411 Progressive relaxation......Page 413 Cognitive techniques......Page 414 Clinical application......Page 415 REFERENCES......Page 416 Theoretical influences......Page 417 Content of self-management interventions......Page 418 Efficacy......Page 419 REFERENCES......Page 420 Rationale for support interventions......Page 421 Who attends and benefits from support groups?......Page 422 The effectiveness of support groups......Page 423 Individual supportive allies......Page 424 REFERENCES......Page 425 Stress management in occupational settings......Page 427 Critical incident stress management (CISM)......Page 428 New approaches to stress management......Page 429 REFERENCES......Page 430 Overview......Page 431 Reach......Page 432 Adoption......Page 433 Using research evidence and theory to aid WHP practice......Page 434 REFERENCES......Page 436 Section IV Healthcare practice......Page 439 Why adherence interventions have had limited effect......Page 441 Operationalizing the salient beliefs influencing treatment adherence: the example of general and specific beliefs about medication......Page 442 Developing complex intervention to facilitate adherence......Page 443 REFERENCES......Page 444 Professional choices about access to health services......Page 445 REFERENCES......Page 446 Guidelines and recommendations......Page 447 The patient’s perspective......Page 448 Summary......Page 449 REFERENCES......Page 450 Consequences of burnout......Page 451 Lack of control......Page 452 Implications for intervention......Page 453 REFERENCES......Page 454 Evaluating probabilistic information through comparisons......Page 455 Informing choices......Page 456 Conclusions......Page 457 REFERENCES......Page 458 Input factors in communication......Page 459 Outcomes of the consultation......Page 460 Communicating with different groups......Page 461 REFERENCES......Page 462 The healthcare system......Page 463 Organizational structure and policies......Page 464 Patient outcomes: satisfaction, involvement in care and improvement......Page 465 Process consultation and continuous quality improvement......Page 466 REFERENCES......Page 467 Development of doctrine of informed consent......Page 468 Voluntariness......Page 469 Psychotherapy......Page 470 Cultural diversity......Page 471 REFERENCES......Page 472 Blazing the trail......Page 473 The block model......Page 474 Comparing theoretical perspectives......Page 475 Opening channels for communication......Page 476 REFERENCES......Page 477 Clinical judgement......Page 478 Communication and understanding of probabilities......Page 480 Ascertaining utilities......Page 481 REFERENCES......Page 482 Introduction......Page 483 Content......Page 484 Process......Page 486 Conclusion......Page 487 REFERENCES......Page 491 The definition of patient-centred healthcare......Page 492 Research on patient-centred healthcare......Page 493 Discussion......Page 494 REFERENCES......Page 495 Iatrogenic disease and patient harm......Page 496 The nature and frequency of adverse events and critical incidents......Page 497 Understanding adverse events......Page 498 Reporting and learning systems......Page 499 REFERENCES......Page 500 The concept of satisfaction......Page 501 Relationship to other outcomes......Page 502 Factors that influence patient satisfaction......Page 503 The measurement of patient satisfaction......Page 504 REFERENCES......Page 505 A conceptual framework for social support......Page 506 Appraisal support......Page 507 Developing psychological support systems......Page 508 Effects of social support......Page 509 REFERENCES......Page 510 Why does reassurance fail?......Page 511 Improving reassurance......Page 512 REFERENCES......Page 513 Offering screening......Page 