میکروبیولوژی برای علوم بهداشتی اثر بورتون: نسخهٔ بهبود یافته

Title Page Copyright Page Dedication About the Author Preface User’s Guide Reviewers Contents Chapter 1 Microbiology—The Science Introduction What Is Microbiology? Why Study Microbiology? First Microorganisms on Earth Earliest Known Infectious Diseases Pioneers in the Science of Microbiology Careers in Microbiology Chapter 2 Viewing the Microbial World Introduction Using the Metric System to Express the Sizes of Microbes Microscopes Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Taxonomy Introduction Eukaryotic Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell Structure Summary of Structural Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Reproduction of Organisms and Their Cells Taxonomy Evolution and the Tree of Life Determining Relatedness among Organisms Chapter 4 Acellular and Prokaryotic Microbes Introduction Part 1: Viruses and Other Nonliving, Acellular Microbes Part 2: Bacteria and Other Prokaryotic Microbes Chapter 5 Eukaryotic Microbes Introduction Part 1: Algae Part 2: Protozoa Part 3: Fungi Part 4: Lichens Part 5: Slime Moulds Chapter 6 The Biochemical Basis of Life Introduction Organic Chemistry Biochemistry Chapter 7 Microbial Physiology and Genetics Microbial Physiology Metabolic Enzymes Metabolism Bacterial Genetics Genetic Engineering Gene Therapy Chapter 8 Controlling Microbial Growth In Vitro Introduction Part 1: Factors That Affect Microbial Growth Part 2: Encouraging the Growth of Microbes In Vitro Part 3: Inhibiting the Growth of Microbes In Vitro Chapter 9 Inhibiting the Growth of Pathogens In Vivo using Antimicrobial Agents Introduction Characteristics of an Ideal Antimicrobial Agent How Antimicrobial Agents Work Antibacterial Agents Antimycobacterial Agents Antifungal Agents Antiparasitic Agents Antiviral Agents Drug Resistance Some Strategies in the War against Drug Resistance Empiric Therapy Undesirable Effects of Antimicrobial Agents Concluding Remarks Chapter 10 Microbial Ecology and Microbial Biotechnology Introduction Symbiotic Relationships Involving Microorganisms The Human Microbiome Project Indigenous Microbiota of Humans Beneficial and Harmful Roles of Indigenous Microbiota Microbial Communities (Biofilms) Agricultural Microbiology Microbial Biotechnology References Chapter 11 Epidemiology and Public Health Epidemiology Interactions between Pathogens, Hosts, and Environments Chain of Infection Strategies for Breaking the Chain of Infection Reservoirs of Infection Modes of Transmission Public Health Agencies Bioterrorism and Biologic Warfare Agents Water Supplies and Sewage Disposal Chapter 12 Health Care Epidemiology and Infection Prevention and Control Introduction Health Care–Associated Infections Infection Prevention and Control Conclusions Chapter 13 Diagnosing Infectious Diseases Introduction Clinical Specimens The Pathology Department (“The Lab”) The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Chapter 14 Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases Introduction Infection versus Infectious Disease Why Infection Does Not Always Occur Four Periods or Phases in the Course of an Infectious Disease Localized versus Systemic Infections Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Diseases Symptoms of a Disease versus Signs of a Disease Latent Infections Primary versus Secondary Infections Steps in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases Virulence Virulence Factors Chapter 15 Nonspecific Host Defense Mechanisms Introduction Nonspecific Host Defense Mechanisms First Line of Defense Second Line of Defense Chapter 16 Specific Host Defense Mechanisms: An Introduction to Immunology Introduction The Key to Understanding Immunology Primary Functions of the Immune System Major Arms of the Immune System Immunity Cells of the Immune System Where Do Immune Responses Occur? Humoral Immunity Cell-Mediated Immunity Hypersensitivity and Hypersensitivity Reactions Autoimmune Diseases Immunosuppression The Immunology Laboratory Chapter 17 Overview of Human Infectious Diseases Introduction Infectious Diseases of the Skin Infectious Diseases of the Ears Infectious Diseases of the Eyes Infectious Diseases of the Respiratory System Infectious Diseases of the Oral Region Infectious Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract Infectious Diseases of the Genitourinary System Infectious Diseases of the Circulatory System Infectious Diseases of the Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases Possible Relationships between Disease States and Our Microbiome Chapter 18 Viral Infections of Humans Introduction How Do Viruses Cause Disease? Viral Infections of the Skin Viral Infections of the Ears Viral Infections of the Eyes Viral Infections of the Respiratory System Viral Infections of the Oral Region Viral Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract Viral Infections of the Genitourinary System Viral Infections of the Circulatory System Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System Recap of Major Viral Infections of Humans Appropriate Therapy for Viral Infections Chapter 19 Bacterial Infections of Humans Introduction How Do Bacteria Cause Disease? Bacterial Infections of the Skin Bacterial Infections of the Ears Bacterial Infections of the Eyes Bacterial Infections of the Respiratory System Bacterial Infections of the Oral Region Bacterial Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract Bacterial Infections of the Genitourinary System Bacterial Infections of the Circulatory System Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System Diseases Caused by Anaerobic Bacteria Diseases Associated With Biofilms Recap of Major Bacterial Infections of Humans Recap of Major Bacterial Pathogens of Humans Appropriate Therapy for Bacterial Infections Chapter 20 Fungal Infections of Humans Introduction How Do Fungi Cause Disease? Classification of Fungal Diseases Fungal Infections of the Oral Region Fungal Infections of the Genitourinary System Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System Microsporidial Infections Recap of Major Fungal Infections of Humans Appropriate Therapy for Fungal Infections Chapter 21 Parasitic Infections of Humans Introduction Definitions How Parasites Cause Disease Parasitic Protozoa Protozoal Infections of Humans Helminths Helminth Infections of Humans Appropriate Therapy for Parasitic Infections Medically Important Arthropods Appendix A Answers to Self-Assessment Exercises Appendix B Answers to the Case Studies Appendix C Useful Conversions Appendix D Greek Alphabet Glossary Index