C++20 Quick Syntax Reference : A Pocket Guide to the Language, APIs, and Library

This quick C++ 20 guide is a condensed code and syntax reference to the popular programming language, fully updated for C++20. It presents the essential C++20 code syntax in a well-organized format that can be used as a handy reference. This edition covers topics including designated initializers, lambdas and lambda captures, the spaceship operator, pack expressions, string literals as template parameters, atomic smart pointers, and contracts. It also covers library changes including extended futures, latches and barriers, task blocks, and text formatting. In the __C++20 Quick Syntax Reference__, you will find short, simple, and focused code examples. This book includes a well-laid-out table of contents and a comprehensive index allowing for easy review. You won’t find any technical jargon, bloated samples, drawn out history lessons, or witty stories in this book. What you will find is a language reference that is concise, to the point, and highly accessible. The book is packed with useful information and is a must-have for any C++ programmer. **What You'll Learn** * Discover the key C++20 features * Work with concepts to constrain template arguments * Use modules as a replacement for header files * Take advantage of the three-way comparison operator * Create immediate functions using the consteval keyword * Make use of constexpr, constinit and designated initializers **Who This Book Is For** Experienced C++ programmers. Additionally, this is a concise, easily-digested introduction for other programmers new to C++. Table of Contents About the Author About the Technical Reviewer Introduction Chapter 1: Hello World Choosing an IDE Creating a Project Adding a Source File Selecting Language Standard Hello World Using the Standard Namespace IntelliSense Chapter 2: Compile and Run Visual Studio Compilation Console Compilation Comments Chapter 3: Variables Data Types Declaring Variables Assigning Variables Variable Scope Integer Types Signed and Unsigned Integers Numeric Literals Floating-Point Types Literal Suffixes Char Type Bool Type Chapter 4: Operators Arithmetic Operators Assignment Operators Increment and Decrement Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators Bitwise Operators Operator Precedence Chapter 5: Pointers Creating Pointers Dereferencing Pointers Pointing to a Pointer Dynamic Allocation Null Pointer Chapter 6: References Creating References References and Pointers Reference and Pointer Guideline Rvalue Reference Chapter 7: Arrays Array Declaration and Allocation Array Assignment Multidimensional Arrays Dynamic Arrays Array Size Vector Chapter 8: Strings String Combining Escape Characters String Compare String Functions String Encodings String Formatting Chapter 9: Conditionals If Statement Switch Statement Ternary Operator Initializers Chapter 10: Loops While Loop Do-while Loop For Loop Break and Continue Goto Statement Chapter 11: Functions Defining Functions Calling Functions Function Parameters Default Parameter Values Function Overloading Return Statement Forward Declaration Pass by Value Pass by Reference Pass by Address Return by Value, Reference, or Address Inline Functions Auto and Decltype Returning Multiple Values Lambda Functions Chapter 12: Classes Class Methods Inline Methods Object Creation Accessing Object Members Forward Declaration Chapter 13: Constructors Constructor Overloading This Keyword Field Initialization Default Constructor Destructor Special Member Functions Object Initialization Direct Initialization Value Initialization Copy Initialization New Initialization Aggregate Initialization Uniform Initialization Designated Initializers Chapter 14: Inheritance Upcasting Downcasting Constructor Inheritance Multiple Inheritance Chapter 15: Overriding Hiding Derived Members Overriding Derived Members Base Class Scoping Pure Virtual Functions Chapter 16: Access Levels Private Access Protected Access Public Access Access Level Guideline Friend Classes and Functions Public, Protected, and Private Inheritance Chapter 17: Static Static Fields Static Methods Static Local Variables Static Global Variables Chapter 18: Enum Types Enum Example Enum Constant Values Enum Scope Weakly Typed Enums Enum Constant Type Chapter 19: Structs and Unions Structs Struct Initialization Union Anonymous Union Chapter 20: Operator Overloading Binary Operator Overloading Unary Operator Overloading Comparison Operator Overloading Overloadable Operators Chapter 21: Custom Conversions Implicit Conversion Constructor Explicit Conversion Constructor Conversion Operators Explicit Conversion Operators Chapter 22: Namespaces Accessing Namespace Members Nesting Namespaces Importing Namespaces Namespace Member Import Namespace Alias Type Alias Including Namespace Members Chapter 23: Constants Constant Variables Constant Pointers Constant References Constant Objects Constant Methods Constant Return Type and Parameters Constant Fields Constant Expressions Immediate Functions Constant Guideline Chapter 24: Preprocessor Including Source Files Define Undefine Predefined Macros Macro Functions Conditional Compilation Compile if Defined Error Line Pragma Attributes Chapter 25: