Building Ukraine From Within : A Sociological, Institutional, and Economic Analysis of a Nation-State in the Making

Ukraine drew significant media attention after the 2013-2014 Revolution of Dignity and the subsequent undeclared war waged by Russia. However, the nature of these events and their impact on the social, economic, and political development of this country remain understudied and hence often misunderstood. Building Ukraine from Within offers an inside look at the recent developments in Ukraine and poses the question of whether transition from externally to internally driven development is possible in this case. Anton Oleinik argues that Ukraine is currently going through a revolutionary period aimed at building a nation-state and its aftermath. Ukraine is a latecomer in this process, especially compared with most other European countries. Its outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. It is yet to be seen if a current surge in volunteerism and bottom-up civic initiatives will lead to the emergence of a viable and sustainable national democratic system in this country. Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Images Acknowledgments Introduction ‘Looking East, looking West and looking inside’ From an outside to inside focus I. A known unknown II. Which case? II.1 A paradigmatic case II.2 An extreme/deviant case II.3 A critical case III. Is it all geopolitics? IV. Towards Ukraine’s internally driven development? V. What the Ukrainian case can teach the West? VI. Organisation of the book Chapter 1 ‘Lessons of history: At the crossroads between various paths’ Introduction: a place between two borderlands I. Longue durée and courte durée I.1 Histories of Ukraine I.2 A nation-state in its childhood I.2.a Vikings I.2.b Tatars I.2.c Lithuanians I.2.d Poles I.2.e Austrians I.2.f Russians I.2.g Independence II. Myths of the nation-state in the making II.1 Cossackdom II.1.a Zaporozhian Cossacks II.1.b Ukrainian Cossacks II.2 Freedom II.3 Individualism II.4 Democracy II.4.a Viche II.4.b Rada: the institution of military democracy II.5 Return to the West II.6 Unruliness II.7 Betrayal II.8 Holodomor II.9 Heroes Conclusions Chapter 2 ‘Value of freedom: The case of the post-Soviet Ukraine’ Introduction I. Freedom: instrumental and terminal values II. Qualitative and quantitative approaches to assessing the value of freedom III. Sources of information IV. Unexplained components of freedom IV.1 Statistical tests IV.2 Content analysis Conclusion Chapter 3 ‘Mass protests in 2013–2014: The Revolution of Dignity or EuroMaidan?’ I. Repertoires of collective action: Between singularity and modularity I.1 Repertoire of collective action I.1.a Street protests I.1.b Sit-ins I.1.c Strike I.1.d Violent clashes I.1.e Mass media I.1.f Internet I.2 Modularity I.3 Relocation I.4 Actors: entrepreneurs and communities I.5 Elective affinity II. Case study of Maidan in 2013 III. Sources of information IV. Analysis Conclusion Chapter 4 ‘Images of the protests: A comparative analysis of the Ukrainian and Russian protesters’ Introduction I. Sources of the data on mass protests: an overview I.1 Social networking sites I.2 Mass surveys I.3 Image banks I.4 Other sources II. Sociological profile of protesters in Moscow and Kyiv II.1 December 2011 Moscow protests II.2 Maidan in November-December 2013 III. Internal dynamics of the Ukrainian protests IV. Visual records compared with the other sources of data on mass protests Conclusion Appendix Chapter 5 ‘Undeclared war: Invisible and visible forms of Russia’s domination’ Introduction I. Techniques of power: from force to domination by virtue of a constellation of interests II. Markets versus empires III. Market-based empires IV. The 2014 Ukrainian crisis through the lens of the power triad Conclusions: The price of comfort and opulence Chapter 6 ‘Transition impossible? Ukraine between violence and power’ Introduction II. Conflicting discourses on power III. Ukraine as a case in point IV. Path-dependence and changes in the perception of power Conclusions Chapter 7 ‘Honour and human rights: A comparative study of Ukraine and Russia’ Introduction I. Human rights and honour in the context of dignity I.1 Dignity perceived through the lens of human rights I.2 Dignity perceived through the lens of honour I.3 Types of culture depending on the relative importance of honour and human rights II. Research design and sources of data III. Discussion: between honour and human rights III.1 What meanings are attributed to the notion of human