514 Screening uptake......Page 515 Informed consent, and informed and shared decision making......Page 516 Psychological and behavioural consequences of screening......Page 517 REFERENCES......Page 518 Sleep, fatigue and mental health......Page 520 Pregnancy and reproductive disorders......Page 521 Conclusions......Page 522 REFERENCES......Page 523 Stress......Page 524 Burnout......Page 525 Stress, personality and working conditions......Page 526 Stress-reduction techniques......Page 527 REFERENCES......Page 528 Surgery......Page 529 Physiological responses......Page 530 Surgical stress and postoperative recovery......Page 531 Outcomes......Page 532 REFERENCES......Page 533 Background......Page 534 Needs of undergraduate and postgraduate learners......Page 535 Models of the medical interview......Page 536 Teaching methods/approaches......Page 537 Role-play with simulated patients......Page 538 Conclusion......Page 539 REFERENCES......Page 540 Do written materials address patients’ needs?......Page 541 Is written communication based on psychological theories?......Page 542 How much are patients involved?......Page 543 REFERENCES......Page 544 Part II Medical topics......Page 547 Induced abortions......Page 549 REFERENCES......Page 550 Models of injury control......Page 551 Psychological factors and injury control......Page 552 Introduction......Page 554 The effects of dermatological difference......Page 555 REFERENCES......Page 556 Alcohol abuse......Page 558 Cue exposure......Page 559 Alcoholism: contextual issues......Page 560 Features......Page 561 Medical treatment......Page 562 REFERENCES......Page 563 Diagnosis......Page 564 Behavioural and psychological aspects......Page 565 REFERENCES......Page 566 Mechanisms......Page 567 Treatment......Page 568 REFERENCES......Page 569 Amnesia......Page 570 REFERENCES......Page 571 Phantom limb phenomena......Page 572 Phantom limb pain......Page 573 REFERENCES......Page 574 Task duration and short-term effort......Page 575 Older adults......Page 576 REFERENCES......Page 577 Antenatal care......Page 578 REFERENCES......Page 579 Recovery......Page 580 Psychosocial and emotional adjustment......Page 581 REFERENCES......Page 582 Asthma......Page 583 Learning theory techniques......Page 584 Illness representation approaches......Page 585 REFERENCES......Page 586 Pain and pain responses......Page 587 REFERENCES......Page 588 Blindness and visual disability......Page 589 Blood donation – an overview......Page 591 Increasing the donor pool......Page 592 REFERENCES......Page 593 Parental attitudes to and social and professional support for breastfeeding......Page 594 REFERENCES......Page 595 Body image dissatisfaction and social anxiety......Page 596 Individual differences......Page 597 The future: positive psychology versus a ‘pathologizing’ culture......Page 598 REFERENCES......Page 599 Treatments for breast cancer and their psychological consequences......Page 601 Assessing distress in breast cancer patients......Page 602 REFERENCES......Page 603 Cancer of the upper digestive tract......Page 605 Cancer of the lower digestive tract......Page 606 REFERENCES......Page 607 Diagnosis......Page 608 Radiotherapy......Page 610 Cross-modality problems and efforts to reduce treatment distress......Page 611 Conclusion......Page 612 REFERENCES......Page 613 Survivorship......Page 615 Psychosocial interventions......Page 617 REFERENCES......Page 618 Psychological morbidity......Page 619 Psychological interventions......Page 620 REFERENCES......Page 621 Psychological morbidity......Page 622 Predictors of morbidity......Page 623 REFERENCES......Page 624 Overview......Page 625 Quality of life......Page 626 Behavioural interventions......Page 627 