Brain Mapping : From Neural Basis of Cognition to Surgical Applications

The goal of this book is to make a link between fundamental research in the field of cognitive neurosciences, which now benefits from a better knowledge of the neural foundations of cerebral processing, and its clinical application, especially in neurosurgery – itself able to provide new insights into brain organization. The anatomical bases are presented, advances and limitations of the different methods of functional cerebral mapping are discussed, updated models of sensorimotor, visuospatial, language, memory, emotional, and executive functions are explained in detail. In the light of these data, new strategies of surgical management of cerebral lesions are proposed, with an optimization of the benefit–risk ratio of surgery. Finally, perspectives about brain connectivity and plasticity are discussed on the basis of translational studies involving serial functional neuroimaging, intraoperative cortico-subcortical electrical mapping, and biomathematical modeling of interactions between parallel distributed neural networks. Front Matter....Pages I-XII Introduction....Pages 1-3 Front Matter....Pages 5-5 The microneurosurgical anatomy of the cerebral cortex....Pages 7-26 Anatomy of the white-matter pathways....Pages 27-41 Front Matter....Pages 43-43 Functional MRI....Pages 45-59 Mapping white matter pathways with diffusion imaging tractography: focus on neurosurgical applications....Pages 61-75 Magnetoencephalography....Pages 77-89 Extraoperative electrical mapping....Pages 91-100 Intraoperative electrical mapping: advances, limitations and perspectives....Pages 101-108 Front Matter....Pages 109-109 Experience-dependent reorganization of somatosensory and motor cortical areas: towards a neurobiology of rehabilitation....Pages 111-129 New insights into the neurobiology of language from functional brain imaging....Pages 131-143 Neural basis of memory....Pages 145-154 New insights into neurocognition provided by brain mapping: visuospatial cognition....Pages 155-166 Preoperative and postoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative assessment of mental spatial transformations in patients undergoing surgery for brain tumors....Pages 167-180 New insights into neurocognition provided by brain mapping: Social cognition and theory of mind....Pages 181-190 Front Matter....Pages 191-191 Neurocognitive outcome and resective brain tumor surgery in adults....Pages 193-206 Functional neuroimaging in neurosurgical practice....Pages 207-227 Preoperative magnetoencephalography....Pages 229-239 Preoperative transcranial magnetic stimulation: Basic principles for mapping a tumorous primary motor cortex....Pages 241-251 Navigated repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) for language mapping: a new tool for surgical planning....Pages 253-261 Preoperative Diffuson Tensor Imaging (DTI): contribution to surgical planning and validation by intraoperative electrostimulation....Pages 263-275 Front Matter....Pages 191-191 Multimodal functional neuronavigation and intraoperative imaging....Pages 277-285 Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring under general anesthesia....Pages 287-294 Brain mapping in epilepsy surgery....Pages 295-303 Awake mapping and tumor surgery....Pages 305-318 Front Matter....Pages 319-319 Indications of awake mapping and selection of intraoperative tasks....Pages 321-334 Brain hodotopy: new insights provided by intrasurgical mapping....Pages 335-347 Brain plasticity: a new concept in neuroscience, a new tool in neurosurgery....Pages 349-360 Resting-state brain networks in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)....Pages 361-372 Neural network analysis and its application in neurosurgical planning....Pages 373-388 Futile circuits in functional neurosurgery....Pages 389-392 Hugues Duffau, Editor ; With A Foreword By Marsel Mesulam. Includes Bibliographical References.