Boyer's the Enduring Vision: A History of the American People

The Enduring Vision features an engaging narrative that integrates political, social, and cultural history within a chronological framework. The first U.S. history survey to incorporate sustained attention to cultural history, the text is also known for its innovative coverage of public health, the environment, and the West--including Native American history.The Sixth Edition presents increased global coverage and a new comparative feature, "Beyond America: Global Interactions," which provides an international context for significant developments in the United States. A range of student oriented pedagogical features, including focus questions and an online glossary, makes this edition even more accessible. The authors continue to explore the enduring vision of the American people, a vision they describe as "a shared determination to live up to the values that give meaning to America." Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Brief Contents......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 Special Features......Page 20 Maps......Page 22 Figures......Page 24 Tables......Page 26 Preface......Page 28 About the Authors......Page 34 Prologue: Enduring Vision, Enduring Land......Page 36 The West......Page 37 The Heartland......Page 38 The Atlantic Seaboard......Page 40 A Legacy and a Challenge......Page 41 1 Native Peoples of America, to 1500......Page 44 Peopling New Worlds......Page 45 Archaic Societies......Page 47 Mesoamerica and South America......Page 48 The Southwest......Page 53 The Eastern Woodlands......Page 54 Nonfarming Societies......Page 56 Kinship and Gender......Page 58 Spiritual and Social Values......Page 59 Beyond America—Global Interactions: The Origins and Spread of Agriculture......Page 51 Chronology 13,000 BC–AD 1500......Page 61 2 The Rise of the Atlantic World, 1400–1625......Page 64 West Africa: Tradition and Change......Page 65 European Culture and Society......Page 68 Religious Upheavals......Page 71 The Reformation in England, 1533–1625......Page 73 Portugal and the Atlantic, 1400–1500......Page 74 The "New Slavery" and Racism......Page 75 To America and Beyond, 1492–1522......Page 76 Spain's Conquistadors, 1492–1536......Page 78 The Columbian Exchange......Page 82 Spain's Northern Frontier......Page 83 France: Colonizing Canada......Page 85 England and the Atlantic World, 1558–1603......Page 86 Failure and Success in Virginia, 1603–1625......Page 87 New England Begins, 1614–1625......Page 89 Conclusion......Page 90 Technology and Culture: Sugar Production in the Americas......Page 79 Chronology, 1400–1625......Page 91 3 The Emergence of Colonial Societies, 1625–1700......Page 94 Chesapeake Society......Page 95 State and Church in Maryland......Page 96 Death, Gender, and Kinship......Page 97 Tobacco Shapes a Region, 1630–1675......Page 98 Bacon's Rebellion, 1676......Page 99 From Servitude to Slavery......Page 100 Building a City upon a Hill, 1625–1642......Page 102 New England Ways......Page 103 Towns, Families, and Farm Life......Page 105 Economic and Religious Tensions......Page 107 Expansion and Native Americans......Page 109 Salem Witchcraft, 1691–1693......Page 113 Sugar and Slaves: The West Indies......Page 114 Rice and Slaves: Carolina......Page 116 Precursors: New Netherland and New Sweden......Page 117 English Conquests: New York and New Jersey......Page 118 Quaker Pennsylvania......Page 119 France Claims a Continent......Page 121 New Mexico: The Pueblo Revolt......Page 123 Florida and Texas......Page 124 Technology and Culture: Native American Baskets and Textiles in New England......Page 111 Chronology, 1625–1700......Page 125 4 The Bonds of Empire, 1660–1750......Page 128 Royal Centralization, 1660–1688......Page 129 The Glorious Revolution, 1688–1689......Page 130 Colonial Economies and Societies, 1660–1750......Page 