Britain's Economic Blockade of Germany, 1914-1919 (Cass Series: Naval Policy and History)

Great Britain's economic blockade of Germany in World War I was one of the key elements to the victory of the Entente. Though Britain had been the leading exponent of blockades for two centuries, the World War I blockade was not effective at the outbreak of hostilities. Pre-war changes had led to the Admiralty supplanting the Royal Navy's leadership role in favour of direction from the civilian branch of government on the basis of international law. The struggle between the primacy of international law and military expediency lasted for nearly two years, as the British tried to reconcile their pre-war stance as champion of neutral rights with measures necessary for a successful blockade. Not until 1916 did the operation have the potential to be a decisive factor in the defeat of Germany, when pressure from France, the Royal Navy, Parliament, British popular opinion, and the Admiralty forced the British government to abandon its defence of neutral rights over the interests of the state. The arrival of the United States as an ally in April 1917 initiated the final evolution of the blockade. The Entente and the United States tightened the blockade with crushing effect on Germany, and by November 1918, it was evidently one of the chief factors behind the victory. This knowledge reinforced the decision to retain the blockade in the months following the armistice in order to force favourable terms from Germany. In both the war and in the peace, the economic blockade performed a critical role in World War I. Britain's Economic Blockade Of Germany In World War I Was One Of The Key Elements To The Victory Of The Entente. Though Britain Had Been The Leading Exponent Of Blockades For Two Centuries, The World War I Blockade Was Not Effective At The Outbreak Of Hostilities. Pre-war Changes Had Led To The Admiralty Supplanting The Royal Navy's Leadership Role In Favour Of Direction From The Civilian Branch Of Government On The Basis Of International Law. This Is The First Book To Offer A Synthesis Of The Naval And Diplomatic Aspects Of The Blockade As The Key To Understanding The Operation As Whole. While Many Historians Believe That The Collapse Of Germany's War Effort Was The Product Of Several Factors Of Equal Importance, Eric Osborne's Detailed Analysis Makes A Strong Claim For The Economic Blockade To Be The Principal Reason For The Eventual German Defeat In World War I.--jacket. 1. Foreign Policy, Naval Commitments, And The Changes To Blockade, 1756-1904 -- 2. The Culmination Of Faith In International Law : The Second Hague Conference And The Declaration Of London, 1905-11 -- 3. Blockade Preparations In The Final Years Of Peace, 1911-14 -- 4. Britain At War : The First Steps For Blockade In 1914 -- 5. The Year Of Frustration, Stalemate, And Doubt, 1915 -- 6. The Blockade Strengthens, 1916 -- 7. The Critical Year, 1917 -- 8. The Last Year Of War, And The Final Legacy Of The Blockade In The Peace, 1918-july 1919 -- 9. Conclusion. Eric W. Osborne. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 195-208) And Index. Book Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 4 Contents......Page 5 Series Editor's Preface......Page 8 Acknowledgments......Page 10 Introduction......Page 12 Foreign Policy, Naval Commitments, and the Changes to Blockade, 1756 1904......Page 16 The Culmination of Faith in International Law: The Second Hague Conference and the Declaration of London, 1905 11......Page 37 Blockade Preparations in the Final Years of Peace, 1911 14......Page 55 Britain at War: The First Steps for Blockade in 1914......Page 69 The Year of Frustration, Stalemate, and Doubt, 1915......Page 94 The Blockade Strengthens, 1916......Page 126 The Critical Year, 1917......Page 164 The Last Year of War, and the Final Legacy of the Blockade in the Peace, 1918 July 1919......Page 184 Conclusion......Page 204 Bibliography......Page 206 Index......Page 220 This text studies Great Britain's economic blockade of Germany in World War I, one of the key elements to the victory of the Entente.