Bruce M. Russett: Pioneer in the Scientific and Normative Study of War, Peace, and Policy (SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice Book 34)

This book provides a comprehensive treatment of Russett’s scientific contributions, with key examples of his major studies. It will greatly benefit today’s International Relations students, deepening their understanding of the field’s theory and methods. Bruce M. Russett was a founder of, and continues to be a pioneer in, the empirical analytical study of international relations and foreign policy. He has produced groundbreaking works on methodology, data collection and the application of economics to the field of international relations—especially in the area of analytical relationships between theory, policy and normative standards for morality and ethics. His body of work has clarified and furthered our understanding of peace studies by addressing power and conflict, cooperation, integration and community, democratic/Kantian peace, economic development, dependency and inequality, and the relationships between domestic and foreign politics. Russett’s academic achievements and standing are the result of his bringing these areas together as a coherent entity, based on his eclectic ability to “cross boundaries” with regard to academic disciplines, sub-disciplines, methods of data gathering and analysis, and broad theoretical perspectives, as well as basic and applied research. Preface 8 Acknowledgments 16 Contents 19 Part I On Bruce M. Russett 23 1 A Scholarly Biography 25 References 43 2 A Selected Bibliography of the Publications of Bruce M. Russett 44 2.1 Books 44 2.2 Articles, Monographs 47 Part II Texts by Bruce M. Russett 56 3 The Calculus of Deterrence 58 3.1 A Comparative Study of Deterrence 58 3.2 Deterrence in Recent Decades 60 3.2.1 Interdependence and Credibility 65 3.3 Military Cooperation 65 3.4 Political Interdependence 66 3.5 Economic Interdependence 66 3.5.1 Divining Intentions 67 3.5.2 Making Deterrence Credible 69 Appendix 72 References 73 4 Transactions, Community, and International Political Integration 74 4.1 Definitions of Political Integration 74 4.2 Why Measure Transaction Flows 82 4.3 Conditions for Transactions as Capabilities 86 4.4 Next Steps in the Development of Integration Theory 90 5 The Kantian Peace: The Pacific Benefits of Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations, 1885--1992 96 5.1 Our Objectives and Method 99 5.2 Historical Domain, Key Variables, and Sources of Data 103 5.2.1 Dependent Variable: Involvement in Militarized Disputes 105 5.2.2 Dyadic Independent Variables 105 5.2.2.1 Democracy 106 5.2.2.2 Economic Interdependence 107 5.2.2.3 Joint IGO Memberships 109 5.2.2.4 Capability Ratio 109 5.2.2.5 Allies 110 5.2.2.6 Contiguity and Distance 110 5.2.3 Systemic Independent Variables 111 5.2.3.1 Kantian Systemic and Relative Dyadic Measures 111 5.2.3.2 Realist Systemic Measures 112 5.2.3.3 Results 114 5.3 Evaluating the Kantian Peace Using the Weak-Link Specification 115 5.3.1 Disentangling the Systematic and Cross-National Influences of the Kantian Measures 121 5.3.2 Assessing the Hegemon's Influence on Dyadic Conflict 123 5.4 A Kantian System? Past and Future 126 Appendix: Variables 129 6 Comparative Public Health: The Political Economy of Human Misery and Well-Being 130 6.1 What Is to Be Explained? 131 6.2 Theoretical Framework 133 6.3 Explaining the Allocation of Resources to Public Health 136 6.4 Empirical Results for the Allocation of Resources to Public Health 139 6.5 Hypotheses on Total Levels of Health Spending 141 6.6 Empirical Results for Total Levels of Health Spending 142 6.6.1 Theoretical Analysis of the Causes of National Health Performance 144 6.6.2 Empirical Results for Influences on Health Performance 148 6.7 Conclusions, Limitations, and Future Research 152 References 154 7 Defense Expenditures and National Well-Being 157 7.1 Guns or Butter: What Kinds of Tradeoffs? 157 7.2 Modelling the Determinants of Federal Civil Expenditures 161 7.3 Results 164 7.4 Current Trade-Offs 168 References 171 8 Ethical Dilemmas of Nuclear Deterrence 173 8.1 The Drafting Process 173 8.2 `Acceptable' Deterrence 176 8.3 A Just War Analysis of Deterrence 178 8.4 Use, Threat, and Possession 183 8.5 A Dilemma Without Easy Resolution 185 Yale University 189 University of South Carolina 192 About the Author 195 About the Editor 197 About the Book 198 Front Matter....Pages i-xxii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 A Scholarly Biography....Pages 2-21 A Selected Bibliography of the Publications of Bruce M. Russett....Pages 23-34 Front Matter....Pages 35-35 The Calculus of Deterrence....Pages 36-52 Transactions, Community, and International Political Integration....Pages 53-73 The Kantian Peace: The Pacific Benefits of Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations, 1885–1992....Pages 74-108 Comparative Public Health: The Political Economy of Human Misery and Well-Being....Pages 109-135 Defense Expenditures and National Well-Being....Pages 137-152 Ethical Dilemmas of Nuclear Deterrence....Pages 153-168 Back Matter....Pages 169-181