Calorimetry in Particle Physics: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference, California, USA 25-29 March 2002
معرفی کتاب «Calorimetry in Particle Physics: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference, California, USA 25-29 March 2002» نوشتهٔ Ren-Yuan Zhu، منتشرشده توسط نشر World Scientific Publishing Company در سال 2003. این کتاب در فرمت pdf، زبان انگلیسی ارائه شده است.
The International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics is the major forum for the state-of-the-art developments of calorimetry technologies. The Tenth Conference was attended by more than 150 physicists from 16 countries and covered all aspects of calorimetric particle detection and measurements, with emphasis on high energy physics and astrophysics experiments.The proceedings contain three parts: introductory papers, contributed papers and perspective papers. The introduction starts with a historical review of calorimetry developments, and continues with overviews of the current status of calorimetry in high energy physics and astrophysics, which are followed by discussions on calorimetry in future accelerator facilities, such as linear colliders and the Super B factories. A “hot” technology regarding the “energy flow concept” is also discussed. The contributed papers are organized in 11 sessions. The perspective papers summarize the physics and limitation of calorimeter applications in high energy physics, astrophysics and medical industries. Considerations for Calorimetry at a Super B Factory W. Wisniewski (contribution not received)......Page 12 Preface......Page 10 Introduction......Page 22 1. Introduction......Page 24 2. Early Developments......Page 25 3. Segmented Calorimeters......Page 26 4. Segmentation Using Wavelength Shifter Read-out......Page 27 5. Liquid Ionization Chambers......Page 29 6. Compensating Calorimeters......Page 30 8. Crystal Calorimeters......Page 31 9. Cryogenic Calorimeters......Page 32 10. Detection of Extraterrestrial Neutrinos......Page 33 11. The Atmosphere as Calorimeter......Page 34 References......Page 36 1. Introduction......Page 38 2.1.1. Main features of the design......Page 39 2.1.2. Difficulties with engineering and fabrication......Page 41 2.1.3. Test beam results......Page 42 2.2.2. Readout and noise......Page 43 2.2.3. Short term follow-up of light output......Page 45 2.3.1. Effect of tracker material and magnetic field......Page 47 2.3.2. Calibration in situ......Page 48 2.3.3. Constant term......Page 49 2.3.5. Linearity......Page 50 3. Hadronic Calorimetry......Page 51 3.2. ATLAS Tile Calorimeter......Page 52 3.4. Resolution, linearity......Page 53 3.5. In situ Calibration......Page 54 3.6. Some illustrations......Page 55 4.2. The CMS Hadronic Forward Calorimeter......Page 56 4.3. The ATLAS FCAL......Page 57 5.1. Construction advancement......Page 59 6.2. LHCb layout......Page 60 7.1. Photons at large angle......Page 61 Acknowledgements......Page 62 References......Page 63 1. Introduction......Page 64 2. Direct Measurements......Page 65 3. Effects of Energy Resolution......Page 67 4.1. Particle Sampling......Page 69 4.3. Air Fluorescence......Page 70 4.4. Air Shower Results......Page 71 5. Other Techniques......Page 72 References......Page 74 1. Introduction......Page 75 3. The LC Environment......Page 76 3.2. Bunch Timing......Page 77 4. Making the Most of the Tracker: The Energy Flow Method......Page 78 4.1. Segmentation Requirement......Page 79 4.2. Requirements for the Electromagnetic Calorimeter......Page 81 4.3. Requirements for the Hadmnic Calorimeter......Page 82 4.4. Limits to Jet Resolution......Page 83 5.1. TESLA......Page 85 5.2. JLC Detector......Page 88 5.3. SD and LD......Page 89 References......Page 90 1. Introduction......Page 91 2. Combined Energy–Flow, Main Idea......Page 94 3. Combined Energy–Flow, Energy Resolution Limit......Page 95 4. Combined Energy–Flow, Reconstruction Algorithm......Page 97 5. From IP to Calorimeter in detail......Page 98 Requirements for absorber material and sampling structure: Electromagnetic part:......Page 99 Electromagnetic part:......Page 100 Hadronic part:......Page 101 Requirements on the imaging calorimeter energy resolution:......Page 