132 Mercantilist Empires in America......Page 133 Population Growth and Diversity......Page 137 Rural White Men and Women......Page 140 Colonial Farmers and the Environment......Page 141 The Urban Paradox......Page 143 Slavery......Page 144 The Rise of Colonial Elites......Page 146 France and the American Heartland......Page 147 Native Americans and British Expansion......Page 148 British Expansion in the South: Georgia......Page 149 Spain's Borderlands......Page 150 The Return of War, 1739–1748......Page 151 Colonial Politics......Page 153 The Enlightenment......Page 155 The Great Awakening......Page 156 Beyond America—Global Interactions: European Maritime Empires, 1440–1740......Page 135 Chronology, 1660–1750......Page 159 5 Roads to Revolution, 1750–1776......Page 162 Triumph and Tensions: The British Empire, 1750–1763......Page 163 The Seven Years' War in America, 1754–1760......Page 164 The End of French North America, 1760–1763......Page 166 Anglo-American Friction......Page 167 Frontier Tensions......Page 168 Imperial Authority, Colonial Opposition, 1760–1766......Page 171 The Sugar Act, 1764......Page 172 The Stamp Act Crisis, 1765–1766......Page 173 Ideology, Religion, and Resistance......Page 176 Crisis Over the Townshend Duties, 1767–1770......Page 178 Women and Colonial Resistance......Page 180 Customs "Racketeering," 1767–1770......Page 181 "Wilkes and Liberty," 1768–1770......Page 182 The Boston Massacre, 1770......Page 183 Conflicts in the Backcountry......Page 184 The Tea Act, 1773......Page 186 Liberty for African-Americans......Page 187 The "Intolerable Acts"......Page 188 The First Continental Congress......Page 189 From Resistance to Rebellion......Page 190 Common Sense......Page 191 Declaring Independence......Page 192 Technology and Culture: Public Sanitation in Philadelphia......Page 169 Chronology, 1750–1776......Page 194 6 Securing Independence, Defining Nationhood, 1776–1788......Page 198 Loyalists and Other British Sympathizers......Page 199 The Opposing Sides......Page 201 War and Peace, 1776–1783......Page 202 Shifting Fortunes in the North, 1776–1778......Page 203 The War in the West, 1776–1782......Page 207 Victory in the South, 1778–1781......Page 208 Peace at Last, 1782–1783......Page 210 The Revolution and Social Change......Page 211 Egalitarianism Among White Males......Page 212 A Revolution for Black Americans......Page 213 From Colonies to States......Page 216 Formalizing a Confederation, 1776–1781......Page 218 Finance, Trade, and the Economy, 1781–1786......Page 219 The Confederation and the West, 1785–1787......Page 220 The Philadelphia Convention, 1787......Page 223 The Struggle over Ratification, 1787–1788......Page 226 Beyond America—Global Interactions: The American Revolution as an International War......Page 205 Chronology, 1776–1788......Page 229 7 Launching the New Republic, 1788–1800......Page 232 Implementing Government......Page 233 The Federal Judiciary and the Bill of Rights......Page 234 Establishing the Nation's Credit......Page 235 Emerging Partisanship......Page 237 The Whiskey Rebellion......Page 238 The United States in a Wider World, 1789–1796......Page 239 Spanish Power in Western North America......Page 240 France and Factional Politics, 1793......Page 243 Diplomacy and War, 1793–1796......Page 244 Ideological Confrontation, 1793–1794......Page 246 The Republican Party, 1794–1796......Page 247 The French Crisis, 1798–1799......Page 248 The Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798......Page 249 Producing for Markets......Page 251 White Women in the Republic......Page 253 Land and Culture: Native Americans......Page 255 African-American Struggles......Page 257 Beyond America—Global Interactions: Trade and Empire in the Pacific, to 1800......Page 241 Conclusion......Page 260 Chronology, 1788–1800......Page 259 8 Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings, 