Brain Edema XII: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium, Hakone, Japan, November 10–13, 2002 (Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, 86)

Brain edema is a simple phenomenon – an abnormal increase of brain tissue volume by the increase of brain tissue water content. However the etiology is not simple and relating to a wide variety of neurological disorders including ischemia, trauma, tumor, hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. It is still a major cause of death in the neurological/neurosurgical ward. This volume is an up-to-date report on progress in brain edema research, diagnosis and treatment, including papers presented at the 12th International Symposium on Brain Edema and Brain Tissue Injury in 2002. Major topics include molecular biology and blood-brain barrier disorders, ischemic and traumatic brain edema, imaging and diagnosis of brain edema, treatment and radiation effect. Various papers in the rapidly growing fields of neuroimaging and molecular medicine are also included. Front Matter....Pages I-XV Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Concept and pathogenesis of “hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy”....Pages 3-6 Pathophysiology of traumatic brain edema: current concepts....Pages 7-10 Brain edema from intracerebral hemorrhage....Pages 11-15 Hydrostatic brain edema: basic mechanisms and clinical aspect....Pages 17-20 Non-invasive imaging methods for the characterization of the pathophysiology of brain ischemia....Pages 21-27 Cécile & Oskar Vogt: The significance of their contributions in modern neuroscience....Pages 29-32 Front Matter....Pages 33-33 Estimating blood-brain barrier opening in a rat model of hemorrhagic transformation with Patlak plots of Gd-DTPA contrast-enhanced MRI....Pages 35-37 Recent development ofMR imaging technique for the investigation of brain function....Pages 39-40 Energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow during cytotoxic brain edema induced by 6-aminonicotinamide....Pages 41-44 PET neuroreceptor imaging as predictor of severe cerebral ischemic insult....Pages 45-48 PET investigation of post-traumatic cerebral blood volume and blood flow....Pages 49-52 Quantitative evaluation of cerebral vascular permeability using multi-slice dynamic CT....Pages 53-55 Acetazolamide vasoreactivity evaluated by transcranial harmonic perfusion imaging: relationship with transcranial Doppler sonography and dynamic CT....Pages 57-62 Functional brain imaging of optical topography....Pages 63-64 Front Matter....Pages 65-65 Significant shrinkage of extracellular space during global cerebral ischemia: differences in gray and white matter ischemia....Pages 67-70 NTP and PCr responses to hypoxia by hypothermic and normothermic respiring, superfused, neonatal rat cerebrocortical slices: an NMR spectroscopy study at 14.1 Tesla....Pages 71-74 Matrix metalloproteinases are not involved in early brain edema formation after cardiac arrest in rats....Pages 75-78 Regional N-acetyl-aspartate level and immunohistochemical damage in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils....Pages 79-82 Extracellular superoxide dismutase following cerebral ischemia in mice....Pages 83-85 Peroxynitrite and caspase-3 expression after ischemia/reperfusion in mouse cardiac arrest model....Pages 87-91 Front Matter....Pages 65-65 Expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) following transient cerebral ischemia....Pages 93-96 Evaluation of neuronal cell death after a new global ischemia model in infant mice....Pages 97-100 Hippocampal heme oxigenase-1 in a murine cardiac arrest model....Pages 101-103 Calcineurin and cyclophilin D are differential targets of neuroprotection by immunosuppressants CsA and FK506 in ischemic brain damage....Pages 105-111 FK506 attenuates the post-ischemic perturbation of protein kinases and tyrosine phosphorylation in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 sectors....Pages 113-116 Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and amyloid precursor protein accumulation in microvascular compartment following ischemia-reperfusion brain injury with 1-year survival....Pages 117-122 Neuroprotective effect from ischemia and direct free radical scavenging activity of Choto-san (kampo medicine)....Pages 123-127 Front Matter....Pages 129-129 Temporal profile of experimental ischemic edema after threshold amount of insult to induce infarction — ultrastructure, gravimetry and Evans’ blue extravasation....Pages 131-135 Prediction of tissue survival after stroke based on changes in the apparent diffusion of water (cytotoxic edema)....Pages 137-140 Recovery of apparent diffusion coefficient after embolic stroke does not signify complete salvage of post-ischemic neuronal tissue....Pages 141-145 Temporal evolution of apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 value following transient focal cerebral ischemia in gerbils....Pages 147-151 Prediction of malignant infarction: perifocal neurochemical monitoring following prolonged MCA occlusion in cats....Pages 153-157 A comparison of long-term neurological symptoms after two different focal ischemic models in Mongolian gerbils....Pages 159-162 Thrombin exacerbates brain edema in focal cerebral ischemia....Pages 163-166 Infiltration of tissue plasminogen activator through cerebral vessels: evaluation using a rat thromboembolic stroke model....Pages 167-168 Mice deficient in cytosolic phospholipase A 2 are less susceptible