REFERENCES......Page 628 Research evidence......Page 629 REFERENCES......Page 630 Informed decision-making about treatment......Page 631 Conclusions......Page 632 REFERENCES......Page 633 Measuring sun protection......Page 634 Early detection......Page 635 REFERENCES......Page 636 Carotid artery disease and treatment......Page 637 REFERENCES......Page 638 Psychological impact......Page 640 REFERENCES......Page 641 Incidence......Page 643 Safe pregnancy and childbirth (maternity services)......Page 644 Secondary prevention......Page 645 Conclusion......Page 647 REFERENCES......Page 648 Attentional deficits......Page 649 Tuberous sclerosis......Page 650 REFERENCES......Page 651 Diagnosis......Page 653 REFERENCES......Page 654 Psychology and COPD......Page 655 Closing remarks......Page 656 REFERENCES......Page 657 Parent–child relationships......Page 658 Clinical implications......Page 659 REFERENCES......Page 660 Cold, common......Page 661 REFERENCES......Page 662 Popular CAM therapies......Page 663 Looking to the future......Page 664 Introduction......Page 665 Male condom use......Page 666 REFERENCES......Page 667 Behavioural change......Page 668 Consequences of emotional distress......Page 669 REFERENCES......Page 670 Depression......Page 672 Psychosocial interventions......Page 673 Psychological interventions......Page 674 The current state of behavioural cardiology/cardiac psychology......Page 675 REFERENCES......Page 676 Quality of life and mood......Page 678 REFERENCES......Page 679 Content......Page 680 Adjunctive psychological treatments......Page 681 REFERENCES......Page 682 Psychological responses to cardiac surgery......Page 683 Factors associated with neuropsychological dysfunction......Page 684 REFERENCES......Page 685 The disease......Page 686 Treatment burden and adherence......Page 687 REFERENCES......Page 688 Psychological profile of people with acquired hearing loss......Page 689 Psychological treatment approaches......Page 690 Dementias......Page 691 Discriminating dementia from geriatric depression......Page 692 Treatment......Page 693 Introduction......Page 694 Facilitating diabetes consultations......Page 695 Conclusion......Page 696 REFERENCES......Page 697 Domestic violence, intimate partner violence and wife battering......Page 698 Drug dependency: benzodiazepines......Page 699 Recreational benzodiazepine abuse......Page 700 Management of dependence: benzodiazepine withdrawal......Page 701 REFERENCES......Page 702 Psychological treatments......Page 703 Pharmacotherapies......Page 704 Treatment outcome......Page 705 REFERENCES......Page 706 Other effects......Page 707 REFERENCES......Page 708 Alcohol......Page 709 Antidepressants......Page 710 REFERENCES......Page 711 Surface dyslexia......Page 712 REFERENCES......Page 713 Aetiology of eating disorders......Page 714 Treatment of eating disorders......Page 715 REFERENCES......Page 716 Introduction: prevalence and prognosis......Page 717 Medical treatment......Page 718 Acknowledgements......Page 719 Hypothyroidism......Page 720 Diabetes mellitus......Page 721 REFERENCES......Page 722 Causation......Page 724 Treatment......Page 725 Definition, prevalence and incidence......Page 726 Professional care......Page 727 REFERENCES......Page 728 Psychoneuroimmunology and elevated Epstein–Barr virus titres......Page 729 Infectious mononucleosis as a risk factor for the development of chronic fatigue syndrome......Page 730 REFERENCES......Page 731 Factors playing a part in adjustment......Page 732 Conclusion......Page 733 REFERENCES......Page 734 Screening and diagnosis......Page 735 Non-routine assessment of fetal health......Page 736 REFERENCES......Page 737 Gastric and duodenal ulcers......Page 738 Stress mechanisms......Page 