ژنرال‌های بریتانیایی در جنگ‌های بلر

British Generals in Blair's Wars is based on a series of high profile seminars held in Oxford in which senior British officers, predominantly from the army, reflect on their experience of campaigning. The chapters embrace all the UK's major operations since the end of the Cold War, but they focus particularly on Iraq and Afghanistan. As personal testimonies, they capture the immediacy of the authors'thoughts at the time, and show how the ideas of a generation of senior British officers developed in a period of rapid change, against a background of intense political controversy and some popular unease. The armed forces were struggling to revise their Cold War concepts and doctrines, and to find the best ways to meet the demands placed upon them by their political leaders in what was seen to be a'New World Order'. It was a time when relations between the Government of the day and the armed services came under close scrutiny, and when the affection of the British public for its forces seemed to grow with the difficulty of their operational tasks. This is a truly unique and invaluable book. For the first time, we are offered first-hand testimony about Britain's involvement in recent campaigns by senior participants. In addition to touching on themes like civilian-military relations, the operational direction of war and relationships with allies, these eyewitness accounts give a real sense of how the character of a war changes even as it is being fought. It will be essential reading for those in military academies and staff colleges, not only in Britain but throughout NATO, and especially in the USA. It also has profound policy implications, as both the UK and NATO more generally reassess their strategies and the value of intervention operations. It will also become a primary source for historians and students of the wars, in Iraq and Afghanistan in particular. Focusing on top civilian and military advisors within the national security establishment, this significant book looks at four case studies with a focus on civil-military relations within the US Department of Defense. It investigates whether balanced approaches produce more effective policies and outcomes than dominating structures. The culmination of Gibson's treatise is the advancement of the 'Madisonian approach' to civilian control of the military, a normative framework designed to replace Samuel Huntington's 'Objective Control' model and also the 'Subjective Control' model, initially practised by Defense Secretary Robert McNamara and most recently by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. The Madisonian approach calls for changes in US law and new norms to guide the interactions of key participants who populate the civil-military nexus. This book is destined to influence US strategic thinking and should be added to the syllabus of courses in civil-military relations, strategic studies and military history. Given the struggling US policy in Iraq, the time is right for a critical review of US civil-military relations and this book provides the departure point for analysis and a potential way forward. "Focusing on top civilian and military advisors within the national security establishment, this significant book looks at four case studies and concludes that when it comes to civil - military relations within the Department of Defense, balanced approaches produce more effective policies and outcomes than dominating structures. Perhaps counter-intuitively, Gibson also argues that this partnership approach at the Pentagon also facilitates more effective civilian control of the military where elected leaders provide direction, decisionmaking and ensure accountability. What is required is different (although not new, as Gibson points out while reviewing the historical record) thinking concerning how key relationships of the Pentagon ought to be arranged. Specifically, Gibson argues that there needs to be recognition that top-level political appointees and the highest ranking generals in the US military form a 'civil-military nexus' and this entity has the primary responsibility for providing elected leaders (both the President and Congress) with strategic analysis, options, and advice as they sort through alternatives prior to making weighty decisions."--BOOK JACKET Putin's style of leadership has transitioned into another era but there is much still inherited from the past. In the often anarchic environment of the 1990s, the nascent Russian Federation experienced misunderstandings and mis-steps in civil-military relations. Under Boris Yeltsin it has been questioned whether the military obeyed orders from civilian authorities or merely gave lip service to those it served to protect while implementing its own policies and courses of action. Robert Brannon sets forth the circumstances under which the military instrument of Russia's power and influence could be called upon to exert force. Deriving in part from its Soviet past, the author examines how Russia's military doctrine represents more than just a road map of how to fight the nation's wars; it also specifies threats to national interests, in this case the United States, NATO and international terrorism. Against this background of politics and power, the military's influence may reveal as much about politics as it does the military. National leaders often worry that civil wars might spread, but also seem to have little grasp on which civil wars will in fact draw in other states. An ability to understand which civil wars are most likely to draw in outside powers and when this is likely to happen has important policy implications as well as simply answering a scholarly question. Joining the Fray takes existing explanations about which outside states are likely to intervene militarily in civil wars and adds to them explanations about when states join and why. Building on his earlier volume, Is this a Private Fight or Can Anybody Join?, Zachary C. Shirkey looks at how the decision to join a civil war can be intuitively understood as follows: given that remaining neutral was wise when a war began something must change in order for a country to change its beliefs about the benefits of fighting and join the war. This book studies what these changes are, focusing in particular on revealed information and commitment problems. National leaders often worry that civil wars might spread, but also seem to have little grasp on which civil wars will in fact draw in other states. An ability to understand which civil wars are most likely to draw in outside powers and when this is likely to happen has important policy implications as well as simply answering