to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury....Pages 169-172 Regional distribution of potassium and phosphorus in ischemic brain tissue of rats with X-ray fluorescence analysis....Pages 173-175 Changes of free cholesterol and neutral lipids after transient focal brain ischemia in rats....Pages 177-180 Osteopontin infusion into normal adult rat brain fails to increase cell proliferation in dentate gyrus and subventricular zone....Pages 181-185 Dissociative increase of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells between young and aged rats after transient cerebral ischemia....Pages 187-189 Front Matter....Pages 129-129 Suppression of oxidative stress after transient focal ischemia in interleukin-1 knock out mice....Pages 191-194 Mild hypothermia enhances the neuroprotective effects of a selective thrombin inhibitor following transient focal ischemia in rats....Pages 195-198 The neuroprotective effect of a free radical scavenger and mild hypothermia following transient focal ischemia in rats....Pages 199-203 Therapeutical efficacy of a novel non-peptide bradykinin B 2 receptor antagonist on brain edema formation and ischemic tissue damage in focal cerebral ischemia....Pages 205-207 Iodoamphetamine (IMP) uptake in the brain is increased after experimental cerebral venous hypertension in the rat....Pages 209-212 Vasogenic edema and VEGF expression in a rat two-vein occlusion model....Pages 213-217 Astroglial swelling in the neuronal depolarization ensemble....Pages 219-222 An Na + /H + exchanger inhibitor suppresses cellular swelling and neuronal death induced by glutamate in cultured cortical neurons....Pages 223-226 Akt phosphorylation and cell survival after hypoxia-induced cytochrome c release in superfused respiring neonatal rat cerebrocortical slices....Pages 227-230 The spinal GDNF level is increased after transient spinal cord ischemia in the rat....Pages 231-234 Front Matter....Pages 235-235 Identification of malignant brain edema after hemispheric stroke by PET-imaging and microdialysis....Pages 237-240 Cerebral blood flow index image as a simple indicator for the fate of acute ischemic lesion....Pages 241-246 Transient elevation of serum bilirubin (a heme oxygenase-1 metabolite) level in hemorrhagic stroke: bilirubin is a marker of oxidant stress....Pages 247-249 Relation between brain oxygen metabolism and temperature gradient between brain and bladder....Pages 251-253 Front Matter....Pages 255-255 Neuropeptide release influences brain edema formation after diffuse traumatic brain injury....Pages 257-260 Modulation of aquaporin-4 water transport in a model of TBI....Pages 261-263 Correlation of lesion volume and brain swelling from a focal brain trauma....Pages 265-266 A role of glial fibrillary acidic protein in hippocampal degeneration after cerebral trauma or kainate-induced seizure....Pages 267-269 Antioxidant properties of the vasoactive endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG)....Pages 271-275 Very early expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in brain oedema tissue associated with brain contusion....Pages 277-279 Front Matter....Pages 255-255 Changes of perivascular macrophages in the process of brain edema induced by cold injury....Pages 281-285 Mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphorylation in posttraumatic selective vulnerability in rats....Pages 287-289 Treatment of cold injury-induced brain edema with a nonspecific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor MMI270 in rats....Pages 291-295 Prions prevent brain damage after experimental brain injury: a preliminary report....Pages 297-299 The effect of Cyclosporin A on brain edema formation following experimental cortical contusion....Pages 301-303 The glutamate AMPA receptor antagonist, YM872, attenuates regional cerebral edema and IgG immunoreactivity following experimental brain injury in rats....Pages 305-307 Effects of edaravone on experimental brain injury in view of free radical reaction....Pages 309-311 Antioxidant compounds EGB-761 and BN-52021 attenuate brain edema formation and hemeoxygenase expression following hyperthermic brain injury in the rat....Pages 313-319 Front Matter....Pages 321-321 Edema fluid accumulation within necrotic brain tissue as a cause of the mass effect of cerebral contusion in head trauma patients....Pages 323-327 Ultra-early study of edema formation in cerebral contusion using diffusion MRI and ADC mapping....Pages 329-331 Mixed dishomogeneous hemorrhagic brain contusions. Mapping of cerebral blood flow....Pages 333-337 Neuronal damage in pericontusional edema zone....Pages 339-342 Characteristics of parietal-parasagittal hemorrhage after mild or moderate traumatic brain injury....Pages 343-346 L-8 is a key mediator of neuroinflammation in severe traumatic brain injuries....Pages 347-350 The risk factors for the occurrence of acute brain swelling in acute subdural hematoma....Pages 351-354 Volume-targeted therapy of increased intracranial pressure....Pages 355-360 Induced acute arterial hypertension and regional cerebral flow in intracontusional low density area....Pages 361-365 The importance of decompressive craniectomy for the management of severe head injuries....Pages 367-371 Importance of hemodynamics management in patients with severe head injury and during hypothermia....Pages 373-376 Changes in cerebrovascular response during brain hypothermia after traumatic brain injury....Pages 377-380 Front Matter....Pages 381-381 Neurotrophic factors attenuate