Bodmin Moor: An Archaeological Survey. Vol. 1. The Human Landscape to c. 1860

With contributions by Ann Carter, John Hampton, Peter Herring, Rob Iles, Jacqueline Nowakowski, the late R. W. Smith, and Cyril Wardale. Editor: Desmond Bonney. First published 1994. Reprinted with amendments 2008. Ebook (PDF) published 2013. Year-by-year encroachment in the 20th century for cultivation or tree-planting provided the stimulus for the most extensive survey ever undertaken of the archaeological monuments of Bodmin Moor, a previously little-disturbed landscape rich in surviving structural evidence of the many ways, from the Bronze Age to the post-medieval period, in which people settled and exploited the Moor and its surroundings. The survey is remarkable not only for the extent of the area examined, but also for the number of monuments newly identified in the course of the work. Supplementing the survey text are detailed line drawings, plans, aerial photographs and large-scale maps. List of illustrations vi List of tables viii List of abbreviations viii Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xii Summary/Résumé/Zusammenfassung xiii Notes on general maps by Peter Rose vi 1. Introduction by Nicholas Johnson 1 1. Setting and location 1 2. Topography and climate 2 3. Vegetational history 3 4. Vegetation and land use change 3 5. Past archaeological work by Peter Rose 4 2. Survey logistics by Nicholas Johnson 5 1. Background 5 2. Aims 5 3. Type and scale of survey 5 4. Study area 6 5. Organisation 6 6. Summary of remains surveyed 6 7. Survey statistics 6 3. Survey methodology by John Hampton 8 1. Introduction 8 2. Air survey by Ann Carter 8 3. Field survey, RCHME by Cyril Wardale 11 4. Field survey, CAU by Nicholas Johnson 15 4. The prehistoric landscape by Nicholas Johnson 24 1. Long cairns 24 2. Miscellaneous ritual monuments 26 3. Standing stones, standing stones in cairns, stone settings 29 4. Stone circles and stone rows 31 5. Cairns 34 6. Defended enclosures 46 7. Prehistoric huts 49 8. Settlements 55 9. CAU survey area by Peter Rose and Nicholas Johnson 65 10. Discussion 72 5. The historic landscape by Peter Rose 77 1. Introduction 77 2. Context and colonisation 77 3. Summer pasture 80 4. Deserted medieval settlements 83 5. Post-medieval buildings and settlements by Peter Herring and Jacqueline Nowakowski 98 6. Fields, cultivation, and the organisation of the landscape 100 7. Chronological summary of the main developments 114 6. The future - scheduling, management and presentation by the late R. W. Smith 116 1. Introduction 116 2. Analysis 116 3. Approaches to preservation 116 4. Scheduling 116 5. Management 117 6. Presentation 118 7. Conclusions 118 Addendum 1994 by Rob Iles 118 Appendix 1. Chronological summary of past archaeological work by Peter Rose 119 Appendix 2. Locations of cairns illustrated in Figs 23–6 120 Bibliography 121 Index by Lesley Adkins and Roy Adkins 124 "Bodmin Moor is an upland landscape, heavily protected, farmed extensively and with an increasingly light touch, and enjoyed by many as a retreat from busier modern worlds. But it is also a place of industry and the home of busy agricultural communities. Well-preserved remains of streamworking, mining, quarrying, clay working, turf cutting and more intensive farming were subjected to archaeological survey and historical research as part of the wider-ranging survey partly covered in the first volume (on prehistoric and medieval landscapes). Supplementing the survey text are aerial photographs and detailed line drawings, mainly plans and elevations, but also reconstructions of sites and schematic representations of processes as well as large-scale maps of key areas"--Publisher description This is Volume 1 of the most extensive survey ever undertaken of the archaeological monuments of Bodmin Moor, a previously little-disturbed landscape.