1801–1824......Page 262 Jefferson and Jeffersonianism......Page 263 Jefferson's "Revolution"......Page 264 Jefferson and the Judiciary......Page 265 The Louisiana Purchase......Page 266 The Lewis and Clark Expedition......Page 268 Challenges on the Home Front......Page 270 The Suppression of American Trade and Impressment......Page 273 The Embargo Act of 1807......Page 274 James Madison and the Failure of Peaceable Coercion......Page 275 Tecumseh and the Prophet......Page 276 Congress Votes for War......Page 277 On to Canada......Page 278 The Treaty of Ghent, 1814......Page 280 The Hartford Convention......Page 281 The Awakening of American Nationalism......Page 282 John Marshall and the Supreme Court......Page 283 The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821......Page 284 Foreign Policy Under Monroe......Page 285 The Monroe Doctrine, 1823......Page 286 Technology and Culture: Mapping America......Page 271 Chronology, 1801–1824......Page 287 9 The Transformation of American Society, 1815–1840......Page 290 The Sweep West......Page 291 Western Society and Customs......Page 292 The Federal Government and the West......Page 293 The Removal of the Indians......Page 294 The Agricultural Boom......Page 295 The Growth of the Market Economy......Page 296 The Speculator and the Squatter......Page 297 The Transportation Revolution: Steamboats, Canals, and Railroads......Page 298 The Growth of Cities......Page 300 Industrial Beginnings......Page 304 Causes of Industrialization......Page 305 Textile Towns in New England......Page 306 Equality and Inequality......Page 308 Urban Inequality: The Rich and the Poor......Page 309 Free Blacks in the North......Page 310 The "Middling Classes"......Page 311 The Attack on the Professions......Page 312 The Challenge to Family Authority......Page 313 Wives and Husband......Page 314 Conclusion......Page 316 Technology and Culture: Building the Erie Canal......Page 301 Chronology, 1815–1840......Page 317 10 Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform, 1824–1840......Page 320 The Rise of Democratic Politics, 1824–1832......Page 321 John Quincy Adams as President......Page 322 The Election of 1828......Page 323 Jackson in Office......Page 324 Nullification......Page 325 The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832......Page 327 The Bank Controversy and the Second Party System, 1833–1840......Page 328 The Rise of Whig Opposition......Page 329 The Election of 1836......Page 330 The Election of 1840......Page 333 The Second Party System Matures......Page 334 The Second Great Awakening......Page 335 Eastern Revivals......Page 336 The Rise of Mormonism......Page 337 The War on Liquor......Page 339 Public School Reform......Page 341 Abolition......Page 342 Women's Rights......Page 344 Penitentiaries and Asylums......Page 345 Utopian Communities......Page 347 Beyond America—Global Interactions: The Panic of 1837......Page 331 Chronology, 1824–1840......Page 348 11 Technology, Culture, and Everyday Life, 1840–1860......Page 352 Agricultural Advancement......Page 353 Technology and Industrial Progress......Page 354 The Railroad Boom......Page 357 Rising Prosperity......Page 360 Dwellings......Page 361 Conveniences and Inconveniences......Page 362 Popular Health Movements......Page 363 Democratic Pastimes......Page 364 The Theater......Page 365 P.T. Barnum......Page 366 The Quest for Nationality in Literature and Art......Page 367 Cooper, Emerson,Thoreau, Fuller, and Whitman......Page 368 Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe......Page 370 Literature in the Marketplace......Page 372 American Landscape Painting......Page 373 Technology and Culture: Guns and Gun Culture......Page 355 Conclusion......Page 375 Chronology, 1840–1860......Page 376 12 The Old South and Slavery, 1830–1860......Page 378 King Cotton......Page 379 The Lure of Cotton......Page 