Building a world heritage city : Sana'a, Yemen

The conservation of old Sanaa is a major cultural heritage initiative that began in the 1980's under the auspices of UNESCO; it continues today, led by local agencies and actors. In contrast to other parts of the world where conservation was introduced at a later date to remediate the effects of modernization, in Yemen the two processes have been more or less concurrent. This has resulted in a paradox: unlike many other countries in the Middle East that abandoned traditional construction practices long ago, in Yemen these practices have not died out. Builders and craftsmen still work in 'traditional' construction, and see themselves as caretakers of the old city. At the same time, social forms that shaped the built fabric persist in both the old city and the new districts. Yemenis, in effect, are not separated from their heritage by an historical divide. For Centuries, The English Lake District Has Been Renowned As An Important Cultural, Sacred And Literary Landscape. It Is Therefore Surprising That There Has So Far Been No In-depth Critical Examination Of The Lake District From A Tourism And Heritage Perspective. Bringing Together Leading Writers From A Wide Range Of Disciplines, This Book Explores The Tourism History And Heritage Of The Lake District And Its Construction As A Cultural Landscape From The Mid Eighteenth Century To The Present Day. It Critically Analyses The Relationships Between History, Heritage, Landscape, Culture And Policy That Underlie The Activities Of The National Park, Cumbria Tourism And The Proposals To Recognise The Lake District As A Unesco World Heritage Site. It Examines All Aspects Of The Lake District's History And Identity, Brings The Story Up To Date And Looks At Current Issues In Conservation, Policy And Tourism Marketing. In Doing So, It Not Only Provides A Unique And Valuable Analysis Of This Region, But Offers Insights Into The History Of Cultural And Heritage Tourism In Britain And Beyond.-- Part I. Lake District History And Identity. The Lake District Landscape: Cultural Or Natural? / Susan Denyer -- Setting The Scene / John K. Walton -- The Landscape Encountered By The First Tourists / Angus J.l. Winchester -- Landscape And Society: The Industrial Revolution And Beyond / John K. Walton -- American Tourists In Wordsworthshire: From ’national Property’ To ’national Park’ / Melanie Hall -- Part Ii. Lake District Tourism Themes. The Imaginative Visitor: Wordsworth And The Romantic Construction Of Literary Tourism In The Lake District / Keith Hanley -- ’inhabited By Strangers’: Tourism And The Lake District Villa / Adam Menuge -- The Origins And Development Of Mountaineering And Rock-climbing Tourism In The Lake District, C. 1800-1914 / Jonathan Westway -- Sport, Tourism And Place Identity In The Lake District, 1800-1950 / Mike Huggins And Keith Gregson -- Part Iii. Lake District Tourism Case Studies. Claife Station And The Picturesque In The Lakes / Sarah Rutherford -- Furness Abbey: A Century And A Half In The Tourists’ Gaze, 1772-1923 / Jason Wood -- The Post-industrial Picturesque? Placing And Promoting Marginalised Millom / David Cooper; Edited By John K. Walton, Jason Wood. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 263-268) And Index. This Book Examines The Ways In Which The Cultivation, Preparation, And Consumption Of Food Is Used To Create Identity Claims Of 'cultural Heritage' On Local, Regional, National And International Scales.--p. [2]. Re-inventing A Tradition Of Invention: Entrepreneurialism As Heritage In American Artisan Cheesemaking / Heather Paxson -- Terroir In D.c.? Inventing Food Traditions For The Nation's Capital / Warren Belasco -- Of Cheese And Ecomuseums: Food As Cultural Heritage In The Northern Italian Alps / Cristina Grasseni -- Edible Authenticities: Heirloom Vegetables And Culinary Heritage In Kyoto, Japan / Greg De St. Maurice -- The Everyday As Extraordinary: Revitalization, Religion, And The Elevation Of Cucina Casareccia To Heritage Cuisine In Pietrelcina, Italy / Michael A. Di Giovine -- Take The Chicken Out Of The Box: Demystifying The Sameness Of African American Culinary Heritage In The U.s. / Psyche Williams-forson -- Caldo De Piedra And Claiming Pre-hispanic Cuisine As Cultural Heritage / Ronda L. Brulotte And Alvin Starkman -- Hallucinating The Slovenian Way: The Myth Of Salamander Brandy, An Indigenous Slovenian Psychedelic Drug / Miha Kozorog -- Haute Traditional Cuisines: How Unesco's List Of Intangible Heritage Links The Cosmopolitan To The Local / Clare A. Sammells -- Reinventing Edible Identities: Catalan Cuisine And Barcelona's Market Halls / Josep-maria Garcia-fuentes, Manel Guardia Bassols And Jose Luis Oyon Banales -- French Chocolate As Intangible Cultural Heritage / Susan Terrio -- Daily Bread, Global Distinction? The German Bakers' Craft And Cultural Value-enhancement Regimes / Regina F. Bendix -- The Mexican And Transnational Lives Of Corn: Technological, Political, Edible Object / Erick Castellanos And Sarah Bergstresser -- Cultural Heritage In Food Activism: Local And Global Tensions / Carole Counihan. Edited By Ronda L. Brulotte, Michael A. Di Giovine. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "Partitioned Lives: The Irish Borderlands explores everyday life and senses of identity and belonging along a contested border whose official functions and local impacts have shifted across the twentieth century. It does so through the accounts of contemporary borderland residents in Ireland and Northern Ireland who shared with us their reflections on and experiences of the border from the 1950s to the present day. Since the border is the product of the partition of the island and the creation of Northern Ireland, its meaning has been deeply entangled with the radically and often violently opposed perspectives on the legitimacy of Northern Ireland and the political reunification of the island. Yet the intensely political symbolism of the border has meant that relatively little attention has been paid to the lived experience of the border, its material presence in the landscape and in people's lives, and its materialisation through the practices and policies of the states on either side. Drawing on recent approaches within historical, political and cultural geography and the cross-disciplinary field of border studies, this book redresses this neglect by exploring the Irish border in terms of its meanings (from the political to the personal) but also, and importantly, through the objects (from tables of custom regulations and travel permits to road blocks and military watch towers) and practices (from official efforts to regulate the movement of people and objects across it to the strategies and experiences of those subject to those state policies) through which it was effectively constituted. The focus is on the Irish border as practised, experienced and materially present in the borderlands." Présentation de l'éditeur The massive intentional destruction of cultural heritage during the 1992-1995 Bosnian War targeting a historically diverse identity provoked global condemnation and became a seminal marker in the discourse on cultural heritage. It prompted an urgent reassessment of how cultural property could be protected in times of conflict and led to a more definitive recognition in international humanitarian law that destruction of a people's cultural heritage is an aspect of genocide. Yet surprisingly little has been published on the subject. This wide-ranging book provides the first comprehensive overview and critical analysis of the destruction of Bosnia-Herzegovina's cultural heritage and its far-reaching impact. Scrutinizing the responses of the international community during the war (including bodies like UNESCO and the Council of Europe), the volume also analyses how, after the conflict ended, external agendas impinged on heritage reconstruction to the detriment of the broader peace process and refugee return. It assesses implementation of Annex 8 of the Dayton Peace Agreement, a unique attempt to address the devastation to Bosnia's cultural heritage, and examines the treatment of war crimes involving cultural property at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). With numerous case studies and plentiful illustrations, this important volume considers questions which have moved to the foreground with the inclusion of cultural heritage preservation in discussions of the right to culture in human rights discourse and as a vital element of post-conflict and development aid. As the hundredth anniversary approaches, it is timely to reflect not only upon the Great War itself and on the memorials which were erected to ensure it did not slip from national consciousness, but also to reflect upon its rich and substantial cultural legacy. This book examines the heritage of the Great War in contemporary Britain. It addresses how the war maintains a place and value within British society through the usage of phrases, references, metaphors and imagery within popular, media, heritage and political discourse. Whilst the representation of the war within historiography, literature, art, television and film has been examined by scholars seeking to understand the origins of the 'popular memory' of the conflict, these analyses have neglected how and why wider popular debate draws upon a war fought nearly a century ago to express ideas about identity, place and politics. By examining the history, usage and meanings of references to the Great War within local and national newspapers, historical societies, political publications and manifestos, the heritage sector, popular expressions, blogs and internet chat rooms, an analysis of the discourses which structure the remembrance of the war can be created. The book acknowledges the diversity within Britain as different regional and national identities draw upon the war as a means of expression. Whilst utilising the substantial field of heritage studies, this book puts forward a new