Brill's Companion to Herodotus (Brill's Companions to Classical Studies)

Herodotus' Histories can be read in many ways. Their literary qualities, never in dispute, can be more fully appreciated in the light of recent developments in the study of pragmatics, narratology, and orality. Their intellectual status has been radically reassessed: no longer regarded as naïve and 'archaic', the Histories are now seen as very much a product of the intellectual climate of their own day - not only subject to contemporary literary, religious, moral and social influences, but actively contributing to the great debates of their time. Their reliability as historical and ethnographic accounts, a matter of controversy even in antiquity, is being debated with renewed vigour and increasing sophistication. This Companion offers an up-to-date and in-depth overview of all these current approaches to Herodotus' remarkable work Cover ......Page 1 BRILL'S COMPANION TO HERODOTUS......Page 4 CONTENTS......Page 8 ABBREVIATIONS......Page 12 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 14 LIST OF MAPS......Page 16 EDITORS' INTRODUCTION......Page 18 HERODOTUS AND HIS WORK......Page 22 1. Egbert J . Bakker: THE MAKING OF HISTORY: HERODOTUS' HISTORIES APODEXIS......Page 24 Interpreting the Proem......Page 27 Historie: Interrogation and Difference......Page 34 Apodexis: Proof in Context......Page 41 Recording Accomplishment......Page 44 Herodotus, Thucydides, and the Making of History......Page 49 2. John Moles: HERODOTUS AND ATHENS......Page 54 Croesus and Solon (1.5-33)......Page 56 Peisistratus' Tyranny (1.56-64)......Page 58 The Peisistratids' expulsion (5.55-78)......Page 59 The Alcmaeonids and Pericles (6.121—131)......Page 61 Praises of Athens......Page 63 Themistocles......Page 64 Athens at the end of the war......Page 69 Conclusions......Page 70 3. Simon R. Slings: ORAL STRATEGIES IN THE LANGUAGE OF HERODOTUS......Page 74 Speech Exemplified......Page 76 Predicate Repetition......Page 81 Chunking of One Constituent......Page 85 Participial Tails......Page 86 Chunking of Larger Segments......Page 88 Ring Composition......Page 92 Keeping Track of Discourse Topics......Page 94 Herodotus, Thucydides and the New Era of Greek Literacy......Page 100 An Old Man Takes to Writing......Page 102 Writing the Histories: Arrangement and Procedure......Page 103 The Histories and Herodotus the Oral Historian......Page 106 Legein and graphein......Page 109 Legein ta legomena......Page 111 Herodotus and 'Historicizing' His Own Time......Page 112 The Function of the Histories......Page 114 HERODOTUS AND HIS WORLD......Page 116 Herodotus Homerikotatos?......Page 118 Herodotus Mythologos?......Page 130 6. Suzanne Saïd: HERODOTUS AND TRAGEDY......Page 138 Tragic motives in the Histories......Page 141 Polycrates......Page 145 Demaratus, Cleomenes, and Leotychides......Page 147 Cypselus and Periander......Page 148 Astyages and Cyrus......Page 149 Cambyses......Page 151 Croesus......Page 153 Herodotus' Histories and Aeschylus' Persians......Page 158 Conclusion......Page 167 Introduction......Page 170 Philosophical and Scientific Thought......Page 176 Historical and Political Thought......Page 185 Conclusion......Page 204 8. Jon D. Mikalson: RELIGION IN HERODOTUS......Page 208 Introduction: Leotychides and Glaucus, Croesus and Solon......Page 220 Principles of Community, Family and Sexual Morality......Page 223 Helping Friends and Harming Enemies: Reciprocity and Revenge......Page 230 Pride, hubris, aggression, and imperialism......Page 238 Introduction: the importance of women in the Histories......Page 246 Approaching the theme: fact and fiction in the Histories......Page 250 From narrative to historical agency......Page 251 From historical agency to narrative......Page 257 Conclusion......Page 262 THE HISTORIES AS NARRATIVE......Page 264 Introduction: 'harmonious body' versus 'the work of scissors'......Page 266 Herodotus' unity: the arguments......Page 267 Narrative units: the terminology......Page 276 Herodotus' unity: the means......Page 280 Narrative unity: an example......Page 284 12. Carolyn Dewald: 'I DIDN'T GIVE MY OWN GENEALOGY': HERODOTUS AND THE AUTHORIAL PERSONA......Page 288 Herodotus as Narrator: Managing the Logoi......Page 295 Herodotus as Histor: Representation of Data......Page 298 Problems of Definition......Page 312 Pattern and Variation......Page 320 Organization and Function......Page 323 The story of Arion 1.23—4......Page 327 The revenge of Hermotimus 8.103-7......Page 329 Xerxes and Masistes......Page 331 Artayctes and Protesilaus......Page 334 Artembares and Cyrus......Page 335 Transmission and Truth......Page 336 THE HISTORICAL METHOD......Page 340 14. Hans van Wees: HERODOTUS AND THE PAST......Page 342 Deep roots: the question of origins......Page 345 Lost empires: the rise and fall of powers......Page 