102 Compensation:......Page 103 References......Page 104 Calorimetry in Astrophysics......Page 106 Covener’s Report T. Parnell......Page 108 ATIC, a Balloon Borne Calorimeter for Cosmic Ray Measurements J. Isbert et al.......Page 110 1.2. The ATIC instrument......Page 111 1.3. The Target Module......Page 112 1.4. The Calorimeter......Page 113 3. Read out and control......Page 114 References......Page 115 1. Introduction......Page 116 2. Benchmarking and Testing FLUKA......Page 117 4. Brief Description of the Instrument Geometry Studied......Page 118 5. Resultant Backscatter Albedoes......Page 119 References......Page 121 1. Introduction: the PAMELA experiment......Page 122 2. Design characteristics of the PAMELA Imaging Calorimeter......Page 123 3. Simulated performance.......Page 124 4. Beam test results......Page 125 5 . Self-triggering operation of the calorimeter......Page 127 References......Page 128 1. Introduction......Page 129 2. Photomultiplier and its front end electronics......Page 131 3. Magnetic shielding and light collection system......Page 133 References......Page 134 1. Introduction......Page 135 3. Test beam setup......Page 136 4.1. Measurement of the effective sampling thickness......Page 137 4.3. Energy resolution......Page 138 5. 3D shower imaging......Page 139 References......Page 141 1. Introduction......Page 142 3. Calorimeter design overview......Page 143 4. Calorimeter status......Page 146 References......Page 147 1. Introduction......Page 148 3.1. Low energy regime......Page 149 3.2. High energy regime......Page 150 4. Position measurement......Page 151 4.2. Transverse position......Page 152 References......Page 153 Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM): Calibrating a Cosmic Ray Calorimeter O. Ganel et al.......Page 154 2. The CREAM Detector......Page 155 3. Calibration......Page 156 5. Conclusions......Page 158 References......Page 159 1. Introduction......Page 160 2. The VERITAS concept......Page 161 2.1. Optics......Page 162 2.2. Camera......Page 163 2.3. Electronics......Page 164 2.4. Performance of VERITAS: Simulations......Page 165 3. Energy Reconstruction and Calibration......Page 167 4. Conclusions......Page 170 References......Page 171 1. Introduction......Page 172 2. The Surface Detectors......Page 173 3. The Air Fluorescence Detectors......Page 174 5. Aperture and Event Rates......Page 175 6. Calibration and Energy Resolution......Page 176 7. Status of Auger......Page 177 8. Summary......Page 178 References......Page 179 Calorimetry (GeV-EeV) in AMANDA and IceCube Neutrino Telescopes J. Lamoureux (contribution not received)......Page 13 Crystal Calorimetry......Page 180 1. Introduction......Page 182 2. Readout Electronics and DAQ......Page 183 4. Calibration......Page 184 7. Summary......Page 186 References......Page 187 2. Calorimetry goals......Page 188 3.1. General Overview......Page 190 4.1. Overview......Page 191 4.3. Shower Energy Correction......Page 193 5.2. Resolution......Page 194 References......Page 195 2. Sources of Radiation Damage......Page 196 3.2. Leakage Currents......Page 197 4.1. Source Measurements......Page 198 5. Crystal Scanner Experiment......Page 199 Acknowledgments......Page 201 References......Page 202 1. Introduction......Page 203 2. Calorimeter structure and main features......Page 204 3. Calorimeter performance......Page 205 4. Tolerance to the high background environment......Page 207 References......Page 210 1. Introduction......Page 211 2. Crystal Growth......Page 212 3.1. Emission......Page 215 3.2. Transmittance and Birefringence......Page 216 3.3. Light Output and Decay Kinetics......Page 218 3.4. Light Output Degradation under Irradiation......Page 219 3.5. Damage Recovery......Page 220 3.6. Light Response Uniformity......Page 222 3.7. Radiation Induced Color Centers......Page 223 3.8. Stability......Page 224 4. Summary......Page 226 References......Page 228 1. Introduction......Page 229 2. Experimental Setup......Page 230 3. Energy Resolution......Page 231 4. Position Resolution......Page 232 5 . Detector Response versus Radiation Dose Rate......Page 233 References......Page 235 1. Physics Motivation......Page 236 2.2. The Detector Design......Page 