microvascular permeability disturbances and axonal injury following trauma to the rat spinal cord....Pages 383-388 Depletion of endogenous serotonin synthesis with p-CPA attenuates upregulation of constitutive isoform of heme oxygenase-2 expression, edema formation and cell injury following a focal trauma to the rat spinal cord....Pages 389-394 High frequency electrical stimulation attenuates progressive necrosis and cavitation following spinal cord injury....Pages 395-397 Low molecular weight compounds with affinity to melanocortin receptors exert neuroprotection in spinal cord injury — an experimental study in the rat....Pages 399-405 Topical application of TNF-α antiserum attenuates spinal cord trauma induced edema formation, microvascular permeability disturbances and cell injury in the rat....Pages 407-413 A new antioxidant compound H-290/51 attenuates spinal cord injury induced expression of constitutive and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase and edema formation in the rat....Pages 415-420 Src family kinase inhibitor PP1 improves motor function by reducing edema after spinal cord contusion in rats....Pages 421-423 An L-type calcium channel blocker, nimodipine influences trauma induced spinal cord conduction and axonal injury in the rat....Pages 425-432 Multiple hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) expands the therapeutic window in acute spinal cord injury in rats....Pages 433-438 Front Matter....Pages 439-439 The international surgical trial in intracerebral haemorrhage (ISTICH)....Pages 441-443 Chronological changes of perihematomal edema of human intracerebral hematoma....Pages 445-448 Thrombin preconditioning upregulates transferrin and transferrin receptor and reduces brain edema induced by lysed red blood cells....Pages 449-452 Effect of hypothermia on brain edema formation following intracerebral hemorrhage in rats....Pages 453-456 Effect of delayed argatroban treatment on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced edema in the rat....Pages 457-461 Overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reduces brain edema induced by intracerebral hemorrhage and thrombin....Pages 463-467 The role of haematoma aspiration in the management of patients with thalamic haemorrhage: a pilot study with continuous compliance monitoring....Pages 469-471 Acute decrease of cerebrocortical microflow and lack of carbon dioxide reactivity following subarachnoid haemorrhage in the rat....Pages 473-476 Heat shock proteins expression in brain stem after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats....Pages 477-482 Apoptosis, blood-brain barrier, and subarachnoid hemorrhage....Pages 483-487 Focal brain edema and natriuretic peptides in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage....Pages 489-491 Front Matter....Pages 493-493 Aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 expression in human brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage and in peritumoral tissue....Pages 495-498 Aquaporin-1 expression in human glial tumors suggests a potential novel therapeutic target for tumor-associated edema....Pages 499-502 A thrombin inhibitor reduces brain edema, glioma mass and neurological deficits in a rat glioma model....Pages 503-506 Tissue reconstruction process in the area of peri-tumoural oedema caused by glioblastoma — immunohistochemical and graphical analysis using brain obtained at autopsy....Pages 507-511 Radiation necrosis and brain edema association with CyberKnife treatment....Pages 513-517 Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in pituitary adenomas....Pages 519-521 Front Matter....Pages 523-523 Aquaporin-1 deletion reduces osmotic water permeability and cerebrospinal fluid production....Pages 525-528 Hysteresis of the cerebrospinal pressure-volume curve in hydrocephalus....Pages 529-532 Is decreased ventricular volume a correlate of positive clinical outcome following shunt placement in cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus?....Pages 533-537 The ICP-dependency of resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow: a new mathematical method for CSF-parameter calculation in a model with H-Tx rats....Pages 539-543 Metabolic derangements in interstitial brain edema with preserved blood flow: selective vulnerability of the hippocampal CA3 region in rat hydrocephalus....Pages 545-547 MRI analysis of hydrocephalus associated with acoustic neurinoma....Pages 549-551 Front Matter....Pages 553-553 Non-invasive opening of BBB by focused ultrasound....Pages 555-558 Quantitative analysis of hyperosmotic and hypothermic blood-brain barrier opening....Pages 559-563 Chronic adrenomedullin treatment improves blood-brain barrier function but has no effects on expression of tight junction proteins....Pages 565-568 Front Matter....Pages 569-569 Characteristic phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway after kainate-induced seizures in the rat hippocampus....Pages 571-573 Highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) positive cells are increased and change localization in rat hippocampus by exposure to repeated kindled seizures....Pages 575-579 Continuous assessment of cerebral autoregulation: clinical and laboratory experience....Pages 581-585 Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH): The early appearance of urinary bladder activity in RI cisternography is a pathognomonic sign of SIH?....Pages 587-589 Roundtable discussion (Brain Edema 2002)....Pages 591-599 Back Matter....Pages 601-609