علم ساختمان و فیزیک عملکرد محفظه ساختمان

THIS COMPILATION OF Selected Technical Papers, STP1617, Building Science and the Physics of Building Enclosure Performance, contains peer-reviewed papers that were presented at a symposium held October 21--22, 2018, and December 2, 2018, in Washington, DC, USA. The symposiums were sponsored by ASTM International Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing. Symposium Chairs and STP Editors: Daniel J. Lemieux Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Falls Church, VA, USA Jennifer Keegan GAF Materials Corporation Parsippany, NJ, USA TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview Energy Codes and Standards: Do They Reflect Best Practice in Building Envelope Performance Changes in Exterior Envelope Systems Thermal Performance Requirements and Impacts upon Design, Materials, Products, and Systems Building Physics of HVAC Interaction with Enclosure Systems and People A Window of Opportunity Predicted Thermal and Hygrothermal Improvements for a Mid-Twentieth-Century Brutalist Landmark Integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Condensation Risk Assessments: Using Project Specific Analyses to Better Inform the Design of Buildings Approach to Incorporating Water Entry and Water Loads to Wall Assemblies When Completing Hygrothermal Modelling Solutions to Address Osmosis and the Blistering of Liquid Applied Waterproofing Membranes Design Criteria and Solutions to Common Issues in Building Envelope Design Unintended Consequences: A Review of Critical Details, Serviceability, and Durability of Modern High-Performance Facades Two Agencies, BECx, and Design-Build: Challenges and Opportunities for BECx with Multiagency Involvement and Design-Build Project Delivery BECx: A Case Study for Lessons Learned Ventilation and Moisture Control in Architectural Metal Panel Roofing Systems Air Barrier Performance and Life Cycle from Inception to Installation Thermal Bridging and Linear Thermal Transmittance Calculations for Balconies Moisture Reduction Strategies for Building Envelopes Assessment of Water Damage in a Mass Masonry Wall Building Evaluating the Impact of Moisture Content on Thermal Resistance of Mass Masonry Wall Assemblies Thermal Performance of Spandrel Assemblies in Glazing Systems Cover Title Page Copyright Page Foreword Contents Overview Energy Codes and Standards: Do They Reflect Best Practice in Building Envelope Performance? Introduction Building and Energy Codes Case Study Building Whole Building Air Leakage Measurement Building Energy Model Simulation Cost Analysis Results and Discussion Building Envelope Air Leakage Rates Roof Insulation Minimum R-values Fenestration Performance Conclusions Acknowledgments References Changes in Exterior Envelope Systems’ Thermal Performance Requirements and Impacts upon Design, Materials, Products, and Systems Introduction Background Ashrae 90.1 Requirements Title 42—the Public Health and Welfare of the Us Code Envelope Compliance Options Code Adoption Ashrae 90.1 Progression Ashrae 90.1 Compliance Options Application Fenestration and Improving Thermal Performance New Technologies Other Energy Standards and Programs for Buildings Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Net-zero Energy Buildings (nzeb) and Net-zero-plus Buildings (nepb) Eui Federal Guiding Principles Summary References Building Physics of Hvac Interaction with Enclosure Systems and People Introduction Modes of Heat Transfer Tall Building Stack Effect—not Always What It Seems Hvac Considerations in Spaces for Children Hvac Flow and Interior Fit-out Odors in Spaces Glazing and Hvac Interaction Conclusions Reference Awindow of Opportunity Introduction A Brief History of Architectural Glazing Dealing with Performance Issues from Glazing Case Studies of Sensitive Glazing Refurbishments Case Study 1: Teak Window Assembles at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies Case Study 2: the Historic Glazed Facade of the Gibraltar Savings and Loan Association Building Conclusion References Predicted Thermal and Hygrothermal Improvements for a Mid-twentieth-century Brutalist Landmark Background Building Enclosure Components and Operating Conditions Building Enclosure Performance Issues Building Enclosure Investigation and Analysis Investigation of Water Leakage Field Investigation of Interior Condensation Analytical