Black writers in French : a literary history of negritude

I. The Beginnings : 1. Legitime Defense: A Manifesto ; 2. West Indian Literature In French: A Tracing Paper Poetry; 3. Surrealism And Criticism Of The West ; 4. Communism And The Black Man ; 5. Black Students In Paris And The Harlem Renaissance ; 6. Rene Maran And Batouala -- Ii. Negritude Is Born : 7. L'etudiant Noir: A Forum For The New Ideas ; 8. How The Ethnologists Helped ; 9. Negritude: Some Definitions, Sartre's Negativity -- Iii. The Negritude Poets : 10. The Poetry Of Negritude ; 11. Leon Damas: Pigments ; 12. Aime Cesaire: Cahier D'un Retour Au Pays Natal ; 13. Leopold Senghor: Chants D'ombre And Hosties Noires. Iv. The War Years : 14. Extraliterary Activity And Two Important Essays ; 15. Vichy Martinique And Tropiques ; 16. Cultural Sterility: Denial Of The Self ; 17. Weapons: Africa And The Race ; 18. Surrealist Poetry: Cesaire's Miraculous Weapon -- V. An End To Colonization : 19. In Paris: Founding Presence Africaine ; 20. The Nature And Influence Of Presence Africaine ; 21. Black French-language Writers In 1960: A Survey ; 22. A New Generation And The Negritude Label -- Vi. Conclusions : 23. A Contribution To The Larger Humanism. Lilyan Kesteloot ; Translated By Ellen Conroy Kennedy. Translation Of Les écrivains Noirs De Langue Française. Originally Presented As The Author's Thesis, Brussels, 1961. Includes Index. Bibliography: P. 367-389.