739 Definition......Page 740 REFERENCES......Page 741 Treatment of haemophilia......Page 742 Psychosocial problems of haemophilia......Page 743 Head injury......Page 744 Neuropsychological......Page 745 Neuroimaging......Page 746 REFERENCES......Page 747 Pathophysiology......Page 748 Applied psychophysiology......Page 749 REFERENCES......Page 750 Psychological effects......Page 751 REFERENCES......Page 752 A revolution with HAART......Page 753 Psychosocial adjustment to HIV/AIDS......Page 754 REFERENCES......Page 755 Physical and psychological symptoms of menopause......Page 756 Embodied experience......Page 757 REFERENCES......Page 758 Hospital acquired infection......Page 760 REFERENCES......Page 761 Huntington’s disease......Page 762 Hyperactivity......Page 764 Hypertension......Page 766 Psychological and behavioural interventions aimed at prevention and reduction of hypertension......Page 767 REFERENCES......Page 768 Quality of life......Page 769 REFERENCES......Page 770 Symptoms and diagnosis......Page 771 REFERENCES......Page 772 Psychosocial impact of hysterectomy......Page 773 REFERENCES......Page 774 Stress and immunization......Page 775 Conclusions and clinical implications......Page 776 REFERENCES......Page 777 Incontinence......Page 778 REFERENCES......Page 779 Behavioural and psychological factors in the aetiology of infertility......Page 780 Directions for research and application......Page 781 REFERENCES......Page 782 Interventions......Page 783 Overview......Page 784 For ICU treatment......Page 785 REFERENCES......Page 786 Patient factors......Page 787 REFERENCES......Page 788 Irritable bowel syndrome......Page 789 Treating IBS......Page 790 REFERENCES......Page 791 Psychosocial issues......Page 792 Evidence base......Page 793 REFERENCES......Page 794 Early studies......Page 795 Impairments associated with other manifestations of falciperum malaria......Page 796 REFERENCES......Page 797 Mastalgia aetiology......Page 798 Non-hormonal options......Page 799 Overview......Page 800 Research evidence and clinical implications......Page 801 REFERENCES......Page 802 Menopause and postmenopause......Page 803 REFERENCES......Page 804 Parental attitudes......Page 805 Conclusion......Page 806 REFERENCES......Page 807 Mood......Page 808 REFERENCES......Page 809 Emotional responses......Page 810 Caregivers......Page 811 REFERENCES......Page 812 Myasthenia gravis......Page 813 Neurofibromatosis......Page 814 REFERENCES......Page 816 Musculoskeletal disorders......Page 817 Management......Page 818 REFERENCES......Page 819 Aetiology: the toxic environment......Page 821 Overcoming obesity: the tension between treatment and prevention......Page 822 Conclusion......Page 823 REFERENCES......Page 824 Psychological approaches in oral care......Page 825 REFERENCES......Page 826 Epidemiology of osteoarthritis......Page 827 Psycho-educational interventions......Page 828 REFERENCES......Page 829 Osteoporosis......Page 831 REFERENCES......Page 832 Psychiatric problems and psychosocial functioning......Page 833 REFERENCES......Page 834 Risk factors......Page 835 Treatments......Page 836 REFERENCES......Page 837 Post-traumatic stress disorder......Page 838 Disasters......Page 839 Predictors of PTSD......Page 840 REFERENCES......Page 841 Vulnerability factors and precipitants......Page 844 Healthcare systems......Page 845 REFERENCES......Page 846 Early childhood mortality......Page 847 Psychosocial factors: life events and social support......Page 848 Behavioural factors: smoking......Page 849 REFERENCES......Page 850 Survival rates......Page 851 Language development......Page 852 REFERENCES......Page 853 Premenstrual syndrome......Page 854 A material–discursive–intrapsychic model of