Bribery, Fraud, Cheating: How to Explain and to Avoid Organizational Wrongdoing (Organization, Management and Crime - Organisation, Management und Kriminalität)

In the fight against organizational malpractice and organized crime, both international guidelines and national regulations have become stricter. Nevertheless, the results seem not to reach the expected change. Corruption scandals involving large companies, political parties, sports organizations, hospitals, etc. have not come to an end. In order to explain the collective illegality within and through organizations of different sectors and embedded in different cultures, this conference proceedings gathers articles about corporate and organized crime by international renowned scientists and experts. The focus is on similarities and differences in current corruption cases and other forms of crime as well as questions about conventional and alternative prevention measures. Contents The fight against organized crime Anti-corruption in Brazil Corruption issues and corporate compliance in China Manipulation of medical patient data in organ transplantation Overcoming the current system of corporate criminal law Systemic and preventive effects of the market economy Target Groups Scholars and Students in sociology, criminology, legal studies, psychology, administration Lawyers, Attorneys, Judges, Compliance Officers, Managers The Editors Markus Pohlmann is professor of sociology at Max-Weber-Institute of Heidelberg University. Gerhard Dannecker is professor of Criminal Law and Law of Criminal Procedures at the Heidelberg University. Elizangela Valarini is postdoctoral researcher at Max-Weber-Institute of Heidelberg University Preface......Page 6 Content......Page 8 1 Introduction – Money is only half of the story......Page 11 The return of the regulatory state......Page 12 The blooming of organized crime and the difficulties to fight against it......Page 14 Corruption in Brazil, Argentina, Latin America: Going haywire?......Page 17 Tigers and flies must be beaten: Corruption in China......Page 20 The transplant scandal in Germany: Cheating of the waiting lists......Page 22 How to explain and to prevent corporate crime?......Page 24 References......Page 31 2 Organizational wrongdoing: Bribery, fraud, cheating – Insights into the Herrenhausen Symposium, October 5-7, 2017......Page 34 Session 1: Organized crime, money laundering and corruption......Page 35 Session 2: Operation Car Wash – Corporate crime in Brazil......Page 37 Session 3: China’s anti-corruption campaign......Page 39 Session 4: Corporate crime in the West......Page 40 Session 5: Unfair play in sports......Page 43 Session 6: Fraud in medicine......Page 44 Session 7: How to deal with corporate crime – Fines, deterrence and prevention......Page 45 Session 8: The dark side of compliance......Page 47 Organized crime, money laundering and corruption in Europe......Page 50 3 The fight against the mafia in Italy and Europe......Page 51 4 The mafia in the media......Page 64 5 The fight against organized crime......Page 73 Corporate crime and political corruption in South America......Page 81 1 Introduction......Page 82 2 Brazilian criminal doctrine and jurisprudence......Page 83 3 ENCCLA – The National Anti-Corruption and Money Laundering Strategy......Page 96 4 Emblematic cases involving corruption......Page 98 5 Transforming the transformation......Page 99 6 Challenges......Page 101 7 Conclusions......Page 103 References......Page 106 1 The beginning......Page 110 2 The context......Page 111 3 New paradigms......Page 112 4 Final considerations: A time of vigilance......Page 122 References......Page 125 1 Introduction......Page 126 2. 1 Private resources......Page 128 2. 2 Public resources......Page 134 3.1.1 Corporate donations......Page 137 3.1.3 Self-donations......Page 138 3.2 Public resources......Page 140 4 Final remarks......Page 144 References......Page 148 9 ‘Do not try to outsource dirty business into your value chain’. An interview with Matthias Kleinhempel......Page 150 10 The FIFA’s case and corruption in Brazil. An expert dialogue with Markus Asner and Fausto De Sanctis......Page 156 Corruption in China......Page 169 1 Gradual increase in commercial bribery......Page 170 I. Legitimacy belief theory......Page 173 II. Economic rationality theory......Page 174 III. Institutional environment theory......Page 176 IV. Indigenous culture theory......Page 178 3 The limits of present theories......Page 180 I. Extension of legitimacy belief theory......Page 183 II. Extension of economic rationality theory......Page 185 IV. Extension of indigenous culture theory......Page 186 References......Page 188 12 Corruption issues in China. An interview with Jianyuan Yang......Page 189 List of Abbreviations......Page 205 Fraud in medicine......Page 206 2 Organ transplantation in Germany......Page 207 4 Criminal law assessment of waiting lists manipulations......Page 209 a) Alcohol abstinence cases......Page 210 b) Manipulation of the MELD score......Page 213 5 Outlook......Page 214 How to explain and to prevent corporate crime?......Page 216 1 Introduction......Page 217 2 Esprit de corps as a form of social cohesion and as a source of deviance?......Page 219 3 Studies related to esprit de corps......Page 227 4 Conclusion......Page 232 References......Page 237 1 Introduction: Non-compliance and identity building A management problem......Page 244 2 Theoretical framing......Page 248 3 The management context defines managerial practice: Best practice compliance systems made by Siemens......Page 251 4 Research design......Page 255 4.1 Construct 1: Identity building / informal behaviour......Page 257 4.2 Construct 2: Deviant behaviour / non-compliance......Page 258 5 Findings: Managerial challenges......Page 260 6 Findings: Managerial practice and deviance traps......Page 262 6.1 Deviance trap 1: The leadership context – The disintegration of strategy, structure and culture......Page 263 6.2 Deviance trap 2: Middle management – Put them on dying ground and they will fight (Sun Tzu)......Page 265 6.3 Deviance trap 3: Crisis mode as business-as-usual – All is fair in love and war (John Lyly)......Page 266 6.5 Deviance traps 5: Complexity – Now only an expert can deal with the problem (Laurie Anderson)......Page 267 6.6 Deviance trap 6: Networks or hierarchies – I’m on a tightrope trying to keep my balance (Laurie Anderson)......Page 268 7 Discussion......Page 269 8 Conclusion and outlook......Page 272 References......Page 274 Interviews top management source co-occurrence analysis......Page 279 1 Corporate crime: A danger foreseen is half avoided? The example of corruption......Page 281 2 On the severe effects of corruption......Page 283 3 Moving beyond detailed dogmatic discussions......Page 288 4 Realities of corporate activities in the modern world......Page 290 5 Attitudes of individuals acting for and within corporations......Page 292 7 Restriction on the punishment of individuals......Page 294 8 The legal responsibility of corporations for corruption......Page 296 9 Priority of special prevention and measures to improve compliance in the company......Page 297 10 Parallel sanctioning of employees and the company......Page 299 11 Promoting the detection and termination of corruptive behaviour......Page 303 12 Conclusion: Comprehensive responsibility of corporations while recognizing them as corporate citizens......Page 305 References......Page 306 2 Systemic crime......Page 317 3 Systemic effects: Exclusion of violence, robbery, and theft......Page 325 4 Functionality of self-interest in the market economy......Page 328 5 Values, socialization, and integration through the market......Page 329 6 Prevention in the market through globalization......Page 334 7 Conclusion......Page 338 References......Page 340 About the authors......Page 344