237 3.1.2. The Response to Charged Particles......Page 239 3.2. The Photosensor......Page 241 4. Conclusion and Outlook......Page 242 References......Page 243 LSO — From Discovery to Commercial Development C. L. Melcher (contribution not received)......Page 14 1. Introduction......Page 244 1.1. The CMS PWO crystals......Page 245 2.1. Light Yield and Light Yield Uniformity......Page 246 2.2. Transmission......Page 248 3. Crystal measurements......Page 249 References......Page 251 1. Introduction......Page 252 2. APD properties......Page 253 3. APD Production......Page 256 4. Sample Testing......Page 259 References......Page 260 1. Introduction......Page 261 2. Barrel construction scheme......Page 262 4.1. Crystal quality control......Page 263 4.2. APDs and Capsules quality control......Page 264 4.6. Data tracking......Page 265 6. Conclusion......Page 266 References......Page 267 Medical Applications......Page 268 Covener’s Report C. Woody......Page 270 1. Introduction......Page 272 2. The PET World Picture......Page 273 3.1. Scintillators......Page 275 3.2. Avalanche Photodiodes......Page 277 3.3. Electronics......Page 278 3.4. Computing......Page 279 4. Discussion......Page 280 Acknowledgments......Page 281 References......Page 282 1. Introduction......Page 283 2. LuAP developments......Page 285 3. Study of new scintillators......Page 289 4. Lead Tungstate light yield improvement......Page 291 5 . Conclusions......Page 293 References......Page 294 1. Introduction......Page 295 3. Framework description......Page 296 4. Validation test......Page 297 5.1. A liquid xenon PET camera......Page 298 5.2. Effect of an axial magnetic field on image resolution......Page 301 References......Page 302 Silicon Calorimetry......Page 304 2. Silicon Detectors and Energy Flow......Page 306 References......Page 307 1. Introduction......Page 308 2. Detector......Page 309 3. Lateral shower profile......Page 311 4. Position measurement......Page 312 5. Energy measurement......Page 314 6. Final error on luminosity......Page 315 References......Page 316 1. Introduction......Page 317 2. Constraints on the design and the construction of the HES......Page 319 3. Experimental Setup......Page 320 4. Performance and Experience......Page 322 References......Page 324 1. Introduction......Page 325 2. Silicon and Readout Configuration......Page 326 3. Dynamic Range and Resolution Requirements......Page 328 References......Page 329 1.1. The physics......Page 330 1.2. The electromagnetic calorimeter......Page 331 3. A design......Page 332 4. Current developments in the CALICE collaboration, the objectives......Page 335 5. Perspectives and conclusions......Page 341 Simulation......Page 342 Covener’s Report C. Seez......Page 344 1. Introduction......Page 346 3. Simulation tools and Monte Carlo data samples......Page 347 4.2. Isolation based on the tracker......Page 349 5. Results......Page 350 References......Page 351 Comparisons of Electron and Muon Signals in the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeters with GEANT4 Simulations P. Loch et al.......Page 352 2. The ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeters......Page 353 3.1. Geometry Description......Page 354 3.2. Simulation Conditions......Page 355 4. Muon Signals in the EMB and HEC Modules......Page 356 5. Comparison of Electron Signals and Shower Parameters......Page 357 References......Page 359 1. Introduction......Page 360 2. Simulation and reconstruction of ECAL data......Page 361 3. Ecal data volume reduction......Page 362 3.1. Zero Suppression......Page 363 3.2. Regional Selective Readout......Page 364 References......Page 365 1.1. CDF calorimetry for run II......Page 366 1.2. The Gflash package......Page 367 2. Tuning Gflash with testbeam data......Page 369 2.3. Adjusting the energy dependence......Page 370 3. Remarks and conclusions......Page 373 References......Page 374 1. Introduction......Page 375 2. Forward Calorimeter......Page 376 3. Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter......Page 377 References......Page 381 1. Introduction......Page 382 3. Response to muons......Page 383 4. Response to electrons......Page 384 5 . Response to hadrons......Page 385 6 . Summary......Page 386 References......Page 387 1. Introduction......Page 388 2. The ATLAS Calorimeter System......Page 389 3. Simulation of Detector Response......Page 390 4. Jet Reconstruction......Page 391 5.1. Forward Jet Tagging and Low-pT Jet Veto......Page 392 5.2. Reconstruction of Resonances......Page 393 6. ETmiss Reconstruction......Page 394 References......Page 395 1. Introduction......Page 396 3.2. Use of Longitudinal Segmentation......Page 397 3.4. Correction for Out-of-Cone Tracks......Page 398 3.5. Energy Flow Algorithm......Page 399 References......Page 402 Calibration & Monitoring......Page 404 Covener’s Report M. Gataullin......Page 406 2. Neutrino Physics Experiments......Page 407 References......Page 408 Calibration of the KLOE Electromagnetic Calorimeter C. Gatti et al.......Page 409 2. Energy reconstruction and calibration......Page 411 3. Time reconstruction and calibration......Page 412 References......Page 414 2.1. CsI(Tl) crystal calorimeter......Page 415 2.3. Monitoring tools for stable operation......Page 416 3. Calibration......Page 417 5. Conclusion......Page 420 References......Page 421 2. ZEUS Uranium Calorimeter Architecture......Page 422 3. Calorimeter Readout......Page 424 4. Calibration Method and Monitoring......Page 425 5 . Summary......Page 428 References......Page 429 1.1. Energy Linearity and Resolution......Page 430 2. Energy calibration in PHENIX Configuration......Page 431 2.2. Absolute Energy Calibration......Page 432 References......Page 433 1. Introduction......Page 434 2. On-line Calibration......Page 435 2.1. Linearity Determination......Page 436 2.3. Gain Determination......Page 437 3. intercalibration......Page 438 4. Energy Scale from Z0-resonance......Page 439 6. Jet Energy Scale......Page 440 1. Introduction......Page 442 3.2. Hadronic section energy scale - Method I......Page 443 3.4. Hadronic section energy scale - Method III......Page 444 4.1. Dependence on the starting point of the showers......Page 445 4.2. Signal nonlinearity......Page 446 References......Page 448 1.1. The MINOS experiment......Page 449 1.3. The MINOS Detectors......Page 450 2. Overview of Calibration Procedure......Page 451 3.1. Overview......Page 452 3.2. Results......Page 453 4. Muon Calibration......Page 455 References......Page 456 1. Introduction......Page 457 2. Detector Specifications......Page 458 3. Beam Operation......Page 459 4.2. Hadrons and Muons......Page 460 5 . Conclusions......Page 461 References......Page 462 1. Introduction......Page 463 2. The SNO detector response......Page 464 3. The calibration systems and sources......Page 465 4. Calibration procedure and results......Page 468 6. Conclusions......Page 471 References......Page 472 1. Introduction: Time Reconstruction in AMANDA......Page 473 2. Laser Calibration......Page 474 3. Calibration with Cosmic Ray Muons......Page 475 4. Calibration of Digital Optical Modules......Page 477 References......Page 479 1. Introduction......Page 480 2.1. Z0 e+e-......Page 482 2.2. W ev......Page 483 2.3. J / e+e-......Page 484 2.4. ( 1s ) e+e -......Page 485 3. Event Rate and Time Needed for Precise Calibration......Page 486 3.1. Level 1 Trigger Efficiency......Page 487 3.2. Event Rate and Time to Reach Sub Percent Precision......Page 488 References......Page 489 1. Introduction......Page 490 2. Choice of Monitoring Wavelength......Page 491 3. Design of Monitoring Light Source and High Level Distribution System......Page 495 4. Laser Performance......Page 497 5. Summary......Page 498 References......Page 499 1. Introduction......Page 500 2.2. Light Mixing and Distribution......Page 502 2.4. Data Acquisition......Page 503 2.5. Results of the Stability Test......Page 505 References......Page 506 Cerenkov Calorirnetry......Page 508 Covener’s Report S. White......Page 510 Acknowledgments......Page 511 1. Introduction......Page 512 3.1. Transmittance loss during crystal growth......Page 513 3.2. lhnsmission loss after annealing in the open atmosphere......Page 515 References......Page 517 1. Introduction / Motivation......Page 518 2. Choice of Materials......Page 520 3. Geometry......Page 521 6. Summary/Status......Page 523 Acknowledgments......Page 524 1. Introduction......Page 