380 Ties Between the Lower and Upper South......Page 382 The North and South Diverge......Page 383 The Social Groups of the White South......Page 384 Planters and Plantation Mistresses......Page 385 The Small Slaveholders......Page 387 The People of the Pine Barrens......Page 388 Conflict over Slavery......Page 389 The Proslavery Argument......Page 390 The Code of Honor and Dueling......Page 393 The Southern Evangelicals and White Values......Page 394 The Maturing of the Plantation System......Page 395 Work and Discipline of Plantation Slaves......Page 396 The Slave Family......Page 397 The Longevity, Diet, and Health of Slaves......Page 398 Life on the Margins: Free Blacks in the Old South......Page 399 Slave Resistance......Page 400 The Language of Slaves......Page 402 African-American Religion......Page 403 Black Music and Dance......Page 405 Beyond America—Global Interactions: Slavery as a Global Institution......Page 391 Conclusion......Page 406 Chronology, 1830–1860......Page 407 13 Immigration, Expansion, and Sectional Conflict, 1840–1848......Page 410 Expectations and Realities......Page 412 The Germans......Page 413 The Irish......Page 414 Anti-Catholicism, Nativism, and Labor Protest......Page 415 Immigrant Politics......Page 416 The West and Beyond......Page 417 Far Western Trade......Page 418 The American Settlement of Texas to 1835......Page 419 American Settlements in California, New Mexico, and Oregon......Page 420 The Overland Trails......Page 421 The Whig Ascendancy......Page 422 Tyler and the Annexation of Texas......Page 423 The Election of 1844......Page 424 Manifest Destiny, 1845......Page 427 Polk and Oregon......Page 428 The Origins of the Mexican-American War......Page 429 The Mexican-American War......Page 430 The Election of 1848......Page 433 The California Gold Rush......Page 434 Technology and Culture: The Telegraph......Page 425 Conclusion......Page 435 Chronology, 1840–1848......Page 436 14 From Compromise to Secession, 1850–1861......Page 438 Zachary Taylor at the Helm......Page 439 Henry Clay Proposes a Compromise......Page 440 Assessing the Compromise......Page 441 Enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act......Page 442 Uncle Tom's Cabin......Page 443 The Collapse of the Second Party System, 1853–1856......Page 444 The Kansas-Nebraska Act......Page 445 The Ebbing of Manifest Destiny......Page 446 The Rise and Fall of the Know-Nothings, 1853–1856......Page 447 The Republican Party and the Crisis in Kansas, 1855–1856......Page 448 The Election of 1856......Page 451 The Lecompton Constitution, 1857......Page 452 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates......Page 453 The Legacy of Harpers Ferry......Page 455 The Collapse of the Union, 1860–1861......Page 457 The Election of 1860......Page 458 The Movement for Secession......Page 461 The Coming of War......Page 462 Beyond America—Global Interactions: Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World......Page 459 Conclusion......Page 463 Chronology, 1850–1861......Page 464 15 Crucible of Freedom: Civil War, 1861–1865......Page 466 Mobilizing for War......Page 467 Recruitment and Conscription......Page 468 Financing the War......Page 469 Political Leadership in Wartime......Page 470 Armies,Weapons, and Strategies......Page 472 Stalemate in the East......Page 475 The War in the West......Page 476 The Soldiers' War......Page 478 Ironclads and Cruisers: The Naval War......Page 480 The Diplomatic War......Page 481 From Confiscation to Emancipation......Page 482 Crossing Union Lines......Page 483 Black Soldiers in the Union Army......Page 484 The Turning Point of 1863......Page 485 The War's Economic Impact: The North......Page 489 The War's Economic Impact: The South......Page 490 Dealing with Dissent......Page 492 The Medical War......Page 495 The War and Women's Rights......Page 496 The Eastern Theater in 1864......Page 