methodology for assessing cultural heritage and creates an original perspective on the place of the Great War across contemporary British society. In 1972, UNESCO put in place the World Heritage Convention, a highly successful international treaty that influences heritage activity in virtually every country in the world. Focusing on the Convention's creation and early implementation, this book examines the World Heritage system and its global impact through diverse prisms, including its normative frameworks, constituent bodies, programme activities, personalities and key issues. The authors concentrate on the period between 1972 and 2000 because implementation of the World Heritage Convention during these years sets the stage for future activity and provides a foil for understanding the subsequent evolution in the decade that follows. This innovative book project seeks out the voices of the pioneers - some 40 key players who participated in the creation and early implementation of the Convention - and combines these insightful interviews with original research drawn from a broad range of both published and archival sources. The World Heritage Convention has been significantly influenced by 40 years of history. Although the text of the Convention remains unchanged, the way it has been implemented reflects global trends as well as evolving perceptions of the nature of heritage itself and approaches to conservation. Some are sounding the alarm, claiming that the system is imploding under its own weight. Others believe that the Convention is being compromised by geopolitical considerations and rivalries. This book stimulates reflection on the meaning of the Convention in the twenty-first century. 'Society of Architectural Historians Spiro Kostof Book Award, Honorable Mention, 2018'The conservation of old Sanaa is a major cultural heritage initiative that began in the 1980's under the auspices of UNESCO; it continues today, led by local agencies and actors. In contrast to other parts of the world where conservation was introduced at a later date to remediate the effects of modernization, in Yemen the two processes have been more or less concurrent. This has resulted in a paradox: unlike many other countries in the Middle East that abandoned traditional construction practices long ago, in Yemen these practices have not died out. Builders and craftsmen still work in'traditional'construction, and see themselves as caretakers of the old city. At the same time, social forms that shaped the built fabric persist in both the old city and the new districts. Yemenis, in effect, are not separated from their heritage by an historical divide. What does it mean to conserve in a place where the'historic past'is, in some sense, still alive? How must international agencies and consultants readjust theory and practice as they interact with living representatives of this historic past? And what are the implications of the case of Sanaa for conservation in general? Building a World Heritage City addresses these questions and also fosters greater cultural understanding of a little known, but geopolitically important, part of the world that is often portrayed exclusively in terms of unrest and political turmoil. Pasargadae is the location of the tomb of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Through the ages it was Islamised and the tomb was ascribed to the Mother of Solomon. It was only at the beginning of the twentieth century that archaeological evidence demonstrated the relationship between the site and Cyrus and it was appropriated into conflicting political discourses on nationalism and Islamism while concurrently acknowledged as a national and then a World Heritages site. However, Pasargadae is neither an isolated World Heritage site, nor purely a symbol of abstract state politics. Pasargadae and its immediate vicinity constitute a living landscape occupied by villagers, nomads and tourists. This edited volume presents for the first time a broad, multi-disciplinary examination of Pasargadae by experts from both outside and within Iran. It specifically focuses on those disciplines that are absent from existing studies, such as ethnography, tourism and museum studies providing valuable insights into this fascinating place. In its totality, the book argues that to understand World Heritage sites and their problems fully, a holistic approach should be adopted, which considers the manifold of perspectives and issues. It also puts forward a novel approach to the question of heritage, representation and construction of collective identity from the framework of place. Food - its cultivation, preparation and communal consumption - has long been considered a form of cultural heritage. A dynamic, living product, food creates social bonds as it simultaneously marks off and maintains cultural difference. In bringing together anthropologists, historians and other scholars of food and heritage, this volume closely examines the ways in which the cultivation, preparation, and