dignity in today’s Ukraine and Russia? III.2 Has the relative importance of human rights and honour changed over time in Russian and Ukrainian cultures? III.3 Is the perception of human dignity malleable? III.4 Predictors for the selection of human rights and honour as correlates of human dignity Conclusion Chapter 8 ‘Ukrainian economic thought at the crossroads’ Introduction I. From an outside to inside focus in economic sciences II. Current state of economic sciences in Ukraine III. Need for Ukrainian economists’ greater contribution to nation-state building Conclusions Chapter 9 ‘The national market in the making’ Introduction I. Externally driven economy I.1 External and internal actors of economic modernisation I.2 Dependence on the situation in the world commodities markets I.3 Market as a weapon in a conflict situation II. The national market: a survival kit or an engine of development? II.1 On the brink of a collapse II.2 Goodwill to an asymmetrical solution III. Case of the timber industry: tensions between open economy and the national market Conclusion Chapter 10 ‘Volunteers: Actors of internal growth’ Introduction I. Types and functions of volunteerism I.1 Taxonomy of volunteerism I.2 Role of volunteer initiatives in state- and nation building II. Data and methods III. Portrait of Ukraine’s volunteers III.1 Scope and scale of volunteerism in today’s Ukraine III.1.a Volunteerism as a substitute for the weak state III.1.b Volunteerism as civic activism III.1.c Between informality and formality III.1.d Surge in volunteerism: a quantitative assessment III.2 Predictors for the involvement into volunteering IV. Social innovations made by Ukrainian volunteers IV.1 Use of Facebook as a means to increase transparency IV.2 From social networks to social connections: on matchmaking IV.3 Adaptation of some traditional social institutions for the purposes of volunteerism Conclusion Annex A Annex B Conclusion ‘Guiding or helping hand? On the role of foreign assistance’ I. On an emerging concept of the Ukrainian nation I.1 Nation forged by the shared experience of resistance I.2 Scaling up the post-2013 volunteer experience II. On the role of foreign assistance and aid II.1 Vernacularising and de-politicising programs of assistance II.1.a USAID programs II.1.b (Geo)political dimension II.2 Supporting projects that demonstrated their viability II.2.a No food for grant-eaters II.2.b Helping hand for grassroots initiatives II.3 Helping and letting the local actors do References Index Ukraine drew significant media attention after the 2013–2014 Revolution of Dignity and the subsequent undeclared war waged by Russia. However, the nature of these events and their impact on the social, economic, and political development of this country remain under-studied and, hence, often misunderstood. The reader is invited to take an inside look at the recent developments in Ukraine and to search for an answer to the question of whether transition from externally to internally driven development is possible in this case. Anton Oleinik argues that Ukraine is currently going through a revolutionary period aimed at building a nation-state and its aftermath. Ukraine is a latecomer in this process, especially compared with most other European countries. Its outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. It is yet to be seen if a current surge in volunteerism and bottom-up civic initiatives will lead to the emergence of a viable and sustainable national democratic system in this country. Ukraine drew significant media attention after the 2013?2014 Revolution of Dignity and the subsequent undeclared war waged by Russia. However, the nature of these events and their impact on the social, economic, and political development of this country remain under-studied and, hence, often misunderstood. The reader is invited to take an inside look at the recent developments in Ukraine and to search for an answer to the question of whether transition from externally to internally driven development is possible in this case. 0Anton Oleinik argues that Ukraine is currently going through a revolutionary period aimed at building a nation-state and its aftermath. Ukraine is a latecomer in this process, especially compared with most other European countries. Its outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. It is yet to be seen if a current surge in volunteerism and bottom-up civic initiatives will lead to the emergence of a viable and sustainable national democratic system in this country