Bloomer Girls: Women Baseball Pioneers (Sport and Society)

Disapproving scolds. Sexist condescension. Odd theories about the effect of exercise on reproductive organs. Though baseball began as a gender-neutral sport, girls and women of the nineteenth century faced many obstacles on their way to the diamond. Yet all-female nines took the field everywhere. Debra A. Shattuck pulls from newspaper accounts and hard-to-find club archives to reconstruct a forgotten era in baseball history. Her fascinating social history tracks women players who organized baseball clubs for their own enjoyment and even found roster spots on men's teams. Entrepreneurs, meanwhile, packaged women's teams as entertainment, organizing leagues and barnstorming tours. If the women faced financial exploitation and indignities like playing against men in women's clothing, they and countless ballplayers like them nonetheless staked a claim to the nascent national pastime. Shattuck explores how the determination to take their turn at bat thrust female players into narratives of the women's rights movement and transformed perceptions of women's physical and mental capacity. Vivid and eye-opening, Bloomer Girls is a first-of-its-kind portrait of America, its women, and its game. | Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Creating a National Pastime 2. 1865–1879: Contesting a National Pastime: The Amateur Game 3. 1865–1879: Commodifying a National Pastime The "Professional" Game 4. The 1880s: Molding Manly Men and Disappearing Women 5. The 1890s: New Women, Bloomer Girls, and the Old Ball Game Conclusion Appendix Notes Selected Bibliography Index| "This work fills a noteworthy gap in the scholarship and will be of importance to any individual interested in sport, women's history, and gender studies. Recommended."— Choice "It is safe to say that Bloomer Girls may be considered the definitive book on women's baseball in the nineteenth century. Shattuck's research shows on every page, and she masterfully decodes primary sources and constructs a satisfying answer for anyone who has ever wondered why baseball is a man's game."— Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society " Bloomer Girls would be a helpful resource for researchers interested in social history, particularly regarding gender roles and sports, and for baseball fans interested in the history of the sport."— FGS Forum | Debra A. Shattuck is Provost and Assistant Professor of History at John Witherspoon College. This book is the first to document the transformation of America’s national pastime from a gender-neutral sport into a highly-gendered “man’s game.” For decades, most modern scholars of sport have assumed that baseball was, and always has been, a man’s game. Yet baseball began as a gender-neutral “blank slate” upon which adult men and women wrote their gendered narratives and then taught those narratives to their children. Baseball’s gendered future was never inevitable nor was it quickly solidified or uncontested. Every decade of the nineteenth century saw more girls and women playing and watching baseball than in previous decades. Yet the narrative of baseball as a man’s game gained momentum in each successive decade well into the twentieth century. The book describes the process through which the history of women baseball players became distorted by myth and misperception even as girls and women played on the same types of teams that boys and men did, including scholastic/collegiate, civic/pick-up, amateur/professional and factory teams. The book places the evolution of baseball’s gendered characterization into the broader context of American sport and culture, and describes how professional interests wrested control of the game’s institutional structures, culture, and social interactions from amateur interests. Debra A. Shattuck Pulls From Newspaper Accounts And Hard-to-find Club Archives To Reconstruct A Forgotten Era In Baseball History. Her Fascinating Social History Tracks Women Players Who Organized Baseball Clubs For Their Own Enjoyment And Found Roster Spots On Men's Teams. If The Women Faced Financial Exploitation And Indignities, They Nonetheless Staked A Claim To The Nascent National Pastime. Shattuck Explores How The Determination To Take Their Turn At Bat Thrust Female Players Into Narratives Of The Women's Rights Movement And Transformed Perceptions Of Women's Physical And Mental Capacity. Introduction -- Creating A National Pastime -- 1865-1879: Contesting A National Pastime -- 1865-1879: Commodifying A National Pastime -- The 1880s: Molding Manly Men And Disappearing Women -- The 1890s: New Women, Bloomer Girls, And The Old Ball Game -- Conclusion. Debra A. Shattuck. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 279-290) And Index. This work documents the transformation of America's national pastime from a gender-neutral sport into a highly-gendered 'man's game.'