Building Resilience of Floating Children and Left-Behind Children in China : Power, Politics, Participation, and Education

"The past two decades have seen exponential growth of urbanisation and migration in China. Emerging from this growth is a population of floating and left-behind children which is estimated to be approaching 100 million. Due to their increasing risks of undesirable educational and social, as well as health and psychological, outcomes, there is a great urgency to help floating children and left-behind children beat the odds. This book offers an analysis of how oscillations of government discourse have come to shape central and local educational policies regarding the schooling of these children. It also delves into child and youth resilience in this unique migration context, examining what can be done to build up resilience of floating and left-behind children. In this vein, the book will complement current knowledge and advance context- and culture-specific understandings of child and youth resilience through both school-based and community-based approaches. The book aims to answer a fundamental question: How to help floating children and left-behind children become responsive and resilient to structural deficiencies and dynamics in the migration context of China? This is important reading for scholars, school professionals, community workers, and policy makers to better address the social and educational resilience and wellbeing of floating and left-behind children."--Provided by publisher Cover Title Copyright Contents List of tables List of f igures Preface Acknowledgements 1 Floating children and left-behind children in the migration context: a three-level field analysis of power, policy, and participation Government’s manipulation over migration: from control, through acquiescence, to favouritism Power, policy, and participation: floating children and left-behind children in an era of large-scale migration Government transitions and ideological reworkings: Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development, and the Chinese Dream Policies in the 1990s: institutional discrimination against floating children Policy making during the period from the early 2000s to 2013: do-gooder approach to floating children and left-behind children Policy making since 2013 onwards: favouritism towards left-behind children A sociological interpretation: cross-field effects and three-level field analysis Cross-field effects amongst the fields of power, policy, and education A three-level field analysis: power, politics, and participation Why resilience matters for floating children and left-behind children 2 Seminal work, paradigmatic shifts, and foundational models: approaching a sociology of child and youth resilience Conceptualising resilience: individual qualities, ecological resources, cultural contexts, and constructionist perspectives Modelling resilience: compensatory model, protective model, and challenge model Building resilience in everyday contexts: the “ordinary magic” of family, school, and community An emergent sociology of resilience Gender- and age-based resilience process Resilience as a classed project Building resilience for ethnic minority children Resilience as a set of embodied dispositions: the role of habitus Capital in child and youth resilience Developing a sociological definition of resilience 3 Quantifying child and youth resilience: methodological conundrum and psychometric validation Can resilience be measured in a no-risk condition? Can resilience be measured directly? Culture-sensitive approach to measuring resilience Validation of the Chinese version of the CYRM-12: research context, design, procedure, and results Text translation, back-translation, and face validity of the Chinese CYRM-12 Internal consistency reliability of the Chinese CYRM-12 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA): construct validity of the Chinese CYRM-12 Structural Equation Modelling (SEM): multi-group analysis and measurement invariance of the Chinese CYRM-12 Convergent validity of the Chinese CYRM-12 Methodological lessons from validation of the Chinese CYRM-12 4 Resistance as a sociological process of resilience: indigenous voices from under-resourced migrant families Resistance to imposed stereotype as a form of resilience The portrayal of Xiaobao: a floating child, an early school leaver The portrayal of Xiaoliu: a left-behind child, a dab hand at chores Disengagement in mainstream schooling and deviation from stereotyped desirable future Resistance, resilience, and sociological implications 5 Recreation, socialisation, and resilience: the “magic” of physical activity Physical activity: benefits for health and implications for resilience Stories about physical activity: recreation, socialisation, and resilience Statistical evidence: physical activity, resilience, and positive outcomes Problematising the deficit model and the ‘epistemological parochialism’ Working through the stories and the statistics: hedonism and eudaimonism A compensatory model of building resilience Implications for school professionals, community workers, and policy makers 6 Social capital and community-based resilience building: Social Network Analysis, social connectedness, and social support Initiatives of community-based resilience building Local policy context in Beijing Evergreen community schools: sanctuary for floating children Resilience building and social networking within evergreen schools Resilience, social capital, and togetherness-of-differences Theoretical and methodological coda 7 Resilience in the face of illness, fear, and stigma: being floating, left behind, and HIV positive, so what? Resilience of HIV-positive children – a field that we know little about Vicissitudes of the resilience process of an HIV-positive youngster Attenuating the deficit of left-behind experience: domestic care, community socialisation, and school support Precipitous collapse of the foundation of resilience: falling prey to the affliction of migration Reverting to the normal trajectory and developing a better self: the power of resilience The ebbs and flows of resilience across time and space 8 Developing a sociology of resilience: reflexive learning and implications for practice, policy, and education Coming into a cultural inheritance: resilience as a habitus of Chineseness Continuous morphing of floating and left-behind phenomena Implications for intervention design and policy making Participant objectivation Concluding remarks Index "The past two decades have seen exponential growth of urbanisation and migration in China. Emerging from this growth is a population of floating and left-behind children which is estimated to be approaching 100 million. Due to their increasing risks of undesirable educational and social, as well as health and psychological, outcomes, there is a great urgency to help floating children and left-behind children beat the odds. This book offers an analysis of how oscillations of government discourse have come to shape central and local educational policies regarding the schooling of these children. It also delves into child and youth resilience in this unique migration context, examining what can be done to build up resilience of floating and left-behind children. In this vein, the book will complement current knowledge and advance context- and culture-specific understandings of child and youth resilience through both school-based and community-based approaches. The book aims to answer a fundamental question: How to help floating children and left-behind children become responsive and resilient to structural deficiencies and dynamics in the migration context of China? This is important reading for scholars, school professionals, community workers, and policy makers to better address the social and educational resilience and wellbeing of floating and left-behind children." (source : éditeur) Emerging from two decades of exponential growth is a population of nearly 100 million floating children and left-behind children. This book offers an analysis of how oscillations of government discourse have come to shape central and local educational policies regarding the schooling of these children.