Botanical Aspects of Environment and Economy at Gordion, Turkey (Gordion Special Studies Book 5)

Ancient Climate and Vegetation 3. Field to Laboratory: Collection and Processing of Wood Charcoal and Flotation Samples Nature of the Deposits-Burnt Buildings vs. Ordinary Occupation Debris Field Collection of Wood Charcoal Field Sampling for Flotation Representativeness Laboratory Procedures-Samples, Sorting, Recording, and Quantification 4. Analysis of the Wood Charcoal Sample Archaeological Context Methodological and Analytical Assumptions The Taxa: Ecological Significance Distribution of the Charcoal in Time and Space Results of the Charcoal Analysis 5. Analysis of the Flotation Samples Methodological and Analytical Assumptions Quantification of the Remains from Occupation Debris The Taxa: Economic and Ecological Significance Distribution of the Taxa in Time and Space Flotation Samples from Burned Buildings vi CoNTENTS

The archaeological site of Gordion is most famous as the home of the Phrygian king Midas and as the place where Alexander the Great cut the Gordian knot on his way to conquer Asia. Located in central Anatolia (present-day Turkey) near the confluence of the Porsuk and Sakarya rivers, Gordion also lies on historic trade routes between east and west as well as north to the Black Sea. Favorably situated for long-distance trade, Gordion's setting is marginal for agricultural cultivation but well suited to pastoral production. It is therefore not surprising that with the exception of a single Chalcolithic site, the earliest settlements in the region are fairly late—they date to the Early Bronze Age (late 3rd millennium B.C.). The earliest known levels of Gordion, too, date to the Early Bronze Age, and occupation of at least some part of the site was nearly continuous through at least Roman times (second half of the 1st century B.C.).

This work is a contribution to both the archaeobotany of west Asia and the archaeology of the site of Gordion. The book's major concern is understanding long-term changes in the environment and in land use. An important finding, with implications for modern land management, is that the most sustainable use of this landscape involves mixed farming of dry-farmed cereals, summer-irrigated garden crops, and animal husbandry. The large number of samples from the 1988-89 seasons analyzed here make this a rich source for understanding other materials from the Gordion excavations and for comparison with other sites in west Asia.

Content of this book's CD-ROM may be found online at this location: http://core.tdar.org/project/376588.

University Museum Monograph, 131

The archaeological site of Gordion is most famous as the home of the Phrygian king Midas and as the place where Alexander the Great cut the Gordian knot on his way to conquer Asia. Located in central Anatolia (present-day Turkey) near the confluence of the Porsuk and Sakarya rivers, Gordion also lies on historic trade routes between east and west as well as north to the Black Sea. Favorably situated for long-distance trade, Gordion's setting is marginal for agricultural cultivation but well suited to pastoral production. It is therefore not surprising that with the exception of a single Chalcolithic site, the earliest settlements in the region are fairly late-they date to the Early Bronze Age (late 3rd millennium B.C.). The earliest known levels of Gordion, too, date to the Early Bronze Age, and occupation of at least some part of the site was nearly continuous through at least Roman times (second half of the 1st century B.C.). This work is a contribution to both the archaeobotany of west Asia and the archaeology of the site of Gordion. The book's major concern is understanding long-term changes in the environment and in land use. An important finding, with implications for modern land management, is that the most sustainable use of this landscape involves mixed farming of dry-farmed cereals, summer-irrigated garden crops, and animal husbandry. The large number of samples from the 1988-89 seasons analyzed here make this a rich source for understanding other materials from the Gordion excavations and for comparison with other sites in west Asia. Contents Illustrations Tables Preface 1. Archaeological Background 2. Environment, Vegetation, and Land Use 3. Field to Laboratory: Collection and Processing of Wood Charcoal and Flotation Samples 4. Analysis of the Wood Charcoal Sample 5. Analysis of the Flotation Samples 6. Interpretation – Summary and Conclusions Appendix A. Flotation Samples: Laboratory Protocol for Gordion Appendix B. Wood Charcoal Identification Criteria Appendix C. Vegetation Survey Appendix D. Wild and Weedy Taxa: Seed Identification and Ecological Information Appendix F. Flotation Samples Bibliography Index Author Note This work is a contribution to both the archaeobotany of west Asia and the archaeology of the site of Gordion in central Anatolia (present-day Turkey). The book's major concern is understanding long-term changes in the environment and in land use. This work is a contribution to both the archaeobotany of west Asia and the archaeology of the site of Gordion in central Anatolia (present-day Turkey). The book's major concern is understanding long-term changes in the environment and in land use.