497 Sherman's March Through Georgia......Page 498 Toward Appomattox......Page 500 The Impact of the War......Page 501 Technology and Culture: The Camera and the Civil War......Page 493 Conclusion......Page 502 Chronology, 1861–1865......Page 503 16 The Crises of Reconstruction, 1865–1877......Page 508 Reconstruction Politics, 1865–1868......Page 509 Lincoln's Plan......Page 510 Presidential Reconstruction Under Johnson......Page 511 The Fourteenth Amendment, 1866......Page 512 The Impeachment Crisis, 1867–1868......Page 514 The Fifteenth Amendment and the Question of Woman Suffrage, 1869–1870......Page 517 Reconstruction Governments......Page 518 A New Electorate......Page 519 Republican Rule......Page 520 Counterattacks......Page 521 Confronting Freedom......Page 522 African-American Institutions......Page 524 Land, Labor, and Sharecropping......Page 525 Toward a Crop-Lien Economy......Page 526 Grantism......Page 528 The Panic of 1873......Page 530 Reconstruction and the Constitution......Page 533 "Redeeming" the South......Page 534 The Election of 1876......Page 535 Technology and Culture: The Sewing Machine......Page 531 Chronology, 1865–1877......Page 538 17 The Transformation of the Trans- Mississippi West, 1860–1900......Page 542 Native Americans and the Trans-Mississippi West......Page 543 The Plains Indians......Page 544 The Assault on Nomadic Indian Life......Page 545 Custer's Last Stand, 1876......Page 547 "Saving" the Indians......Page 548 The Ghost Dance and the End of Indian Resistance on the Great Plains, 1890......Page 550 The First Transcontinental Railroad......Page 552 Settlers and the Railroad......Page 553 Homesteading on the Great Plains......Page 554 Building a Society and Achieving Statehood......Page 556 The Spread of Mormonism......Page 557 Southwestern Borderlands......Page 558 Exploiting the Western Landscape......Page 559 The Mining Frontier......Page 560 Cowboys and the Cattle Frontier......Page 562 Bonanza Farms......Page 563 The Oklahoma Land Rush, 1889......Page 564 Revitalizing the Frontier Legend......Page 567 Beginning a National Parks Movement......Page 568 Beyond America—Global Interactions: Cattle-Raising in the Americas......Page 565 Chronology, 1860–1900......Page 570 18 The Rise of Industrial America, 1865–1900......Page 574 The Character of Industrial Change......Page 575 Railroad Innovations......Page 576 Consolidating the Railroad Industry......Page 577 Applying the Lessons of the Railroads to Steel......Page 578 The Trust: Creating New Formsof Corporate Organization......Page 580 The Triumph of Technology......Page 582 Specialized Production......Page 585 Advertising and Marketing......Page 586 The New South......Page 587 The New South Creed and Southern Industrialization......Page 588 The Southern Mill Economy......Page 589 The Southern Industrial Lag......Page 590 The Hardships of Industrial Labor......Page 591 Immigrant Labor......Page 592 Women and Work in Industrial America......Page 593 Hard Work and the Gospel of Success......Page 595 Organizing Workers......Page 596 Strikes and Labor Violence......Page 599 Social Thinkers Probe for Alternatives......Page 601 Technology and Culture: Electricity......Page 583 Conclusion......Page 602 Chronology, 1865–1900......Page 603 19 Immigration, Urbanization, and Everyday Life, 1860–1900......Page 606 The New American City......Page 607 Migrants and Immigrants......Page 608 Adjusting to an Urban Society......Page 610 Fashionable Avenues and Suburbs......Page 612 The Cult of Domesticity......Page 615 The Transformation of Higher Education......Page 616 Battling Poverty......Page 619 The Social Gospel......Page 621 The Settlement-House Movement......Page 622 Streets, Saloons, and Boxing Matches......Page 623 The Rise of Professional Sports......Page 625 Ragtime......Page 627 The Genteel Tradition and Its Critics......Page 628 Modernism in