premenstrual distress......Page 855 REFERENCES......Page 856 Psoriasis......Page 857 REFERENCES......Page 859 Incidence of psychosocial problems......Page 860 Counselling and psychotherapy interventions......Page 861 REFERENCES......Page 862 Rape and sexual assault......Page 863 REFERENCES......Page 864 Treatment decision-making......Page 865 The benefits of surgery......Page 866 REFERENCES......Page 867 Psychological problems and quality of life......Page 868 REFERENCES......Page 869 Personality......Page 870 Muscle tension and co-contraction......Page 871 REFERENCES......Page 872 Rheumatoid arthritis......Page 874 REFERENCES......Page 875 Violations......Page 876 REFERENCES......Page 877 Screening Choices......Page 878 Choices about diagnostic tests......Page 879 REFERENCES......Page 880 Screening: cancer......Page 881 Understanding screening......Page 882 Conclusions and questions to ask......Page 883 REFERENCES......Page 884 Response to information about increased risk......Page 885 Response to information about minimal risk......Page 886 REFERENC Health Psychology Is A Rapidly Expanding Discipline At The Interface Of Psychology And Clinical Medicine. This Text Offers A Comprehensive, Accessible, One-stop Resource For Clinical Psychologists, Mental Health Professionals And Specialists In Health-related Matters. Part I. Psychology, Health And Illness -- Section I. Psychological Aspects Of Health And Illness -- Adolescent Lifestyle / Leif Edvard Aarø -- Age And Physical Functioning / Gail Williamson And David Shaffer -- Age And Cognitive Functioning / David Shaffer And Gail Williamson -- Ageing And Health / Elaine Leventhal -- Architecture And Health / Angela Liegey Dougall / Stacie Spencer And Andrew Baum -- Attributions And Health / Yael Benyamini, Howard Leventhal And Elaine Leventhal -- Childhood Influences On Health / Julie Turner-cobb -- Children's Perceptions Of Illness And Death / Richard Boles And Michael Roberts -- Coping With Bereavement / Margaret Stroebe, Henk Schut And Wolfgang Stroebe -- Coping With Chronic Illness / Keith Petrie And Lisa Reynolds -- Coping With Chronic Pain / Naomi Lester [and Others] -- Coping With Death And Dying / Colin Murray Parkes -- Coping With Stressful Medical Procedures / Yael Benyamini -- Cultural And Ethnic Factors In Health / John Berry And David Sam -- Delay In Seeking Help / Suzanne Scott -- Diet And Health / Jane Ogden -- Disability / Timothy Elliott And Laura Dreer -- Emotional Expression And Health / Richard Slatcher And James Pennebaker -- Expectations And Health / James Maddux -- Gender Issues And Women's Health / Jane Ussher -- The Health Belief Model / Charles Abraham And Paschal Sheeran -- Health-related Behaviours : Common Factors / Timothy Carmody -- Hospitalization In Adults / Rachael Powell And Marie Johnston -- Hospitalization In Children / Thomas Whelan -- Hostility And Type A Behaviour In Coronary Artery Disease / Willem Kop And David Krantz -- Lay Beliefs About Health And Illness / Howard Leventhal, Yael Benyamini And Cristina Shafer -- Life Events And Health / Tirril Harris -- Men's Health / Christina Lee And Glynn Owens -- Noise : Effects On Health / Staffan Hygge -- Pain : A Multidimensional Perspective / Dennis Turk And Tasha Burwinkle -- Perceived Control / Kenneth Wallston -- Personality And Health / Stephanie Stone And Robert Mccrae -- Physical Activity And Health / Neville Owen, Kym Spathonis And Eva Leslie -- Placebos / Irving Kirsch -- Psychoneuroimmunology / Elizabeth Bachen, Sheldon Cohen And Anna Marsland -- Psychosomatics / Christopher Bass -- Quality Of Life / Lena Ring -- Religion And Health / Karen Hye-cheon Kim And Harold Koenig -- Risk Perception And Health Behaviour / Baruch Fischhoff -- Self-efficacy