British Fortifications Through the Reign of Richard III : An Illustrated History

Это исследование – хроника развития британских укрепсооружений с доисторических времен до конца правления Ричарда III в 1485 году. К каждому периоду истории подобраны соответствующие примеры, а также информацию об оружии и осадных устройствах. Более 250 иллюстраций подробно и образно расскажут о каждом строении. From the time the Romans first set foot on Englands shore in 55 BC, the British Isles have faced a constant threat of foreign invasion. As a result, the landscapes of England, Scotland, and Ireland are dotted with ancient defensive fortifications as varied as their makers. Iron Age Celtic «hillforts,» Roman castra and Hadrians Wall, Anglo-Saxon dykes and Alfredian burhs, Norman mottes and stone-keeps, Edwardian castles, Irish tower houses they all served to repel ancient intruders and many still stand as tangible relics of a remarkable past. This study chronicles the development of British fortifications from prehistoric times through the end of Richard IIIs reign in 1485, providing the history of each type of structure, relevant examples, and information on weapons and siege warfare. More than 250 illustrations vividly detail each edifaces construction and configuration. Cover......Page 1 Acknowledgments......Page 6 Table of Contents......Page 8 Introduction......Page 10 The Celts......Page 14 Hill Forts and Oppida......Page 17 Hill Forts in Scotland......Page 34 Hill Forts in Ireland......Page 42 Other Forms of Fortifications......Page 47 Aftermath......Page 60 The Roman Empire and Its Army......Page 62 Roman Engineering Corps......Page 64 Britannia......Page 71 Camps and Forts......Page 73 Roman Urban Fortifications......Page 98 Anglo-Saxon Invasion......Page 108 Danish Invasions......Page 111 Dikes......Page 113 Burhs......Page 117 Siege Warfare......Page 124 Aftermath......Page 125 The Normans and England......Page 126 Norman Military Architecture......Page 131 Motte-and-Bailey Castles......Page 133 Shell-Keeps......Page 138 Stone Keeps......Page 142 Aftermath......Page 167 Historical Background......Page 170 Siege Warfare......Page 182 Evolution of Castles in the 12th and 13th Centuries......Page 187 Edwardian Castles......Page 211 Aftermath......Page 239 Historical Background......Page 240 Development of Castles in the 14th and 15th Centuries......Page 247 Urban Fortifications......Page 261 Tower Houses in the North......Page 290 Conclusion......Page 300 Appendix I......Page 304 Appendix 2......Page 310 Appendix 3......Page 313 Bibliography......Page 314 Index......Page 316 From the time the Romans first set foot on England's shore in 55 B.C., the British Isles have faced a constant threat of foreign invasion. As a result, the landscapes of England, Scotland, and Ireland are dotted with ancient defensive fortifications as varied as their makers. Iron Age Celtic "hill forts," Roman castra and Hadrian's Wall, Anglo-Saxon dykes and Alfredian burhs, Norman mottes and stone-keeps, Edwardian castles, Irish tower houses--they all served to repel ancient intruders and many still stand as tangible relics of a remarkable past. This study chronicles the development of British fortifications from prehistoric times through the end of Richard III's reign in 1485, providing the history of each type of structure, relevant examples, and information on weapons and siege warfare. More than 250 illustrations vividly detail each ediface's construction and configuration. "This study chronicles the development of British fortifications from prehistoric times through the end of Richard III's reign in 1485, providing the history of each type of structure, relevant examples, and information on weapons and siege warfare. More than 250 illustrations vividly detail each ediface's construction and configuration"--Provided by publisher.