Architecture and Painting......Page 630 From Victorian Lady to New Woman......Page 631 Public Education as an Arena of Class Conflict......Page 632 Technology and Culture: Flush Toilets and the Invention of the Nineteenth- Century Bathroom......Page 613 Conclusion......Page 634 Chronology, 1860–1900......Page 635 20 Politics and Expansion in an Industrializing Age, 1877–1900......Page 638 Contested Political Visions......Page 639 Patterns of Party Strength......Page 641 Civil Service Reform......Page 642 Politics of Privilege, Politics of Exclusion, 1884–1892......Page 643 A Democrat in the White House: Grover Cleveland, 1885–1889......Page 644 Big Business Strikes Back, Benjamin Harrison, 1889–1893......Page 645 Agrarian Protest and the Rise of the People's Party......Page 646 African-Americans After Reconstruction......Page 649 1892: Populists Challenge the Status Quo......Page 651 Capitalism in Crisis: The Depression of 1893–1897......Page 652 Business Leaders Respond......Page 653 Silver Advocates Capture the Democratic Party......Page 654 1896: Republicans Triumphant......Page 656 Roots of Expansionist Sentiment......Page 657 Pacific Expansion......Page 658 The Spanish-American War, 1898......Page 661 Guerrilla War in the Philippines, 1898–1902......Page 663 Beyond America—Global Interactions: Missionaries to the World......Page 659 Conclusion......Page 664 Chronology, 1877–1900......Page 665 21 The Progressive Era, 1900–1917......Page 668 The Many Faces of Progressivism......Page 669 Intellectuals Offer New Social Views......Page 670 Novelists, Journalists, and Artists Spotlight Social Problems......Page 674 Reforming the Political Process......Page 675 Regulating Business, Protecting Workers......Page 676 Making Cities More Livable......Page 678 Moral Control in the Cities......Page 680 Battling Alcohol and Drugs......Page 681 Immigration Restriction and Eugenics......Page 682 Racism and Progressivism......Page 683 African-American Leaders Organize Against Racism......Page 685 Revival of the Woman-Suffrage Movement......Page 686 Enlarging "Woman's Sphere"......Page 687 Workers Organize; Socialism Advances......Page 688 National Progressivism Phase I: Roosevelt and Taft, 1901–1913......Page 689 Labor Disputes,Trustbusting, Railroad Regulation......Page 690 Consumer Protection......Page 691 Environmentalism Progressive-Style......Page 692 Taft in the White House, 1909–1913......Page 694 The Four-Way Election of 1912......Page 695 Tariff and Banking Reform......Page 696 Progressivism and the Constitution......Page 698 1916:Wilson Edges Out Hughes......Page 699 Beyond America—Global Interactions: Progressive Reformers Worldwide Share Ideas and Strategies......Page 671 Chronology, 1900–1917......Page 700 22 Global Involvements and World War I, 1902–1920......Page 704 The "Open Door": Competing for the China Market......Page 705 The Panama Canal: Hardball Diplomacy......Page 706 Roosevelt and Taft Assert U.S. Power in Latin America and Asia......Page 707 Wilson and Latin America......Page 708 The Perils of Neutrality......Page 710 The United States Enters the War......Page 712 Raising,Training, and Testing an Army......Page 713 Organizing the Economy for War......Page 715 With the American Expeditionary Force in France......Page 716 Turning the Tide......Page 717 Advertising the War......Page 719 Wartime Intolerance and Dissent......Page 720 Suppressing Dissent by Law......Page 723 Blacks Migrate Northward......Page 724 Women in Wartime......Page 725 Public Health Crisis: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic......Page 726 The War and Progressivism......Page 727 Wilson's Fourteen Points; The Armistice......Page 728 The Versailles Peace Conference, 1919......Page 729 The Fight over the League of Nations......Page 730 Racism and Red Scare, 1919–1920......Page 732 The Election of 1920......Page 733 Technology and Culture: