BNF for Children 2020-2021 (British National Formulary for Children)

The British National Formulary for Children is the first choice for concise medicines information for children. Trusted by healthcare professionals across the world to support confident decision-making at the point of care. The new edition provides up-to-date guidance on prescribing, dispensing, and administering medicines to children, plus legal and professional guidelines. Recommendations in the BNF for Children have been constructed on the basis of authoritative sources, emerging evidence, best practice guidelines and advice from a network of paediatric experts. The process is overseen by a paediatric formulary committee. Extensive content updates in the BNFC 2020-21 edition include: New monographs on: Gilenya ® [fingolimod] for multiple sclerosis Mozobil ® [plerixafor] to mobilise haematopoietic stem cells to peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with lymphoma or solid malignant tumours Renapime ® [cefepime] for bacterial infection MHRA advice Domperidone for nausea and vomiting: lack of efficacy in children; reminder of contra-indications in adults and adolescents Dose changes Epipen ®preparations (adrenaline/epinephrine) [body-weight ranges for children’s dosing updated] Idursulfase [updated age range] Qvar ® (beclometasone dipropionate) [age-range extension] Update guidance on Rotavirus vaccine: updated guidance in-line with Public Health England recommendations. Updated guidance on depression Updated guidance on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 00 BNFC 2020-2021 Front Cover......Page 1 01 BNFC IFC......Page 2 01a BNFC Insert......Page 3 02 BNFC Prelims......Page 5 Preface......Page 7 Contents......Page 8 Acknowledgements......Page 9 BNF Staff......Page 10 Nurse Prescribers’ Advisory Group......Page 11 How BNF Publications are constructed......Page 12 How to use BNF Publications in print......Page 14 Changes......Page 21 Guidance on prescribing......Page 23 Prescription writing......Page 27 Supply of medicines......Page 29 Emergency supply of medicines......Page 30 Controlled drugs and drug dependence......Page 31 Adverse reactions to drugs......Page 35 Guidance on intravenous infusions......Page 38 Prescribing in renal impairment......Page 39 Prescribing in breast-feeding......Page 41 Prescribing in palliative care......Page 43 Medicines optimisation......Page 47 Antimicrobial stewardship......Page 49 Prescribing in dental practice......Page 51 Chronic bowel disorders......Page 52 Outline placeholder......Page 0 Constipation and bowel cleansing......Page 63 Diarrhoea......Page 75 Disorders of gastric acid and ulceration......Page 77 Gastro-intestinal smooth muscle spasm......Page 88 Liver disorders and related conditions......Page 91 Obesity......Page 94 Rectal and anal disorders......Page 96 Reduced exocrine secretions......Page 98 Stoma care......Page 100 Arrhythmias......Page 102 Bleeding disorders......Page 109 Blood clots......Page 115 Blood pressure conditions......Page 126 Heart failure......Page 154 Hyperlipidaemia......Page 157 Myocardial ischaemia......Page 164 Oedema......Page 168 Patent ductus arteriosus......Page 172 Vascular disease......Page 173 Chapter 3 Respiratory system......Page 175 Airways disease, obstructive......Page 176 Allergic conditions......Page 202 Conditions affecting sputum viscosity......Page 216 Cough and congestion......Page 220 Respiratory depression, respiratory distress syndrome and apnoea......Page 222 Epilepsy and other seizure disorders......Page 225 Mental health disorders......Page 263 Movement disorders......Page 293 Nausea and labyrinth disorders......Page 297 Pain......Page 308 Sleep disorders......Page 333 Substance dependence......Page 335 Bacterial infection......Page 340 Fungal infection......Page 425 Helminth infection......Page 437 Protozoal infection......Page 440 Viral infection......Page 455 Antidiuretic hormone disorders......Page 490 Corticosteroid responsive conditions......Page 492 Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia......Page 503 Disorders of bone metabolism......Page 526 Gonadotrophin responsive conditions......Page 531 Hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormone related disorders......Page 533 Sex hormone responsive conditions......Page 537 Thyroid disorders......Page 543 Bladder and urinary disorders......Page 548 Contraception......Page 554 Vaginal and vulval