consumption of food is used to create identity claims of'cultural heritage'on local, regional, national and international scales. Contributors explore a range of themes, including how food is used to mark insiders and outsiders within an ethnic group; how the same food's meanings change within a particular society based on class, gender or taste; and how traditions are'invented'for the revitalization of a community during periods of cultural pressure. Featuring case studies from Europe, Asia and the Americas, this timely volume also addresses the complex processes of classifying, designating, and valorizing food as'terroir,''slow food,'or as intangible cultural heritage through UNESCO. By effectively analyzing food and foodways through the perspectives of critical heritage studies, this collection productively brings two overlapping but frequently separate theoretical frameworks into conversation. Descripción del editor: "For centuries, the English Lake District has been renowned as an important cultural, sacred and literary landscape. It is therefore surprising that there has so far been no in-depth critical examination of the Lake District from a tourism and heritage perspective. Bringing together leading writers from a wide range of disciplines, this book explores the tourism history and heritage of the Lake District and its construction as a cultural landscape from the mid eighteenth century to the present day. It critically analyses the relationships between history, heritage, landscape, culture and policy that underlie the activities of the National Park, Cumbria Tourism and the proposals to recognise the Lake District as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It examines all aspects of the Lake District's history and identity, brings the story up to date and looks at current issues in conservation, policy and tourism marketing. In doing so, it not only provides a unique and valuable analysis of this region, but offers insights into the history of cultural and heritage tourism in Britain and beyond." (AbeBooks) Conceptualising A World Heritage Site / Ali Mozaffari -- Archaeological Approaches And Their Future Directions In Pasargadae / Rémy Boucharlat -- The Current State Management Of Pasargadae : Problems And Prospects / Mohammad-hassan Talebian -- Archaeology And Useful Knowledge : Pasargadae And The Rationalities Of Digging Real Places / William M. Taylor -- The Costs Of Paradise : Temporalisations Of Place In Pasargadae / Riccardo Baldissone -- Pasargadae, Mâdar Soleimân And Leila : Placing Pasargadae Within Its Present Rural Context / Soheila Shahshahani -- Perspectives And Prospects For Cultural Tourism In The Pasargadae Region / Tod Jones And Mohammad-hassan Talebian -- The Past In The Present : Using Poetics As An Interpretative Strategy At Pasargadae / Jennifer Harris -- The (unfinished) Museum At Pasargadae / Ali Mozaffari And Nigel Westbrook -- Antinomies Of Development : Heritage, Media And The Sivand Dam Controversy / Elham Shamoradi, Ebrahim Abdollahzadeh. Edited By Ali Mozaffari. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Introduction / Helen Walasek -- Destruction of the cultural heritage in Bosnia-Herzegovina : an overview / Helen Walasek -- Documenting the destruction / Richard Carlton and Helen Walasek -- Topography of destruction : post-conflict fieldwork assessing the cultural heritage in Bosnia-Herzegovina / Richard Carlton and Helen Walasek -- Cultural heritage protection in post-conflict Bosnia-Herzegovina : Annex 8 of the Dayton Peace Agreement / Valery Perry -- Domains of restoration : actors and agendas in post-conflict Bosnia-Herzegovina / Helen Walasek -- The built heritage in the post-war reconstruction of Stolac / Amra Hadzimuhamedovic -- Restoring war-damaged built cultural heritage in Bosnia-Herzegovina : an international perspective / Tina Wik -- Cultural heritage, the search for justice and human rights / Helen Walasek -- Appendix A: Brief introduction to the cultural heritage of Bosnia-Herzegovina / Helen Walasek -- Glossary The Massive Intentional Destruction Of Cultural Property During The 1992-1995 Bosnian War Was A Seminal Marker In Cultural Heritage. This Important Volume Offers The First Comprehensive Overview And Critical Analysis Of The Wartime Destruction And Post-conflict Reconstruction Of Bosnia-herzegovina’s Cultural Heritage And Its Far-reaching Impact. Scrutinizing The Responses Of The International Community (including Unesco), And Examining The International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia And Implementation Of Annex 8 Of The Dayton Agreement, It Considers Questions Which Have Moved To The Foreground With The Inclusion Of Cultural Heritage Preservation In Human Rights Discourse And In Post-conflict And Development Aid. Taking the significant Faro Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (Council of Europe 2005) as its starting point, this book presents pragmatic views on the rise of the local and the everyday within cultural