Bones, stones, and Buddhist monks : collected papers on the archaeology, epigraphy, and texts of monastic Buddhism in India

From the Preface "The present volume provides an essential foundation for a social history of Indian Buddhist monasticism. Challenging the popular stereotype that represented the accumulation of merit as the domain of the layperson while monks concerned themselves with more sophisticated realms of doctrine and meditation, Professor Schopen problematizes many assumptions about the lay-monastic distinction by demonstrating that monks and nuns, both the scholastic elites and the less learned, participated actively in a wide range of ritual practices and institutions that have heretofore been judged 'popular,' from the accumulation and transfer of merit; to the care of deceased relatives;.... Taken together, the studies contained in this volume represent the basis for a new historiography of Buddhism, not only for their critique of many of the idees recues of Buddhist Studies but for the compelling connections they draw between apparently disparate details." --Donald S. Lopez, Jr. Contents Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations I. Archaeology and Protestant Presuppositions in the Study of Indian Buddhism II. Two Problems in the History of Indian Buddhism: The Layman/Monk Distinction and the Doctrines of the Transference of Merit III. Filial Piety and the Monk in the Practice of Indian Buddhism: A Question of "Sinicization" Viewed from the Other Side IV. The Ritual Obligations and Donor Roles of Monks in the Pali * Vinaya V. The Stupa* Cult and the Extant Pali Vinaya VI. Monks and the Relic Cult in the Mahaparinibbana-sutta*: An Old Misunderstanding in Regard to Monastic Buddhism VII. Burial Ad Sanctos and the Physical Presence of the Buddha in Early Indian Buddhism: A Study in the Archaeology of Religions VIII. On the Buddha and His Bones: The Conception of a Relic in the Inscriptions from Nagarjunikonda* IX. An Old Inscription from Amaravati* and the Cult of the Local Monastic Dead in Indian Buddhist Monasteries X. On Avoiding Ghosts and Social Censure: Monastic Funerals in the Mulasarvasti vadavinaya * XI. On Monks XII. The Buddha as an Owner of Property and Permanent Resident in Medieval Indian Monasteries Index of Archaeological Sites and Inscriptions Index of Texts Index of Words Index of Subjects (Missing) here Missing Index of Sujects: Index of Subjects Amitābha, 39-40, 53 n. 89, 53 n. 90 darśan, 116-117, 137 n. 9, 138 n. 10 de la Vallée Poussin, L., 8, 101, 149, 205, 259, 277 dhāraḥs, 120-122, 142 n. 31 Dharmaṃāstra, 214, 219 disposal of the dead, 8-9, 72, 92-93, 96 n. 19, 105, 115ff, 194 n. 6, 204ff donative formulae, 5, 6, 7, 35-36, 37-38, 39, 40-41, 42, 51 n. 82, 51 n. 83, 52 n. 85, 52 n. 86, 52 n. 87, 53 n. 88, 54 n. 95, 55 n. 98, 57-63, 69, 77, 115, 167, 170-171, 172, 246 I-tsing, 120, 225 n. 19, 232 n. 62, 234 n. 63, 236 n. 71, 277, 286 n. 70, 286 n. 72 juristic personality of the Buddha, 272-274 Lamotte, Ét., 5-7, 18 n. 29, 24, 25, 27, 41-42, 144, 168, 239, 252 Mahāyāna, 31, 32, 36, 37ff, 52 n. 83, 54 n. 94, 81, 85, 96 n. 18, 99, 129, 148, 150, 188, 202 n. 97, 238, 250, 256 n. 38, 256 n. 41, 256 n. 44, 258, 259, 261, 286 n. 70, 288 n. 87 manuscript traditions, 1, 16 n. 5, 25, 91, 96 n. 23, 136 n. 6, 203 n. 111 monastic titles, 24, 30-31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 44 n. 5, 44 n. 7, 45 n. 8, 49 n. 42, 49 n. 45, 54 n. 95, 62, 63, 65, 77, 78, 93, 107, 117, 138 n. 11, 139 n. 12, 139 n. 13, 159, 165, 169, 174, 175, 176, 186-188, 189, 190, 191, 202 n. 103, 210, 211, 212, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 268, 269, 283 n. 39 Nirvāṇa in inscriptions, 36, 39, 64 nuns, 248-250 Oldenberg, H., 30, 185, 204, 248, 250 personal property owned by monks, 3-4 religious acts undertaken for the dead, 35, 36, 37, 38, 59, 61-62, 63 Rhys Davids, T.W., 8, 100, 185, 204 "schools" in inscriptions, 26, 37ff, 51 n. 83, 52 n. 85, 80, 93, 159, 167-168, 195 n. 25, 245 stūpas / relics, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 76, 77, 96 n. 19, 100, 103-104, 106, 108, 115, 199ff, 126-128, 128-131, 148-164, 160, 165ff, 179-180, 197 n. 38, 198 n. 50, 218, 233 n. 63, 272, 273, 276-277 transfer of merit, 6-7, 19 n. 31, 36ff, 54 n. 95, 78-79, 213, 221, 229 n. 42, 246 Contents 9 Preface 10 Acknowledgments 12 Abbreviations 16 I. Archaeology and Protestant Presuppositions in the Study of Indian Buddhism 19 II. Two Problems in the History of Indian Buddhism: The Layman/Monk Distinction and the Doctrines of the Transference of Merit 41 III. Filial Piety and the Monk in the Practice of Indian Buddhism: A Question of "Sinicization" Viewed from the Other Side 74 IV. The Ritual Obligations and Donor Roles of Monks in the Pali * Vinaya 90 V. The Stupa* Cult and the Extant Pali Vinaya 104 VI. Monks and the Relic Cult in the Mahaparinibbana-sutta*: An Old Misunderstanding in Regard to Monastic Buddhism 117 VII. Burial Ad Sanctos and the Physical Presence of the Buddha in Early Indian Buddhism: A Study in the Archaeology of Religions 132 VIII. On the Buddha and His Bones: The Conception of a Relic in the Inscriptions from Nagarjunikonda* 166 IX. An Old Inscription from Amaravati* and the Cult of the Local Monastic Dead in Indian Buddhist Monasteries 183 X. On Avoiding Ghosts and Social Censure: Monastic Funerals in the Mulasarvasti vadavinaya * 222 XI. On Monks 256 XII. The Buddha as an Owner of Property and Permanent Resident in Medieval Indian Monasteries 276 Index of Archaeological Sites and Inscriptions 309 Index of Texts 312 Index of Words 314 Index of Subjects -1