Exception Handling Throwing Exceptions Try-Catch Statement Rethrowing Exceptions Noexcept Specifier Exception Class Chapter 26: Type Conversions Implicit Conversions Explicit Conversions C++ Casts Static Cast Reinterpret Cast Const Cast C-Style and New-Style Casts Dynamic Cast Dynamic or Static Cast Chapter 27: Smart Pointers Unique Pointer Shared Pointer Weak Shared Pointer Chapter 28: Templates Function Templates Calling Function Templates Multiple Template Parameters Class Templates Non-type Parameters Default Types and Values Class Template Specialization Function Template Specialization Variable Templates Variadic Templates Fold Expressions Concepts Abbreviated Function Templates Template Lambdas Chapter 29: Headers Why Use Headers Using Headers What to Include in Headers Inline Variables Include Guards Modules Index This Quick C++ 20 Guide Is A Condensed Code And Syntax Reference To The Popular Programming Language, Fully Updated For C++20. It Presents The Essential C++20 Code Syntax In A Well-organized Format That Can Be Used As A Handy Reference. This Edition Covers Topics Including Designated Initializers, Lambdas And Lambda Captures, The Spaceship Operator, Pack Expressions, String Literals As Template Parameters, Atomic Smart Pointers, And Contracts. It Also Covers Library Changes Including Extended Futures, Latches And Barriers, Task Blocks, And Text Formatting. In The C++20 Quick Syntax Reference, You Will Find Short, Simple, And Focused Code Examples. This Book Includes A Well-laid-out Table Of Contents And A Comprehensive Index Allowing For Easy Review. You Won’t Find Any Technical Jargon, Bloated Samples, Drawn Out History Lessons, Or Witty Stories In This Book. What You Will Find Is A Language Reference That Is Concise, To The Point, And Highly Accessible. The Book Is Packed With Useful Information And Is A Must-have For Any C++ Programmer. What You'll Learn Discover The Key C++20 Features Work With Concepts, Feature Test Macros, Bit-casting, Conditional Explicit Modifiers, Constexpr Virtual Functions, Ranges, Concept Terse Syntax, Constexpr Libs, And The Revised Memory Model Use Coroutines, Modules, Improved Structured Bindings, And More Take Advantage Of Transactional Memory Who This Book Is For Experienced C++ Programmers. Additionally, This Is A Concise, Easily-digested Introduction For Other Programmers New To C++. This quick C 20 guide is a condensed code and syntax reference to the popular programming language, fully updated for C 20. It presents the essential C 20 code syntax in a well-organized format that can be used as a handy reference. This edition covers topics including designated initializers, lambdas and lambda captures, the spaceship operator, pack expressions, string literals as template parameters, atomic smart pointers, and contracts. It also covers library changes including extended futures, latches and barriers, task blocks, and text formatting. In the C 20 Quick Syntax Reference, you will find short, simple, and focused code examples. This book includes a well-laid-out table of contents and a comprehensive index allowing for easy review. You won’t find any technical jargon, bloated samples, drawn out history lessons, or witty stories in this book. What you will find is a language reference that is concise, to the point, and highly accessible. The book is packed with useful information and is a must-have for any C programmer. What You'll Learn Discover the key C 20 features Work with concepts to constrain template arguments Use modules as a replacement for header files Take advantage of the three-way comparison operator Create immediate functions using the consteval keyword Make use of constexpr, constinit and designated initializers Who This Book Is For Experienced C programmers. Additionally, this is a concise, easily-digested introduction for other programmers new to C . This quick C++ 20 guide is a condensed code and syntax reference to the popular programming language, fully updated for C++20. It presents the essential C++20 code syntax in a well-organized format that can be used as a handy reference. This edition covers topics including designated initializers, lambdas and lambda captures, the spaceship operator, pack expressions, string literals as template parameters, atomic smart pointers, and contracts. It also covers library changes including extended futures, latches and barriers, task blocks, and text formatting. In the C++20 Quick Syntax Reference, you will find short, simple, and focused code examples. This book includes a well-laid-out table of contents and a comprehensive index allowing for easy review. You won't find any technical jargon, bloated samples, drawn out history lessons, or witty stories in this book. What you will find is a language reference that is concise, to the point, and highly accessible. The book is packed with useful information and is a must-have for any C++ programmer. You will: Discover the key C++20 features ; Work with concepts to constrain template arguments ; Use modules as a replacement for header files ; Take advantage of the three-way comparison operator ; Create immediate functions using the consteval keyword ; Make use of constexpr, constinit and designated initializers