The Phonograph, Popular Music, and Home-Front Morale in World War I......Page 721 Conclusion......Page 734 Chronology, 1902–1920......Page 735 23 The 1920s: Coping with Change, 1920–1929......Page 738 Booming Business, Ailing Agriculture......Page 739 New Modes of Producing, Managing, and Selling......Page 741 Struggling Labor Unions in a Business Age......Page 742 Standpat Politics in a Decade of Change......Page 743 Republican Policy Making in a Probusiness Era......Page 744 Progressive Stirrings, Democratic Party Divisions......Page 746 Cities, Cars, Consumer Goods......Page 747 Soaring Energy Consumption and a Threatened Environment......Page 748 Mass-Produced Entertainment......Page 750 Celebrity Culture......Page 751 The Jazz Age and the Postwar Crisis of Values......Page 752 Alienated Writers......Page 753 Architects, Painters, and Musicians Confront Modern America......Page 754 The Harlem Renaissance......Page 757 Immigration Restriction......Page 758 Needed Workers/Unwelcome Aliens: Hispanic Newcomers......Page 759 Fundamentalism and the Scopes Trial......Page 760 The Ku Klux Klan......Page 761 The Garvey Movement......Page 762 Prohibition: Cultures in Conflict......Page 763 The Election of 1928......Page 764 Herbert Hoover's Social Thought......Page 765 Beyond America—Global Interactions: The "New Woman" in the 1920s......Page 755 Conclusion......Page 766 Chronology, 1920–1929......Page 767 24 The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929–1939......Page 770 Black Thursday and the Onset of the Depression......Page 771 Hoover's Response......Page 772 Mounting Discontent and Protest......Page 773 Roosevelt and His Circle......Page 775 The Hundred Days......Page 777 Problems and Controversies Plague the Early New Deal......Page 779 1934–1935: Challenges from Right and Left......Page 781 Aiding Migrants, Supporting Unions, Regulating Business,Taxing the Wealthy......Page 782 The Social Security Act of 1935; End of the Second New Deal......Page 784 The 1936 Roosevelt Landslide and the New Democratic Coalition......Page 785 The Environment and the West......Page 786 The Roosevelt Recession......Page 788 Final Measures;Growing Opposition......Page 789 The Depression's Psychological and Social Impact......Page 790 Industrial Workers Unionize......Page 791 Black and Hispanic Americans Resist Racism and Exploitation......Page 793 A New Deal for Native Americans......Page 795 Avenues of Escape: Radio and the Movies......Page 796 The Later 1930s: Opposing Fascism; Reaffirming Traditional Values......Page 799 Streamlining and a World's Fair: Corporate America's Utopian Vision......Page 801 Technology and Culture: Sound, Color, and Animation Come to the Movies......Page 797 Conclusion......Page 802 Chronology, 1929–1939......Page 803 25 Americans and a World in Crisis, 1933–1945......Page 806 Nationalism and the Good Neighbor......Page 807 The Rise of Aggressive States in Europe and Asia......Page 808 The Gathering Storm, 1938–1939......Page 809 Into the Storm, 1939–1941......Page 810 From Isolation to Intervention......Page 813 Pearl Harbor and the Coming of War......Page 814 Organizing for Victory......Page 816 The War Economy......Page 817 "A Wizard War"......Page 819 Propaganda and Politics......Page 820 Liberating Europe......Page 821 The Grand Alliance......Page 823 War and American Society......Page 824 The Home Front......Page 825 Racism and New Opportunities......Page 828 War and Diversity......Page 830 The Internment of Japanese-Americans......Page 831 The Yalta Conference......Page 832 Victory in Europe......Page 833 The Atomic Bombs......Page 834 Beyond America—Global Interactions: Refugees from Fascism: The Intellectual Migration to the United States......Page 811 Conclusion......Page 836 Chronology, 1933–1945......Page 837 26 The Cold War Abroad and at Home, 1945–1952......Page 840 Demobilization and