Blockchain {u2013} ICBC 2021 4th International Conference, Held as Part of the Services Conference Federation, SCF 2021, Virtual Event, December 10{u2013}14, 2021, Proceedings

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Blockchain, ICBC 2021, held as part of SCF 2021, held as a Virtual Event, during December 10{u2013}14, 2021. The 8 full papers and 1 short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. They deal with all topics regarding blockchain technologies, platforms, solutions and business models, including new blockchain architecture, platform constructions, blockchain development and blockchain services technologies as well as standards, and blockchain services innovation lifecycle including enterprise modeling, business consulting, solution creation, services orchestration, services optimization, services management, services marketing, business process integration and management Preface Organization Conference Sponsor – Services Society About the Services Conference Federation (SCF) Contents Research Tracks Agrichain: A Blockchain-Based Food Supply Chain Management System 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 2.1 Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology 2.2 Supply Chain Management - A Blockchain Use Case 3 Proposed Model 3.1 Overview 3.2 Workflow 3.3 Smart Contracts 4 Results and Challenges 4.1 Supply Chain Tracking 4.2 Challenges 5 Conclusion References EMRs with Blockchain: A Distributed Democratised Electronic Medical Record Sharing Platform 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Background 3.1 Blockchain 3.2 Consensus Mechanisms 3.3 Hyperledger Fabric 3.4 Interplanetary File System 4 Proposed Platform 4.1 Methodology 4.2 Steps Involved in Transacting Medical Assets 5 Problems Addressed 5.1 Data Access Management 5.2 Data Availability 5.3 Data Acquisition 5.4 Data Sharing 5.5 Improved Research 5.6 Personalised Medicine 6 Conclusion References Decentralized Authorization in Web Services Using Public Blockchain 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Design and Features 3.1 Initial Deployment of ABAC Components 3.2 Processing Access Requests 3.3 Auditability and Verifiability 3.4 Flexibility, Scalability and Privacy 4 Prototype Implementation 4.1 Implementation Details 4.2 Illustrative Example 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion and Future Directions References New Gold Mine: Harvesting IoT Data Through DeFi in a Secure Manner 1 Introduction 2 Overview of DTIDM 2.1 Participants of DTIDM and Security Assumptions 2.2 Design Goals 3 Detailed Design of DTIDM 3.1 Trusted IoT Data Provider Design 3.2 IoT Data Provider Enrollment 3.3 Data Trading Contract Construction 3.4 Secure Data Transfer and Verification 3.5 Data Ownership Management 3.6 Reducing IoT Device Interaction with Blockchain 3.7 Management and Maintenance of Underlying Blockchain 4 Analysis of DTIDM 5 Prototypes and Implementation 5.1 Prototype of Trusted IoT Data Provider 5.2 Number of Transactions for Data Trading 6 Related Works 7 Conclusion References Alternative Difficulty Adjustment Algorithms for Preventing Selfish Mining Attack 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Security of Bitcoin 2.2 Selfish Mining 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Zeno's Max 3.2 Zeno's Parametric 4 Evaluation and Results 4.1 Evaluation Metrics 4.2 Simulator 4.3 Findings 5 Conclusion and Future Work References From Bitcoin to Solana – Innovating Blockchain Towards Enterprise Applications 1 Introduction 1.1 Rise of Blockchain Technology 1.2 Issues Facing Enterprise Adoption of Blockchain Technology 2 Main Frameworks and Consensus Algorithms 2.1 General Description of Blockchain and Its Main Data Structure 2.2 Types of Blockchain Platforms 2.3 Why We Choose the Six Platforms? 3 Analysis of the Selected Main Frameworks 3.1 Bitcoin 3.2 Ethereum 3.3 EOS 3.4 Hyperledger Fabric 3.5 R3 Corda 3.6 Solana 4 Innovating Blockchain Technology for Enterprise Applications 4.1 Select “Best Proper” to Meet Current Business Needs 4.2 Some Key Issues to Be Further Investigated and Enhanced 4.3 Alternatives to Blockchain Technology 5 Conclusion References Application Tracks Recycling Hashes from Reversible Bitcoin Mining to Seed Pseudorandom Number Generators 1 Introduction 1.1 Bitcoin Mining 1.2 Reversible Computing 1.3 Generating Pseudorandom Numbers 1.4 Literature Review 1.5 Recycling Hashes from Reversible Bitcoin Mining to Seed Pseudorandom Number Generators 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Difficulty, Hash Rate, and Total Number of Hashes 3.2 Pseudorandom Number Sequence Test 4 Discussion 4.1 The Number of Hashes and the Speed of Internet Connections 4.2 Two-Coin Model 4.3 Further Research 5 Conclusion References Preserving Privacy in Private Blockchain Networks 1 Introduction 2 Privacy in Private Blockchain Networks 2.1 Private Data Collections in Hyperledger Fabric 2.2 Multiparty Computation 2.3 Attribute Based Encryption 3 Privacy Using Asymmetric Key Cryptography 3.1 Architecture 3.2 Workflow 3.3 Comparison with the State of the Art 3.4 Limitations of RSA Encryption/Decryption for Data Privacy 4 Conclusion References Short Paper Track CBProf: Customisable Blockchain-as-a-Service Performance Profiler in Cloud Environments 1 Introduction 2 Requirements and Related Works 2.1 Requirements and Challenges 2.2 Related Works 3 Customisable Blockchain-as-a-Service Performance Profiler 3.1 Architecture and Functional Components 3.2 How CBProf Works 4 Implementation and Demonstration 4.1 Implementation 4.2 Functionality Demonstrate 5 Conclusion References Author Index