heritage discourse. Bringing together a range of case studies within a broad geographic context, it examines ways in which authorised or'expert'views of heritage can be challenged, and recognises how everyone has expertise in familiarity with their local environment. The book concludes that local agenda and everyday places matter, and examines how a realignment of heritage practice to accommodate such things could usefully contribute to more inclusive and socially relevant cultural agenda. Partitioned Lives: The Irish Borderlands explores everyday life and senses of identity and belonging along a contested border whose official functions and local impacts have shifted across the twentieth century. It does so through the accounts of contemporary borderland residents in Ireland and Northern Ireland who share their reflections on and experiences of the border from the 1950s to the present day. Drawing on recent approaches within historical, political and cultural geography and the cross-disciplinary field of border studies, this book explores the Irish border in terms of its meanin The massive intentional destruction of cultural heritage during the 1992-1995 Bosnian War became a seminal marker in the discourse on cultural heritage, stimulating global condemnation and provoking a variety of strong responses from international and national political and cultural heritage organizations, individual professionals and members of the public. This led (among other things) to a more definitive recognition in international humanitarian law practice that the destruction of a people's cultural heritage was an aspect of genocide This book examines the World Heritage system and its global impact through diverse prisms, including its normative frameworks, constituent bodies, programme activities, personalities and key issues. Concentrating on the period between 1972 and 2000, this innovative book project seeks out the voices of the pioneers - some 40 key players who participated in the creation and early implementation of the Convention - and combines these insightful interviews with original research drawn from a broad range of both published and archival sources Bringing together cultural anthropologists, archaeologists, historians and other scholars of food and heritage, this volume examines the ways in which the cultivation, preparation, and consumption of food is used to create identity claims of cultural heritage on local, regional, national and international scales. It examines issues of food, ethnicity and class and delves into problematics of the designating, classifying, and valorising foods as a particular culture's heritage. Taking the Faro Convention (Council of Europe 2005) as its starting point, this book presents views on the rise of localism within cultural heritage discourse. It examines ways in which authorised heritage discourse can be challenged, and explores the ambitions and potential of well-meaning localism agenda to accommodate and enhance cultural heritage within a broad geographic context This volume explores everyday life and senses of identity and belonging along a contested border whose official functions and local impacts have shifted across the 20th century. It does so through the accounts of contemporary borderland residents in Ireland and Northern Ireland who shared with us their reflections on and experiences of the border from the 1950s to the present day Slang And Sayings : War Discourse -- Framing The Past : Imagery And The Great War -- Views From The Trenches : Perspectives On The Great War -- Myths Of The War : Imagining The Great War -- Museums, Memorials And Memory : Remembering The Great War -- Conclusions. Ross J. Wilson. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 197-239) And Index. Taking the significant Faro Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (Council of Europe 2005) as it's starting point, this book presents pragmatic views on the rise of the local and the everyday within cultural heritage discourse and it examines ways in which authorised or 'expert' views of heritage can be challenged. Creation Of The World Heritage Convention -- Process For Identifying World Heritage Sites -- Populating The World Heritage List: 1978-2000 -- Conserving World Heritage Sites -- The Players -- Assessment Of The World Heritage System: 1972-2000. Christina Cameron And Mechtild Rössler. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Bringing together cultural anthropologists, archaeologists, historians and other scholars of food and heritage, this volume closely examines the ways in which the cultivation, preparation, and consumption of food is used to create identity claims of 'cultural heritage' on local, regional, national and international scales. As the 100th anniversary approaches, it is timely to reflect not only upon the Great War itself and on the memorials which were erected to ensure it did not slip from national consciousness, but also to reflect upon its rich and substantial cultural legacy