349 'From small beginnings': the slow rise of Greek power......Page 358 'The beginning of evils': causes of war......Page 364 Conclusion......Page 369 15. Paul Cartledge and Emily Greenwood: HERODOTUS AS A CRITIC: TRUTH, FICTION, POLARITY......Page 372 Truth and or fiction?......Page 374 Polarity......Page 384 Greeks versus Barbarians......Page 386 Men versus Women......Page 388 Gods versus Mortals......Page 390 Envoi......Page 391 16. Simon Hornblower: HERODOTUS AND HIS SOURCES OF INFORMATION......Page 394 Introduction to the Subject......Page 408 Introduction to the Author......Page 411 Defining the Extension oj Time......Page 416 Horizons of Memory and Beyond......Page 418 Ethne and Historical Time......Page 423 Spatium Historicum, Spatium Mythicum, and the Floating Gap......Page 426 Kyklos, Process, and Contingency......Page 432 HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY......Page 434 18. Alan B. Lloyd: EGYPT......Page 436 Political and Social Structure......Page 440 The Economy......Page 450 The Egyptian Belief System......Page 451 Daily Life......Page 454 19. Stephanie West: SCYTHIANS......Page 458 20. Klaus Karttunen: THE ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE FRINGES......Page 478 General patterns in Herodotean etiinography......Page 481 The Extremes: the Ethiopian South......Page 487 The Extremes: the Arabian Southeast......Page 489 The Extremes: the European Northwest......Page 491 The Extremes: the Scythian Northeast......Page 493 Before and after Herodotus......Page 494 Introduction......Page 496 Herodotus' sources......Page 499 The Babylonian sources......Page 503 Historical Outline......Page 506 Babylon......Page 512 Babylonian society......Page 514 Conclusion......Page 516 The beginning and end of archaic Greek history......Page 518 The chronology of archaic Greek history......Page 521 Herodotus and the traditions of Greek history......Page 525 Herodotus' neglect of written sources......Page 531 Herodotus and the study of archaic Greek history......Page 534 What did the history of archaic Greece contribute to Herodotus?......Page 539 Introduction......Page 542 Polycrates of Samos and the Spartans......Page 545 The Ionian Revolt......Page 549 Spartan History c. 525-499......Page 552 Athenian History 514-499......Page 554 Greek History 494-480......Page 566 Conclusion......Page 569 24. Thomas Harrison: THE PERSIAN INVASIONS......Page 572 The Persian Wars in the Histories......Page 574 The invasion narrative......Page 581 Veracity and bias......Page 592 25. Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg: THE PERSONALITY OF XERXES, KING OF KINGS......Page 600 The Sources......Page 601 Herodotus......Page 604 Xerxes and women......Page 606 Xerxes' personality in Herodotus......Page 608 The sources from Persia......Page 609 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 612 GENERAL INDEX......Page 650 INDEX OF PASSAGES......Page 662 Herodotus' Histories can be read in many ways. Their literary qualities, never in dispute, can be more fully appreciated in the light of recent developments in the study of pragmatics, narratology, and orality. Their intellectual status has been radically reassessed: no longer regarded as naïve and 'archaic', the Histories are now seen as very much a product of the intellectual climate of their own day - not only subject to contemporary literary, religious, moral and social influences, but actively contributing to the great debates of their time. Their reliability as historical and ethnographic accounts, a matter of controversy even in antiquity, is being debated with renewed vigour and increasing sophistication. This Companion offers an up-to-date and in-depth overview of all these current approaches to Herodotus' remarkable work Herodotus's "Histories" can be read in many ways. Their literary qualities, never in dispute, can be more fully appreciated in the light of developments in the study of pragmatics, narratology and orality. Their intellectual status has been radically reassessed: no longer regarded as na?ve and "archaic", the "Histories" are now seen as very much a product of the intellectual climate of their own day - not only subject to contemporary literary, religious, moral and social influences, but actively contributing to the great debates of their time. Their reliability as historical and ethnographic accounts, a matter of controversy even in antiquity, is being debated with renewed vigour and increasing sophistication. This text offers an in-depth overview of all these approaches to Herodotus's work. Herodotus' outstanding achievements as a literary figure, intellectual, historian and ethnographer have in recent years come to be appreciated with much greater depth and subtlety. This Companion offers an up-to-date and in-depth overview of current approaches to Herodotus' remarkable work.