Reconversion......Page 841 The GI Bill of Rights......Page 842 Truman's Domestic Program......Page 843 Polarization and Cold War......Page 844 The Iron Curtain Descends......Page 846 Containing Communism......Page 849 Confrontation in Germany......Page 850 The Cold War in Asia......Page 851 The Korean War, 1950–1953......Page 853 The Truman Administration at Home, 1945–1952......Page 855 The Politics of Civil Rights and the Election of 1948......Page 856 The Fair Deal......Page 858 The Anticommunist Crusade......Page 859 Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs......Page 861 McCarthyism......Page 862 The Election of 1952......Page 863 Beyond America—Global Interactions: Decolonization and the Cold War......Page 847 Conclusion......Page 864 Chronology, 1945–1952......Page 865 27 America at Midcentury, 1952–1960......Page 868 "Dynamic Conservatism"......Page 869 The Downfall of Joseph McCarthy......Page 870 Jim Crow in Court......Page 873 The Laws of the Land......Page 874 Ike and Dulles......Page 875 CIA Covert Actions......Page 876 The Vietnam Domino......Page 877 The Affluent Society......Page 878 The New Industrial Society......Page 879 The Age of Computers......Page 880 The Costs of Bigness......Page 881 Blue-Collar Blues......Page 882 Prosperity and the Suburbs......Page 883 Togetherness and the Baby Boom......Page 885 Religion and Education......Page 886 The Culture of the Fifties......Page 887 The Television Culture......Page 888 Poverty and Urban Blight......Page 890 Blacks' Struggle for Justice......Page 891 Latinos and Latinas......Page 892 Sputnik......Page 893 A Different Beat......Page 894 Portents of Change......Page 895 Technology and Culture: The Interstate Highway System......Page 871 Chronology, 1952–1960......Page 897 28 The Liberal Era, 1960–1968......Page 900 The Kennedy Presidency, 1960–1963......Page 901 Kennedy's Domestic Record......Page 902 Cold War Activism......Page 904 The Thousand-Day Presidency......Page 905 Nonviolence and Violence......Page 906 The African-American Revolution......Page 907 The Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts......Page 908 Fire in the Streets......Page 909 "Black Power"......Page 911 Johnson Takes Over......Page 912 The 1964 Election......Page 913 The Warren Court in the Sixties......Page 914 Voices of Protest......Page 916 Hispanic Americans Organize......Page 917 A Second Feminist Wave......Page 919 The Liberal Crusade in Vietnam, 1961–1968......Page 920 Kennedy and Vietnam......Page 923 Escalation of the War......Page 924 Doves Versus Hawks......Page 925 Technology and Culture: The Pill......Page 921 Chronology, 1960–1968......Page 927 29 A Time of Upheaval, 1968–1974......Page 930 Toward a New Left......Page 931 From Protest to Resistance......Page 932 Kent State and Jackson State......Page 934 Legacy of Student Frenzy......Page 935 Musical Revolution......Page 936 Gay Liberation......Page 937 A Shaken President......Page 938 Assassinations and Turmoil......Page 942 Conservative Resurgence......Page 943 Vietnamization......Page 944 LBJ's War Becomes Nixon's War......Page 945 Détente......Page 946 Shuttle Diplomacy......Page 947 The Nixon Presidency......Page 949 A Troubled Economy......Page 950 Law and Order......Page 951 The Election of 1972......Page 952 The Watergate Upheaval......Page 953 A President Disgraced......Page 954 Beyond America—Global Interactions: The British Invasion......Page 939 Conclusion......Page 955 Chronology, 1964–1974......Page 956 30 Conservative Resurgence, Economic Woes, Foreign Challenges, 1974–1989......Page 958 Personal Pursuits and Diversions......Page 959 Changing Gender Roles and Sexual Behavior......Page 963 The Persistence of Social Activism......Page 964 Grass-Roots Conservatism......Page 965 Evangelical Protestants Mobilize......Page 966 A Changing Economy......Page 967 The Two Worlds of Black America......Page 968 New