525 2. Physics Goals of the Very Forward Calorimeter......Page 526 3. The CMS Forward Calorimeter Detector (HF)......Page 527 4. Prototypes......Page 528 6.1. Spatial Uniformity of PPP-I......Page 529 6.2. PPP-I Energy Resolution......Page 531 6.3. PPP-I Energy Linearity......Page 532 7. Radiation Damage Studies......Page 533 References......Page 535 1. Introduction......Page 536 2. Detector Array and Data Acquisition......Page 537 3. Calibrations......Page 538 4. Monte Carlo Event Simulation......Page 539 5. Results......Page 540 References......Page 541 Radio Cherenkov Detection of High Energy Particles D. Saltzherg (contribution not received)......Page 17 1. Introduction......Page 542 2. Experimental Setup and Data Taking......Page 543 3.1. Direct Comparison of Two Types of Fibres......Page 544 3.2. Darkening of Fibres......Page 545 4. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 546 Acknowledgments......Page 548 References......Page 549 Scintillation Calorimetry......Page 550 Covener’s Report S. White......Page 552 1. Calorimeter design......Page 553 1.1. The mechanics......Page 554 1.2. The optics system......Page 555 2. The modules instrumentation......Page 556 3. Modules certification......Page 557 References......Page 558 1. Detector......Page 559 2. Studies of the TileCal Performance......Page 560 3. Calibration and Monitoring in the TileCal......Page 563 References......Page 564 2. Central CMS Hadron Calorimeter......Page 565 4. Status of various sub-detectors:......Page 567 References......Page 569 2. Structure and Properties......Page 570 3.1. Performance......Page 572 3.2. Calibration......Page 573 4. Beam halo muons......Page 574 References......Page 577 2. Design......Page 578 4.3. Source Calibration......Page 580 5.2. Shower Profile......Page 581 6. Conclustions......Page 582 References......Page 583 1. Evolution of the Calorimeters and Run II Commissioning......Page 584 2. Select Jet Energy Measurements over 20 Years......Page 587 3. Time measurement......Page 589 References......Page 590 1. Introduction......Page 591 2.1. The Borexino design......Page 592 2.2. The photomultiplier tubes......Page 593 2.3. The liquid scintillator......Page 594 2.5. Calibrations and monitoring of the detector......Page 595 4. The Counting Test Facility......Page 596 References......Page 598 1. The MINOS Detector......Page 599 2. Detector Composition......Page 600 4. Module Testing......Page 601 5. Plane Construction and Installation......Page 602 Acknowledgments......Page 604 1. Introduction......Page 605 2. Pb-Sc accordion electromagnetic calorimeter design......Page 607 3. Simulation......Page 609 4. Conclusions and further prospects......Page 610 References......Page 611 2. The TESLA detector......Page 612 3.2. Signal read out and data acquisition......Page 614 4. Actual R&D studies......Page 616 5.1. The ”Minical” test array......Page 619 5.2. The prototype HCAL......Page 620 6. Concluding remarks......Page 621 References......Page 622 Electronics......Page 624 Covener’s Report J. Elias......Page 626 2. The front end electronics: requirements and description......Page 628 3. High voltage regulation, tests of the PMTs.......Page 629 4. Readout electronics: radiation tests; adder boards.......Page 630 5. Tests of the Super-Drawers (SD).......Page 632 References......Page 633 2. Requirements......Page 634 3. System Design......Page 635 4.1. Front End Board......Page 636 4.3. Tower Builder Board......Page 639 6. Conclusion and perspectives......Page 640 References......Page 641 First Results with the QIE8 ASIC S. Los (contribution not received)......Page 18 1.1. Physics Motivation......Page 642 2. Front-end electronics: PACE2......Page 643 2.1. Initial Performace......Page 645 3. Conclusion and Outlook......Page 646 References......Page 647 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 648 3. FRONT-END OVERVIEW......Page 649 4. THE FONT-END ELEMENTS OF THE ECAL/HCAL......Page 651 5. THE FRONT-END ELEMENTS OF THE PRESHOWER......Page 654 6. THE FRONT-END ELEMENTS OF THE SCINTILLATOR PAD DETECTOR......Page 659 7. CONCLUSION......Page 663 References......Page 664 1. Introduction......Page 665 2.2. The QIE......Page 666 2.3. The