متابولیسم کلسیم و فسفر

Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism focuses on the metabolism of calcium and inorganic phosphorus and covers topics ranging from the mechanism of calcium and phosphorus absorption in the intestine to calcium and phosphorus balances and retention. The results of balance experiments on the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus are also presented. This book is comprised of 15 chapters and begins with an introduction to dietary sources of calcium and phosphorus, including water. The influence of vitamin D on the mechanism of calcium and phosphorus absorption in the intestine is then examined, along with calcium and phosphorus content of the body; recommended daily calcium and phosphorus requirements; calcium and phosphorus in the blood; and bone formation and resorption. The remaining chapters explore the chemical and organic composition of bone, together with theories of mineralization and the action of endocrine glands on bone as well as calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The final chapter is devoted to the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the teeth. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for biochemists and physiologists. Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 6 Dedication......Page 3 PREFACE......Page 10 Chapter 1. Dietary Sources of Calcium and Phosphorus......Page 12 Water as a Source of Calcium......Page 14 Vitamin D......Page 16 Calcium Absorption......Page 17 Calcium-Binding Protein (CaBP)......Page 20 Enzymes and Calcium Absorption......Page 23 Phosphorus Absorption......Page 24 Submicroscopic Location of Vitamin D......Page 25 Vitamin D Metabolites......Page 26 Distribution of Vitamin D in the Body......Page 29 Calcium......Page 32 Habituation to Low Calcium Intakes......Page 35 Other Factors Affecting Calcium Absorption......Page 36 Absorption of Phosphorus......Page 38 Total Calcium......Page 40 Effects of Dietary Calcium......Page 41 Placental Transfer of Calcium and Phosphorus......Page 42 Calcium Content in Humans......Page 44 Calcium Content in Individual Tissues......Page 46 Phosphorus Content of the Body......Page 47 Chapter 5. Calcium and Phosphorus Balances and Retention......Page 50 Adaptation to Low Calcium Intakes......Page 51 Calcium and Phosphorus Studies......Page 52 Calcium Requirements......Page 60 Phosphorus......Page 63 Blood Calcium......Page 64 Forms of Blood Calcium......Page 65 Blood Calcium and Egg-Laying......Page 68 Blood Phosphorus......Page 69 Homeostasis of Plasma Phosphate......Page 70 Forms of Phosphorus in the Blood......Page 71 Nonultrafiltrable Phosphorus......Page 72 Endocrine Factors and the Blood Calcium and Phosphorus Levels......Page 73 Dietary Factors and the Blood Calcium and Phosphorus Levels......Page 74 Bone Formation......Page 76 Bone Resorption......Page 78 Chemical Composition of Bone......Page 82 The Apatite Crystals of Bone......Page 83 Organic Constituents of Bone......Page 89 Theories of Mineralization......Page 92 Protein Uptake and Bone Formation......Page 104 Vitamin A......Page 105 Ascorbic Acid......Page 106 Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D......Page 108 Histological Changes in Rickets......Page 109 Vitamin D......Page 111 Hypophysis......Page 118 Estrogens......Page 119 The Parathyroid Gland......Page 120 Cyclic AMP......Page 129 Calcitonin......Page 132 Thyroid......Page 135 Osteoporosis......Page 136 Enamel......Page 140 Dentin......Page 144 Metabolic Activity of the Teeth......Page 146 Influence of Factors upon Erupting Teeth......Page 148 Experimental Dental Caries......Page 149 Vitamins......Page 150 Endocrine Glands......Page 151 Calcium......Page 152 Phosphorus......Page 155 Magnesium, Calcium, and Phosphorus......Page 158 Introduction......Page 160 Kinetic Analysis......Page 161 Cybernetic Analysis......Page 179 Concluding Remarks......Page 196 Calcium and Nerve Excitation......Page 198 Calcium in Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission......Page 201 Calcium and Cellular Extrusion Processes......Page 203 The Role of Calcium in Muscular Contraction......Page 208 Calcium and Mitochondria......Page 213 Other Functions of Calcium and Concluding Remarks......Page 216 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 218 SUBJECT INDEX......Page 252