Black Cowboys in the American West : On the Range, on the Stage, Behind the Badge

Who were the black cowboys? They were drovers, foremen, fiddlers, cowpunchers, cattle rustlers, cooks, and singers. They worked as wranglers, riders, ropers, bulldoggers, and bronc busters. They came from varied backgrounds - some grew up in slavery, while free blacks often got their start in Texas and Mexico. Most who joined the long trail drives were men, but black women also rode and worked on western ranches and farms. The first overview of the subject in more than fifty years, Black Cowboys in the American West surveys the life and work of these cattle drivers from the years before the Civil War through the turn of the twentieth century. Including both classic, previously published articles and exciting new research, this collection also features select accounts of twentieth-century rodeos, music, people, and films. Arranged in three sections - ""Cowboys on the Range,"" ""Performing Cowboys,"" and ""Outriders of the Black Cowboys"" - the thirteen chapters illuminate the great diversity of the black cowboy experience. Like all ranch hands and riders, African American cowboys lived hard, dangerous lives. But black drovers were expected to do the roughest, most dangerous work - and to do it without complaint. They faced discrimination out west, albeit less than in the South, which many had left in search of autonomy and freedom. As cowboys, they could escape the brutal violence visited on African Americans in many southern communities and northern cities. Black cowhands remain an integral part of life in the West, the descendants of African Americans who ventured west and helped settle and establish black communities. This long-overdue examination of nineteenth- and twentieth-century black cowboys ensures that they, and their many stories and experiences, will continue to be known and told. This Book Surveys The Life And Work Of Black Cattle Drivers From The Years Before The Civil War Through The Turn Of The Twentieth Century. It Includes Previously Published Articles And New Research, This Collection Also Features Select Accounts Of Twentieth-century Rodeos, Music, People, And Films. Arranged In Three Sections—“cowboys On The Range,” “performing Cowboys,” And “outriders Of The Black Cowboys”—the Thirteen Chapters Illuminate The Great Diversity Of The Black Cowboy Experience.-- Introduction: Don't Leave Out The Cowboys! / Bruce A. Glasrud -- Cowboys On The Range -- Before Emancipation: Black Cowboys And The Livestock Industry / Deborah M. Liles -- Mathew Bones Hooks: A Pioneer Of Honor / Ana Carolina Castillo Crimm -- Havin' A Good Time: Women Cowhands And Johana July, A Black Seminole Vaquera -- Cecilia Gutierrez Venable -- Black Cowboy: Daniel Webster John Wallace / Douglas Hales -- Nat Love, A.k.a. Deadwood Dick: A Wild Ride / Michael N. Searles -- Performing Cowboys -- Shadow Riders Of The Subterranean Circuit: A Descriptive Account Of Black Rodeo In The Texas Gulf Coast Region / Demetrius W. Pearson -- Oklahoma's African American Rodeo Performers / Roger D. Hardaway -- The Bronze Buckaroo Rides Again: Herb Jeffries Is Still Keepin' On / Mary A. Dempsey -- Musical Traditions Of Twentieth-century African American Cowboys / Alan Govenar -- Outriders Of The Black Cowboys -- Mary Fields's Road To Freedom / Miantae Metcalf Mcconnell -- No Less A Man: Blacks In Cow Town Dodge City, 1876-1886 / C. Robert Haywood -- Charley Willis: A Singing Cowboy / Jim Chilcote -- Bass Reeves: A Legendary Lawman Of The Western Frontier / Art T. Burton -- Concluding Overview: In Search Of The Black Cowboy / Michael N. Searles. Edited By Bruce A. Glasrud And Michael N. Searles ; Foreword By Albert S. Broussard. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 227-234) And Index. Title 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 Foreword 8 Acknowledgments 12 Introduction“Don’t Leave Out the Cowboys!”BRUCE A . G LASRUD 16 PART ItCowboys on the Range 30 « 1 »Before EmancipationBlack Cowboys and the Livestock IndustryDEBORAH M . L I LES 32 2 Mathew “Bones” Hooks: A Pioneer of HonorAna Carolina Castillo Crimm 44 3 “Havin’ a Good Time”: Women Cowhands and Johana July, a BlackSeminole VaqueraCecilia Gutierrez Venable 72 4 Black Cowboy: Daniel Webster “80 John” WallaceDouglas Hales 88 5 Nat Love, a.k.a. Deadwood Dick: A Wild RideMichael N. Searles 98 PART I ItPerforming Cowboys 112 « 6 »Shadow Riders of the Subterranean CircuitA Descriptive Account of Black Rodeo in theTexas Gulf Coast RegionDEMETRI US W. PEARSON 114 7 Oklahoma’s African American Rodeo PerformersRoger D. Hardaway 128 8 The Bronze Buckaroo Rides Again: Herb Jeffries Is StillKeepin’ OnMary A. Dempsey 144 9 Musical Traditions of Twentieth-Century African AmericanCowboysAlan Govenar 148 PART I I ItOutriders of theBlack Cowboys 160 « 10 »Mary Fields’s Road to FreedomMIANTAE M ETCALF MCCONNELL 162 11 “No Less a Man”: Blacks in Cow Town Dodge City, 1876–1886C. Robert Haywood 182 12 Charley Willis: A Singing CowboyJim Chilcote 208 13 Bass Reeves: A Legendary Lawman of the Western FrontierArt T. Burton 216 Concluding Overview: In Search of the Black CowboyMichael N. Searles 224 Selected Bibliography 240 Index 248