Assessment of Interior Condensation Boundary Conditions Results for Roofs, Glazing, and Second-floor Structure Understanding Exterior Wall Observations Using a Combination of Modeling Tools Field Investigation of Air Leakage Required Enclosure Repairs to Address Condensation Additional Building Enclosure Repairs to Improve Energy Performance Enclosure Performance Assessment—baseline and Energy Improvements Analysis of U-factor Improvements Discussion and Summary Futurework and Research Needs Acknowledgments References Integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Condensation Risk Assessments: Using Project Specific Analyses to Better Inform the Design of Buildings Introduction The Film Coefficient Mechanical System Design Case Study: Analysis of a Museum Environment Model Development Cfd Inputs Overall Cfd Analysis Results Using Cfd Analysis Results to Predict Film Coefficients Two-dimensional Thermal Analysis Results Conclusions References Role of Initial Moisture Content on Hygrothermal Models and Envelope Performance Introduction Hygroscopic Nature of Materials Impacts of Moisture Content Within a Material Moisture Sources During Construction and Initial Moisture Content Material-specific Recommendations for Acceptable Moisture Content Initial Moisture Content in Hygrothermal Models Envelope Assemblies Critically Sensitive to Initial Moisture Content Field Data Collection and Model Calibration Conclusions and Recommendations References Approach to Incorporating Water Entry and Water Loads to Wall Assemblies When Completing Hygrothermal Modelling Introduction Description of Test Methods Water Entry Characteristics of the Cladding System Water Retention Characteristics of a Wall Assembly Results and Discussion Water Entry Test Results Water Retention Test Results Water Retention as a Function of Wind-driven Rain Comparison of Results with Ashrae 160 Conclusions References Solutions to Address Osmosis and the Blistering of Liquid Applied Waterproofing Membranes Introduction What Is Osmosis? Methodology Osmotic Flow Rate Test Long-term Absorption Test Vapor Permeance Test Results and Discussion Osmosis Protocol Testing Results Vapor Permeance and Membrane Aging Options for Baseline Adjustments Using a Proxy for Osmotic Risk Conclusion Developing a Standardized Approach References Design Criteria and Solutions to Common Issues in Building Envelope Design Introduction Value of a Building Envelope Consultant Design Assistance Building Envelope Commissioning Full-time Observation System Integration Design Material Compatibility Drainage Movement Testing Building Envelopes Electronic Leak Detection Versus Flood Testing Infrared Thermography Green Roofs Conclusion References Unintended Consequences: a Review of Critical Details, Serviceability, and Durability of Modern High-performance Facades Introduction Case Study—analysis of Modern Building Enclosure Failures Postoccupancy Operational Challenges Initial Investigation and Repair Efforts Subsequent Investigation and Remediation Efforts Economics and Importance The Four Orders of Failure Characterization of Failures Strategies to Predict and Prevent Building Enclosure Failures Serviceability and Durability Value Management Quality Assurance and Quality Control Conclusion References Two Agencies, Becx, and Design-build: Challenges and Opportunities for Becx with Multiagency Involvement and Design-build Project Delivery Introduction Exemplar Projects Selecting a Standard Multiagency Stakeholders—challenges and Opportunities Stakeholders Managing Multiple Stakeholders and Opr Development—practical Concerns Challenges and Opportunities with Design-build Design Build Becx—potential Challenges Project Timeline, Influence Potential, and Cost Becx for Design-build—high Costs? Design-build—challenges and Advantages Becx and Procurement and Project Delivery Core Competency Practical Considerations—logistics Conclusions References Becx: a Case Study for Lessons Learned Introduction The Becx Process Becx Standards and Guides Becx Roles and Responsibilities Case Study Project Background Late Involvement Issue Resolutions Becx Scope of Work Select Identified Concerns Summary References Ventilation and Moisture Control in Architectural Metal Panel Roofing Systems Introduction Industry and Building Code Requirements for Ventilation Code Provisions Industry Guidance Case