Current Buffer, Calibrator and Source Monitor......Page 668 3.1. Operation......Page 669 3.2. Control of Digital Noise......Page 671 References......Page 672 1. Introduction......Page 673 2.2. Correction & Shaping......Page 674 3. Acquisition......Page 675 3.2. The Lurni Bus......Page 676 4. Preliminary Performances......Page 677 References......Page 678 1. Introduction......Page 679 3. Diagnostics and Monitoring......Page 680 4.2. Electronics Noise......Page 681 4.3. Linearity......Page 683 4.4. Reliability......Page 684 References......Page 685 1.1. H1 Calorimetry......Page 686 1.2. Energy and Time Measurement......Page 687 1.3. Inter Crate Communication and VME Tree......Page 688 2.1. Servers, Clients and Protocols......Page 689 3. Real Time Behaviour......Page 691 Acknowledgements......Page 693 References......Page 694 Ionization Calorimetry......Page 696 Covener’s Report P. Schacht......Page 698 1.1. The ATC and the modifications for Run II......Page 700 1.2. Cooling procedure......Page 701 2.1. Absorption factor......Page 702 2.2.2. Calibration......Page 703 3.2. Calibration......Page 704 3.3. Results......Page 705 Acknowledgments......Page 706 References......Page 707 1. Introduction......Page 708 2. Overview of the D Detector Upgrade......Page 709 4. Liquid Argon Calorimeter......Page 710 4.1. Upgraded Calorimeter Electronics......Page 711 4.2. Commissioning of the Calorimeter Electronics......Page 713 6. Outlook......Page 714 References......Page 715 2.1. The barrel......Page 716 2.2. The end-caps......Page 718 3.1. The absorbers......Page 719 3.2. The electrodes......Page 720 4.3. High voltage test......Page 721 5. Uniformity......Page 722 References......Page 723 1. Introduction......Page 724 3.1. Electrical Detector Modeling......Page 725 3.2. Optimal Filtering......Page 726 4. Response to Muons......Page 727 5.1. Energy Resolution......Page 728 5.2. Position and Angular Resolution of the Endcap module......Page 729 5.3. Uniformity......Page 731 References......Page 732 1. Design of the hadronic Endcap Calorimeter......Page 733 3.1. Setup......Page 734 3.2. Module Performance......Page 735 3.3. Signal Readout......Page 738 References......Page 740 1. Introduction......Page 741 3.1. Energy Response and Resolution......Page 742 3.2. Ionization Current and Visible Energy......Page 744 5. Analysis of Charged Pion Data......Page 745 5.2. Ratio e / h......Page 746 5.3. Longitudinal and Transversal Shower Profiles......Page 747 References......Page 748 Simulations and Prototyping Studies for a Digital Hadron Calorimeter V. Zutshi (contribution not received)......Page 19 1.1. Physics Goals......Page 749 1.3. Purpose of Luminosity Monitor......Page 750 2.2. Physical Construction......Page 751 3.1. Resolution......Page 752 3.2. Linearity......Page 753 3.3. Synchrotron Radiation......Page 754 3.5. Lumi as a BPM......Page 755 References......Page 756 Jet Measurement......Page 758 1. Introduction......Page 760 2.1. Calorimeters calibration......Page 761 2.3. Jet reconstruction performance......Page 762 3.1. W Reconstruction method......Page 763 3.2. Jet mass dependence......Page 764 References......Page 767 1.1. The physics......Page 768 1.2. Impact on the physics programme of the jet resolution......Page 770 1.3. Reminder of the basics of the analytical energy flow method......Page 771 2. Elements for a calorimetric design (from the TESLA TDR)......Page 772 3. Some results about reconstruction......Page 773 4. Few more informations about the digital HCAL solution......Page 778 5. Perspectives and conclusions......Page 780 1. Introduction......Page 782 2.1. Energy calibration with DIS data......Page 783 2.2. Dijet Data in Photoproduction......Page 784 3. Towards a New Energy Weighting Scheme......Page 785 Acknowledgments......Page 786 References......Page 787 1. Introduction......Page 788 3. Jet energy scale uncertainty......Page 789 3.1. Method 1......Page 790 3.2. Method 2......Page 791 References......Page 793 2. Old and new jet algorithms......Page 794 2.2. Midpoint......Page 795 3. Comparison of cone algorithms......Page 796 4. Improving the Midpoint algorithm......Page 798 References......Page 801 Suppression of Pile-up Noise in a Jet Cone