conditions......Page 576 Immune system disorders and transplantation......Page 579 Antibody responsive malignancy......Page 592 Cytotoxic responsive malignancy......Page 597 Immunotherapy responsive malignancy......Page 624 Targeted therapy responsive malignancy......Page 625 Anaemias......Page 631 Iron overload......Page 644 Neutropenia and stem cell mobilisation......Page 647 Platelet disorders......Page 649 Acid-base imbalance......Page 652 Fluid and electrolyte imbalances......Page 653 Metabolic disorders......Page 674 Mineral and trace elements deficiencies......Page 689 Nutrition (intravenous)......Page 690 Nutrition (oral)......Page 693 Vitamin deficiency......Page 696 Arthritis......Page 711 Neuromuscular disorders......Page 720 Pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders......Page 725 Soft tissue and joint disorders......Page 736 Chapter 11 Eye......Page 739 Allergic and inflammatory eye conditions......Page 740 Dry eye conditions......Page 745 Eye infections......Page 748 Eye procedures......Page 752 Glaucoma and ocular hypertension......Page 755 Retinal disorders......Page 761 Ear......Page 763 Otitis externa......Page 764 Removal of earwax......Page 768 Nose......Page 769 Nasal congestion......Page 770 Nasal infection......Page 772 Nasal inflammation, nasal polyps and rhinitis......Page 773 Dry mouth......Page 776 Oral hygiene......Page 777 Oral ulceration and inflammation......Page 780 Oropharyngeal bacterial infections......Page 783 Oropharyngeal fungal infections......Page 784 Oropharyngeal viral infections......Page 785 Chapter 13 Skin......Page 786 Dry and scaling skin disorders......Page 787 Infections of the skin......Page 794 Inflammatory skin conditions......Page 803 Perspiration......Page 825 Pruritus......Page 826 Rosacea and acne......Page 827 Scalp and hair conditions......Page 833 Skin cleansers, antiseptics and desloughing agents......Page 834 Sun protection and photodamage......Page 838 Superficial soft-tissue injuries and superficial thrombophlebitis......Page 839 Warts and calluses......Page 840 Immunoglobulin therapy......Page 843 Post-exposure prophylaxis......Page 849 Vaccination......Page 850 General anaesthesia......Page 884 Anaesthesia adjuvants......Page 890 Malignant hyperthermia......Page 902 Local anaesthesia......Page 903 Chapter 16 Emergency treatment of poisoning......Page 913 Chemical toxicity......Page 920 Drug toxicity......Page 921 Methaemoglobinaemia......Page 925 Snake bites......Page 926 Appendix 1 Interactions......Page 927 Appendix 2 Borderline substances......Page 1120 Feed additives......Page 1148 Foods for special diets......Page 1149 Nutritional supplements for metabolic diseases......Page 1153 Appendix 3 Cautionary and advisory labels for dispensed medicines......Page 1160 Dental Practitioners’ Formulary......Page 1163 Nurse Prescribers’ Formulary (NPF)......Page 1165 Non-medical prescribing......Page 1168 Index of manufacturers......Page 1169 Special-order manufacturers......Page 1174 Index......Page 1176 Yellow Cards......Page 1203 Newborn Life Support......Page 1211 Paediatric Basic Life Support......Page 1212 Approximate Conversions and Units......Page 1213 Abbreviations and Symbols......Page 1214 Recommended wording of cautionary and advisory labels......Page 1219 E numbers......Page 1221 The Bnf For Children (bnfc) 2020-2021 Provides Essential Practical Information To All Healthcare Professionals Involved In The Prescribing, Dispensing, Monitoring And Administration Of Medicines To Children. It Addresses A Significant Knowledge Gap In Many Areas Of Paediatric Practice By Providing Practical Information On The Use Of Medicines In Children Of All Ages From Birth To Adolescence. Recommendations In The Bnfc Have Been Constructed On The Basis Of Authoritative Sources, Emerging Evidence And Best Practice Guidelines. The Content Has Been Carefully Validated By A Network Of Paediatric Experts And The Process Is Overseen By A Paediatric Formulary Committee. The Bnf For Children 2020-2021 Has Been Revised And Revalidated To Reflect Changes In Product Availability, Emerging Safety Concerns And Shifts In Clinical Practice. This publication aims to provide prescribers, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals with up-to-date information on the use of medicines for treating children. It has been designed for rapid reference and to aid decisions on prescribing, dispensing and administration of medicines.