a scholarly question. This book takes existing explanations about which outside states are likely to intervene militarily in civil wars and adds to them explanations about when states join and why. It looks at how the decision to join a civil war can be intuitively understood as follows: given that remaining neutral was wise when a war began something must change in order for a country to change its beliefs about the benefits of fighting and join the war. This book studies what these changes are, focusing in particular on revealed information and commitment problems Andrew Dorman introduces Sierra Leone as Blair's second great military adventure after Kosovo and the first he undertook on his own. It is tied to Blair's 1999 Chicago speech on the 'Doctrine of the International Community', his move towards humanitarianism and the impact of the Kosovo experience. The book links this move with the rise of cosmopolitan militaries and the increasing involvement of Western forces in humanitarian operations and their impact on the international system. Furthermore, it places it within the context of defence transformation and the emerging Western expeditionary capabilities, in particular the European Union's new battle group concept and developments in concepts such as Network Centric Warfare and Networked Enabled Capability. Examining the whole campaign and considering the impact on the Blair Government, this book will prove to be a key reader on the topic. Civil-military cooperation has always been a key factor in both peace and conflict situations, and is vital in today's political climate. This indispensable volume analyzes the various types of civil-military cooperation across different settings and contexts, to include humanitarian operations such as emergency relief following tsunami, earthquakes and refugee crises, as well as stability and reconstruction operations such as those in Afghanistan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The book contains contributions from both senior academics and practitioners such as military officers and humanitarian personnel and discusses the benefits and logistics of civil-military cooperation. It closes with recommendations that will be of value to both academics and practitioners, making it a must read for anyone interested or involved in these operations. At the heart of this book is the problem of war termination. Britain won an almost unbroken string of tactical military victories during an undeclared war against the Republic of Indonesia in the 1960s, yet it proved difficult to translate this into strategic success. Using conflict termination theories, this book argues that British strategy during Confrontation was both exemplary and flawed, both of which need not be mutually exclusive. The British experience in Indonesia represents an illuminating case study of the difficulties associated with strategy and the successful termination of conflicts. The value of this book lies in two areas: as a contribution to the literature on British counter-insurgency operations and as a contribution to the debates on the problems of war termination in the context of strategic thought. "The varying types of cooperation between the military and a wide range of civilian actors are addressed in this volume. It analyses civil-military cooperation in different settings such as during emergency relief operations (tsunami, earthquakes and refugee crises) and during stability and reconstruction operations such as in Afghanistan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This book contains contributions from both senior academics and practitioners such as military officers and humanitarian personnel and looks at issues such as what is to be gained by civil-military cooperation. It ends with conclusions and recommendations for both academics and practitioners making it a valuable read for people involved in these operations."--BOOK JACKET "This volume sets out to examine the British military operation of Sierra Leone that began in May 2000 and which still involves a commitment of British forces via the British-led International Military Advisory and Training Team (IMATT) which supports the government of Sierra Leone ... The first chapter examines the Blair legacy and the development of an interventionalist policy which led to Operation Palliser, the initial deployment to Sierra Leone, and which ultimately would also lead to the British involvement in Afghanistan in 2001, re-engagement in 2006 and the Iraq War in 2003"--Page 4 The Civil-military Dynamic : A Relationship Adrift -- Excesses And Over-corrections In Us Civil-military Relations Since The Second World War And The Return Of Donald Rumsfeld In 2001 -- The Search For Role Models -- Normative Theory In Civil-military Relations During The Cold War : The Objective Control And Subjective Control Models -- The Search For New Normative Theory In The Post-cold War Era -- A Madisonian Approach For Civil-military Relations. Christopher P. Gibson. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [135]-154) And Index. At the heart of this book is the problem of war termination. The British experience in Indonesia in the 1960s represents an illuminating case study of the difficulties associated with strategy and the successful termination of conflicts. The value of this book lies in two areas: as a contribution to the literature on British counter-insurgency operations and as a contribution to the debates on the problems of war termination in the context of strategic thought Andrew Dorman introduces Sierra Leone as Blair's second great military adventure after Kosovo and the first he undertook on his own. The book links Blair's move toward humanitarianism with the rise of cosmopolitan militaries and the increasing involvement of Western forces in humanitarian operations and their impact on the international system, and will prove to be a key reader on the topic. Deriving in part from its Soviet past, Russia's military doctrine represents more than just a road map of how to fight the nation's wars; it also specifies threats to national interests, in this case the United States, NATO and international terrorism. Against this background, Robert Brannon demonstrates that the military's influence may reveal as much about politics as it does the military Fighting Indonesia: British strategy and the emergence of confrontation Theories of war termination Bristling with difficulties: British objectives Soldiering on: British options and assessment British planning: the paradox of preparation Britain's war termination problem: the external dimension Britain's war termination problem: the internal dimension Conclusions.