A . Savine......Page 802 Conclusions......Page 806 D’s Recent Results and Experiences with the kT and Cone Jet Algorithms J. Krane......Page 807 1. Inclusive Jet Cross Section with kT......Page 808 2. Diet Transverse Thrust......Page 811 3. Modification to the Cone Algorithm......Page 812 References......Page 813 1. The OPAL Detector......Page 814 2. Energy Flow Algorithm......Page 815 3. Jet Reconstruction......Page 817 References......Page 818 2. Jet reconstruction......Page 819 2.1. Jet flavour tagging......Page 820 2.2. Inter- jet phenomena......Page 821 3.2. Flavour tagging in Higgs searches and W measurements......Page 823 3.3. Mixed Lorena boosted Z0's in W mass measurement......Page 824 4. Extensions to linear collider physics......Page 825 References......Page 826 1. Motivation......Page 827 2. Single Particle Studies in Simulation......Page 828 2.1. Photons in the ECAL......Page 829 2.2. KL0 Mesons in ECAL and HCAL......Page 830 3. RPC R&D......Page 832 References......Page 834 1. Introduction......Page 835 2. Effects of the Jet Algorithm......Page 836 3.1. The basic idea......Page 841 3.2. No calorimeter......Page 842 3.3. Magnetic field effects......Page 843 3.4.1. Monte Carlo simulations......Page 846 3.4.2. Experimental data......Page 851 4. Conclusions......Page 853 References......Page 854 Perspective......Page 856 1. Introduction......Page 858 2. Status......Page 861 3.1. Non-compensation "constant term”......Page 865 3.2. Mixed Media......Page 866 3.3. Energy Flow......Page 868 4.1. Transverse Position......Page 874 4.2. Leakage and Depth......Page 875 4.3. Signal Speed......Page 878 4.4. Energg/Mass Error......Page 879 5. Future Developments and New Physics......Page 881 6. Summary......Page 886 References......Page 887 1. Introduction......Page 888 2. Cosmic Ray Experiments......Page 889 3. Gamma Ray Experiments......Page 894 4. Neutrino Experiments......Page 896 5 . Summary......Page 899 References......Page 900 Conference Pictures......Page 902 Author Index......Page 910 List of Participants......Page 916 The International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics is the major forum for the state-of-the-art developments of calorimetry technologies. The Tenth Conference was attended by more than 150 physicists from 16 countries and covered all aspects of calorimetric particle detection and measurements, with emphasis on high energy physics and astrophysics experiments. The proceedings contain three parts: introductory papers, contributed papers and perspective papers. The introduction starts with a historical review of calorimetry developments, and continues with overviews of the current status of calorimetry in high energy physics and astrophysics, which are followed by discussions on calorimetry in future accelerator facilities, such as linear colliders and the Super B factories. A "hot" technology regarding the "energy flow concept" is also discussed. The contributed papers are organized in 11 sessions. The perspective papers summarize the physics and limitation of calorimeter applications in high energy physics, astrophysics and medical industries Annotation. The International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics has become the major forum for state-of-the-art developments of calorimetry techniques. The tenth conference was attended by about 150 physicists from 20 countries and covered all aspects of calorimetric particle detection and measurements, with emphasis on high energy physics experiments as well as experiments in nuclear physics and astrophysics. The proceedings contain three parts: introductory papers, contributed papers and a summary. The introductory papers start with a historical review of the development of calorimetry technology, and continue with overviews of the current status of calorimetry in high energy physics and astrophysics, which are followed by discussions on calorimetry in future accelerator facilities, such as linear colliders and the Super B Factory. A "hot" technology regarding the "energy flow concept" is also dealt with
دانلود کتاب Calorimetry in Particle Physics: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference, California, USA 25-29 March 2002