Calcium : the molecular basis of calcium action in biology and medicine

The enormous and varied role of calcium in living systems is now widely appreciated by both cell biologists and clinicians. The identification and characterisation of new calcium binding proteins and regulatory pathways is matched by the recognition of the involvement of calcium binding proteins in a growing number of disease states. This book is intended to introduce clinicians to fundamental biological research, whilst at the same time attracting researchers to the clinical world. The publication of the book coincides with the elucidation of the complete Human Genomic Sequence. As a result of this, scientists now have access to an unprecedented array of data, from which new calcium binding proteins and hence new regulatory pathways will undoubtedly be discovered. It is a further aim of this book to provide a `key' to open the door to the new postgenomic era. The book is in three parts. The first section introduces the reader to the role of calcium in cell biology, providing an appreciation of how this small, simple, non-metabolisable agent can move rapidly and silently through the different cellular compartments, thereby influencing and controlling the fate of the cell. This section also illustrates and dissects the often-complex interplay between calcium and numerous agents in muscle and endocrine cells, neurons, hepatocytes, and platelets. In the second section the reader will discover the role of calcium and its partners in common diseases such as migraine and drug dependence. New classes of diseases such as annexinopathies, channelopathies, calcium-sensing disorders, and citrullinemia are discussed, and the authors give many new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the diseases, thereby explaining how and why they occur. Such information is clearly of primary importance for the pharmaceutical industry. New ideas and concepts of neurodegenerative diseases are introduced, which should stimulate new approaches. Clinicians will also have access, in a comprehensive and authoritative yet highly readable chapter, to data from recent large-scale clinical studies on the numerous and widely prescribed calcium antagonists. The final section gives information on new methods and devices for calcium imaging, and illustrates how calcium movement and change can be monitored and ingeniously utilised as a fast, cheap, and accurate drug screening instrument. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxix From Genes to Drugs....Pages 1-6 Front Matter....Pages 7-7 Regulation of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate-Induced Ca 2+ Release by Ca 2+ ....Pages 179-190 Calreticulin and Dynamics of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumenal Environment....Pages 191-204 Ryanodine-Sensitive Calcium Release Channels....Pages 205-219 Calcium Inhibition of Cytoplasmic Streaming....Pages 221-244 Penta-EF-Hand (PEF) Proteins and Calsenilin/DREAM: Involvement of the New EF-Hand Calcium-Binding Proteins in Apoptosis and Signal Transduction....Pages 245-258 Activation of Programmed Cell Death by Calcium: Protection against Cell Death by the Calcium Binding Protein, Calbindin-D 28k ....Pages 259-275 Calcium and Cellular Ageing....Pages 277-286 Ca 2+ Release in Muscle Cells....Pages 9-25 Calcium Signalling in Neurons Exemplified by Rat Sympathetic Ganglion Cells....Pages 27-44 Calcium and Platelets....Pages 45-71 Calcium Signalling in Liver Cells....Pages 73-94 Intercellular Calcium Signaling in “Non-Excitable” Cells....Pages 95-108 The Ca 2+ -Mobilizing Second Messenger Cyclic ADP-Ribose....Pages 109-128 Visinin-Like Proteins (VILIPs) — Emerging Role in Cross-Talk between Cellular Signaling Pathways....Pages 129-149 The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and the Calcium Signal....Pages 287-303 Calcium Binding to Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Functional and Pathological Effects....Pages 151-164 The Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor: Molecular Features, Distribution and Its Role in Physiology and Disease....Pages 165-177 Front Matter....Pages 305-305 Annexinopathies....Pages 307-316 Autoimmune Disease and Calcium Binding Proteins....Pages 317-331 Front Matter....Pages 305-305 Calcium Antagonists and Calcium Sensitizers....Pages 333-363 Calcium-Binding Proteins in Type I Allergy: Elicitors and Vaccines....Pages 365-377 Calcium Channelopathies in Nervous System....Pages 379-400 Calcium and Diabetes....Pages 401-413 Calcium and Muscle Disease: Pathophysiology of Calpains and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A (LGMD2A)....Pages 415-442 Role of Calcium Channels in Drug Dependence....Pages 443-464 S100 Proteins and Fatty Acid Transport Are Altered in Skin Diseases....Pages 465-476 Calcium-Binding Proteins in Degenerative and Cancer-Related Diseases of the Eye....Pages 477-492 Calcium ATPases Genes and Cell Transformation....Pages 493-504 Interaction of Dimeric S100B( ββ ) with the Tumor Suppressor Protein p53: A Model for Ca 2+ -Dependent S100-Target Protein Interactions....Pages 505-519 The Interaction of Calmodulin with Novel Target Proteins....Pages 521-539 Type II Citrullinemia (Citrin Deficiency): A Mysterious Disease caused by a Defect of Calcium-Binding Mitochondrial Carrier Protein....Pages 541-563 High Calcium Concentrations, Calpain Activation and Cytoskeleton Remodeling in Neuronal Regeneration after Axotomy....Pages 565-587 Genetic Factors and the Role of Calcium in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis....Pages 589-605 The Role of Intracellular Calcium Signaling in Motoneuron Function and Disease....Pages 607-623 Front Matter....Pages 625-637 Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Screening....Pages 639-639 Calcium in Drug Screening....Pages 641-646 Imaging Intracellular Calcium in Living Tissue by Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy....Pages 647-659 Immature Mouse Oocyte as a Model for Imaging Nuclear Calcium Dynamics....Pages 661-671 Front Matter....Pages 673-682 Single Cell Fluorescence Imaging to Investigate Calcium Signaling in Primary Cultured Neurones....Pages 639-639 Calcium Complexities: New Fluorescence Techniques for Probing Mitochondria and Other Subcellular Compartments....Pages 683-696 Back Matter....Pages 697-713 ....Pages 715-732 The working draft of the human genome (95% of the whole genome) has now been published.