In Health Functioning / Albert Bandura -- Sexual Risk Behaviour / Lorraine Sherr -- Sleep And Health / Jason Ellis -- Social Support And Health / Thomas Wills And Michael Ainette -- Socioeconomic Status And Health / Lion Shahab -- Stigma / Robert West And Ainsley Hardy -- Stress And Health / Susan Ayers And Andrew Steptoe -- Symptom Perception / Elizabeth Broadbent And Keith Petrie -- Theory Of Planned Behaviour / Stephen Sutton -- Transtheoretical Model Of Behaviour Change / Stephen Sutton -- Unemployment And Health / Stanislav Kasl And Beth Jones -- Section Ii. Psychological Assessment -- Brain Imaging And Function / Erin Bigler -- Communication Assessment / Linda Worrall -- Coping Assessment / Ellen Skinner -- Diagnostic Interviews And Clinical Practice / Richard Rogers And Peggilee Wupperman -- Disability Assessment / Raymond Fitzpatrick -- Health Cognition Assessment / Brian Mcmillan And Mark Conner -- Health Status Assessment / Ann Bowling -- Illness Cognition Assessment / Ad Kaptein And Elizabeth Broadbent -- Iq Testing / Robert Sternberg -- Assessment Of Mood / Michele Tugade, Tamlin Conner And Lisa Feldman Barrett -- Neuropsychological Assessment / Jane Powell -- Neuropsychological Assessment Of Attention And Executive Functioning / Melissa Lamar And Amir Raz -- Neuropsychological Assessment Of Learning And Memory / Nancy Chiaravalloti / Amanda O'brien And John Deluca -- Pain Assessment / Sandra Waters / Kim Dixon, Lisa Caitlin Perri And Francis Keefe. Patient Satisfaction Assessment / Susan Eisen -- Psychoneuroimmunology Assessments / Andrew Baum And Angela Liegey Dougall -- Qualitative Assessment / Felicity Bishop And Lucy Yardley -- Quality Of Life Assessment / Ann Bowling -- Social Support Assessment / Brian Lakey And Jay Cohen -- Stress Assessment / Andrew Baum And Angela Liegey Dougall -- Section Iii. Psychological Intervention -- Behaviour Therapy / Gerald Davison -- Biofeedback / Robert Gatchel / Carl Noe And Raymond Gaeta -- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy / Andrew Eagle And Michael Worrell -- Community-based Interventions / Deborah Polk, Christie King And Kenneth Heller -- Counselling / Robert Bor And John Allen -- Group Therapy / Peter Hajek -- Health Promotion / Gerjo Kok -- Hypnosis / Michael Heap -- Motivational Interviewing / Janet Treasure And Esther Maissi -- Neuropsychological Rehabilitation / Barbara Wilson -- Pain Management / Stephen Morley -- Physical Activity Interventions / Michael Ussher -- Psychodynamic Psychotherapy / Jo-anne Carlyle -- Psychosocial Care Of The Elderly / Jennifer Morse And Charles Reynolds, Iii -- Relaxation Training / Michael Bruch -- Self-management Interventions / Kathleen Mulligan And Stanton Newman -- Social Support Interventions / Benjamin Gottlieb -- Stress Management / Dianna Kenny -- Worksite Interventions / Paul Estabrooks And Russell Glasgow -- Section Iv. Healthcare Practice -- Adherence To Treatment / Rob Horne -- Attitudes Of Health Professionals / Hannah Mcgee -- Breaking Bad News / Katherine Joekes -- Burnout In Health Professionals / Christina Maslach -- Communicating Risk / David French And Theresa Marteau -- Healthcare Professional-patient Communication / John Weinman -- Healthcare Work Environments / Rudolf Moos, Jeanne Schaefer And Bernice Moos -- Informed Consent / Robin Fiore -- Interprofessional Education In Essence / Hugh Barr -- Medical Decision-making / Clare Harries And Peter Ayton -- Medical Interviewing / Jonathan Silverman -- Patient-centred Healthcare / Peter Bower And Nicki Mead -- Patient Safety And Iatrogenesis / Maria Woloshynowych And Charles Vincent -- Patient Satisfaction / Raymond Fitzpatrick -- Psychological Support For Healthcare Professionals / Valerie Sutherland -- Reassurance / Patricia Loft, Geraldine Meechan And Keith Petrie -- Screening In Healthcare : General Issues / Anne Miles -- Shiftwork And Health / Katharine Parkes -- Stress In Health Professionals / Chris Mcmanus -- Surgery / Claus Vögele -- Teaching Communication Skills / Angela Hall And Jane Kidd -- Written Communication / Lorraine Noble -- Part Ii. Medical Topics -- Abortion / Pauline Slade -- Accidents And Unintentional Injuries / Robert Frank And Andrea Lee -- Acne / Stephen Kellett -- Alcohol Abuse / Michael Sayette -- Allergies To Drugs / Mary Gregerson -- Allergies To Food / Mary Gregerson -- Allergies : General / Mary Gregerson -- Amnesia / Barbara Wilson And Narinder Kapur -- Amputation And Phantom Limb Pain / Ronald Melzack And Joel Katz -- Anaesthesia And Psychology / Keith Millar -- Antenatal Care / Kirstie Mckenzie-mcharg And Rachel Rowe -- Aphasia Recovery, Treatment And Psychosocial Adjustment / Chris Code -- Asthma / Ad Kaptein And Klaus Rabe -- Back Pain / Amanda C. De C. Williams -- Blindness And Visual Disability / Linda Pring -- Blood Donation / Sarah Afuwape -- Breastfeeding / Antony Manstead -- Burn Injuries : Psychological And Social Aspects / Claire Phillips -- Cancer : Breast / Alice Simon And Kathryn Robb -- Cancers Of The Digestive Tract / Sharon Manne -- Cancer : General / Barbara Andersen And Laura Simonelli -- Cancer : Gynaecologic / Kristen Carpenter And Barbara Andersen -- Cancer : Head And Neck / Gerry Humphris -- Cancer : Hodgkin's And Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma / Jennifer Devlen -- Cancer : Leukaemia / Janelle Wagner And Ronald Brown -- Cancer : Lung / Angela Liegey Dougall. Cancer : Prostate / Stephen Lepore And Katherine Roberts -- Cancer : Skin / Ron Borland And Suzanne Dobbinson -- Carotid Artery Disease And Treatment / Jan Stygall And Stanton Newman -- Chemotherapy / Ingela Thuné-boyle -- Child Abuse And Neglect / Kevin Browne And Catherine Hamilton-giachritsis -- Chromosomal Abnormalities / Jeremy Turk -- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome / Ruth Cairns And Trudie Chalder -- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (copd) : Chronic Bronchitis And Emphysema / Ad Kaptein And Klaus Rabe -- Cleft Lip And Palate / Brent Collett And Matthew Speltz -- Cold, Common / Anna Marsland, Sheldon Cohen And Elizabeth Bachen -- Complementary Medicine / Felicity Bishop And George Lewith -- Contraception / Beth Alder -- Coronary Heart Disease : Impact / Paul Bennett -- Coronary Heart Disease : Cardiac Psychology / Robert Allan, Stephen Scheidt And Christopher Smith -- Coronary Heart Disease : Heart Failure / Kathleen Mulligan And Stanton Newman -- Coronary Heart Disease : Rehabilitation / Robert Lewin -- Coronary Heart Disease : Surgery / Jan Stygall And Stanton Newman -- Cystic Fibrosis / Claire Glasscoe -- Deafness And Hearing Loss / Laurence Mckenna And David Scott -- Dementias / Jenny Rusted -- Diabetes Mellitus / Alison Woodcock And Clare Bradley -- Domestic Violence, Intimate Partner Violence And Wife Battering / Irene Frieze And Maureen Mchugh -- Drug Dependency : Benzodiazepines / Heather Ashton -- Drug Dependence : Opiates And Stimulants / Michael Gossop -- Drugs : Beta-blockers / Sari Holmes And David Krantz -- Drugs : Psychotropic Medication / Andrew Scholey, Andy Parrott And David Kennedy -- Dyslexia / Christine Temple -- Eating Disorders / Eric Stice And Heather Shaw -- Eczema / David J. De L. Horne And Elizabeth Coombes -- Endocrine Disorders / Eric Storch And Gary Geffken -- Enuresis / Martin Herbert -- Epilepsy / Graham Scambler -- Epstein-barr Virus Infection / Rona Moss-morris And Meagan Spence -- Facial Disfigurement And Dysmorphology / Nichola Rumsey -- Fetal Wellbeing : Monitoring And Assessment / Peter Hepper, James Dornan And Dan Mckenna -- Gastric And Duodenal Ulcers / Paul Bennett -- Growth Retardation / Michael Preece -- Haemophilia / Ivana Marková -- Head Injury / Erin Bigler -- Headache And Migraine / Bjørn Ellertsen -- Herpes / John Green -- Hiv/aids / Michael Antoni And Adam Carrico -- Hormone Replacement Therapy / Christine Stephens -- Hospital Acquired Infection / Jan Stygall And Stanton Newman -- Huntington's Disease / Maurice Bloch -- Hyperactivity / Bjørn Ellertsen And Ine Baug Johnsen -- Hypertension / Katherine Joekes And Sandra Boersma -- Hyperthyroidism / Nicoletta Sonino And Giovanni Fava -- Hyperventilation / David Nias -- Hysterectomy / Susan Ayers -- Immunization / Roger Booth -- Incontinence / Siobhan Hart -- Infertility / Annette Stanton And Julia Woodward -- Inflammatory Bowel Disease / Paul Bennett -- Intensive Care Unit / Christina Jones And Richard Griffiths -- Intimate Examinations / Penelope Cream -- Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Paul Bennett -- Lymphoedema / Anne Williams -- Malaria / Julie Carter -- Mastalgia (breast Pain) / Antonio Millet And Frederick Dirbas -- Meningitis / Julie Carter -- Menopause And Postmenopause / Myra Hunter -- Mmr Vaccine / Emily Buckley -- Motor Neurone Disease / Laura Goldstein -- Multiple Sclerosis / Rona Moss-morris / Kirsten Van Kessel And Emma Witt -- Myasthenia Gravis / Ruth Epstein -- Neurofibromatosis / Rosalie Ferner -- Non-cardiac Chest Pain / Christopher Bass -- Obesity / Jennifer Thomas And Kelly Brownell -- Oral Care And Hygiene / Gerry Humphris -- Osteoarthritis / Isidro Villanueva And Alex Zautra -- Osteoporosis / Myra Hunter -- Parkinson's Disease / Marjan Jahanshahi -- Pelvic Pain / Robert Edwards And Jennifer Haythornthwaite -- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Donna Posluszny / Stacie Spencer And Andrew Baum -- Postnatal Depression / Sandra Elliott -- Pregnancy And Childbirth / Lyn Quine And Liz Steadman -- Premature Babies / Heather Mohay -- Premenstrual Syndrome / Jane Ussher -- Psoriasis / Catherine O'leary -- Radiotherapy / Sara Faithfull -- Rape And Sexual Assault / Irene Frieze And Maureen Mchugh -- Reconstructive And Cosmetic Surgery / Nichola Rumsey -- Renal Failure, Dialysis And Transplantation / Keith Petrie -- Repetitive Strain Injury / Gerard Van Galen -- Rheumatoid Arthritis / Kathleen Mulligan And Stanton Newman -- Road Traffic Accidents : Human Factors / Frank Mckenna -- Screening : Antenatal / Elizabeth Dormandy -- Screening : Cancer / Kevin Mccaul And Amber Koblitz -- Screening : Cardiac / Alethea Cooper -- Screening : Genetic / Shoshana Shiloh -- Self-examination : Breasts, Testicles / Glynn Owens -- Sexual Dysfunction / Patricia Morokoff -- Sexually Transmitted Infections / Barbara Hedge -- Sickle Cell Disease / James Elander -- Skin Disorders / Ulrich Stangier -- Sleep Apnoea / Jane Harrington -- Sleep Disorders / Jason Ellis -- Spina Bifida / Ineke Pit-ten Cate And Jim Stevenson -- Spinal Cord Injury / Paul Kennedy -- Sterilization And Vasectomy / Robert Edelmann -- Stroke / John Pimm -- Stuttering / Peggy Dalton And Frances Cook -- Suicide / David Lester -- Tinnitus / Gerhard Andersson -- Tobacco Use / Robert West And Ainsley Hardy -- Toxins : Environmental / Gerhard Winneke -- Transplantation / Konstadina Griva And Stanton Newman -- Urinary Tract Symptoms / Martin Cartwright And Mark Emberton -- Vertigo And Dizziness / Lucy Yardley -- Vision Disorders / Beth Grunfeld -- Voice Disorders / Ruth Epstein -- Volatile Substance Abuse / Michael Gossop -- Vomiting And Nausea / David J. De L. Horne And Elizabeth Coombes. [edited By] Susan Ayers ... [et Al.]. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.