Studies Construction Moisture Trapped in Roofing Assembly Humidified Air Exfiltration/diffusion into Roofing System Supporting Computer Modeling of Heat and Moisture Transfer Mechanisms Roof Assembly and Boundary Conditions for Models Materials and Assumptions Cases Modeled Results Discussion Conclusions References Air Barrier Performance and Life Cycle from Inception to Installation Background Air Barrier Background Air Barrier Testing and Compliance Options Code Requirements and Standards Life Cycle Assessment of Air Barrier Systems Definitions: Life Cycle Assessment, Environmental Product Declaration, Product Category Rules Life Cycle Assessment Example Calculations: Small Hotel Building Prototype Example Calculations: Details for Performance Air Barrier Design, Installation, and Verification Air Barrier Design Air Barrier Installation Air Barrier Quality Assurance and Verification Conclusions References Thermal Bridging and Linear Thermal Transmittance Calculations for Balconies Introduction Experiment Setup Results and Discussion Acknowledgments References Moisture Reduction Strategies for Building Envelopes Introduction Background Data Monitoring Condensation Potential Research Case Study No. 1—air Movement Strategy Case Study No. 2—ventilation Strategy Summary References Assessment of Water Damage in a Mass Masonry Wall Building Background Investigation Visual Assessment Analysis Testing Repairs Summary References Evaluating the Impact of Moisture Content on Thermal Resistance of Mass Masonry Wall Assemblies Introduction Moisture Content Thermal Resistance Moisture Content Versus Thermal Resistance Case Studywalls In Situ Data Collection Data Analysis Wall Assembly 1 Wall Assembly 2 Wall Assembly 3 Conclusion Future Studies References Thermal Performance of Spandrel Assemblies in Glazing Systems Introduction Definition of Spandrel Assemblies Building Energy Code and Referenced Energy Standards Industry Standards Ansi/nfrc 100 Aama 507 Research Spandrel Thermal Performance Simulation Best 4 Conference Paper Fenestration Association of British Columbia Reference Procedure Parametric Thermal Analysis Model Geometry and Assumptions Methodology Automated Overall Spandrel U-factor Calculation Observations and Discussion Building Code Required Spandrel U-factor Method 0—1-d U-factor Comparing 2-d Methods Comparing 2-d Methods Versus 3-d Method Therm Versus Ansys Conclusions Future Development and Research Acknowledgments References Back Cover THIS COMPILATION OF Selected Technical Papers, STP1617, contains peer-reviewed papers that were presented at a symposium held October 21--22, 2018, and December 2, 2018, in Washington, DC, USA. The symposiums were sponsored by ASTM International Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing. Jennifer Keegan __GAF Materials Corporation Parsippany, NJ, USA__ Overview Changes in Exterior Envelope Systems Thermal Performance Requirements and Impacts upon Design, Materials, Products, and Systems A Window of Opportunity Integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Condensation Risk Assessments: Using Project Specific Analyses to Better Inform the Design of Buildings Solutions to Address Osmosis and the Blistering of Liquid Applied Waterproofing Membranes Unintended Consequences: A Review of Critical Details, Serviceability, and Durability of Modern High-Performance Facades BECx: A Case Study for Lessons Learned Air Barrier Performance and Life Cycle from Inception to Installation Moisture Reduction Strategies for Building Envelopes Evaluating the Impact of Moisture Content on Thermal Resistance of Mass Masonry Wall Assemblies "This compilation of Selected Technical Papers, STP1617, Building Science and the Physics of Building Enclosure Performance, contains peer-reviewed papers that were presented at symposiums held October 21-22, 2018, and December 2, 2018, in Washington, DC, USA. The symposiums were sponsored by ASTM International Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing"-- Provided by publisher Energy codes and standards : Do they reflect best practice in building envelope performance? / Tat Fu, Jason Der Ananian, Brent Gabby Changes in exterior enclosure systems thermal performance requirements and impacts / William Jensen, Paul Johnson Building physics of HVAC interaction with enclosure systems and people / Paul Totten,Charlotte Metzler.