Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 4-8. 1997, at Colorado Springs, Colorado (ABAB Symposium)

In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, based on the 19th Symposium, held in Colorado Springs, CO, May 4-8, 1997, leading researchers from academia, industry, and government present their new applications and cutting-edge research advances in the production of fuels and chemicals through biotechnology. The focus of the proceeding was on the utilization of renewable resources, particularly cellulosic biomass. Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals covers a wide range of technical topics. Among the high points are innovative pretreatment processes that can turn lignocellulosic materials into simple sugars, the development of exciting new biocatalysts and microbes, new reactor designs, and inventive conversion processes. Also discussed are a number of microbes and plants that have been genetically modified to perform novel bioconversions to produce enzymes and key chemical intermediates. The meeting clearly demonstrated that biotechnology and bioprocessing can make it possible to convert cellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals in a commercially attractive fashion. Front Matter....Pages i-xvi Feedstock Supply and Processing....Pages 1-2 Comparison of SO 2 and H 2 SO 4 Impregnation of Softwood Prior to Steam Pretreatment on Ethanol Production....Pages 3-15 Pretreatment of Softwood by Acid-Catalyzed Steam Explosion Followed by Alkali Extraction....Pages 17-24 Comparison of Yellow Poplar Pretreatment Between NREL Digester and Sunds Hydrolyzer....Pages 25-35 Shrinking-Bed Model for Percolation Process Applied to Dilute-Acid Pretreatment/Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass....Pages 37-49 Cost Estimates and Sensitivity Analyses for the Ammonia Fiber Explosion Process....Pages 51-66 Selective Polarity- and Adsorption-Guided Extraction/Purification of Annona sp. Polar Acetogenins and Biological Assay Against Agricultural Pests....Pages 67-76 Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Softwoods Scientific Note ....Pages 77-87 Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulose Hydrolysate for Xylitol Production by Candida guilliermondii....Pages 89-98 Continuous pH Monitoring During Pretreatment of Yellow Poplar Wood Sawdust by Pressure Cooking in Water....Pages 99-111 Applied Biological Research....Pages 113-114 Fuel Ethanol Production from Corn Fiber Current Status and Technical Prospects....Pages 115-125 Xylose Reductase Production oy Candida guilliermondii....Pages 127-135 Yeast Adaptation on Softwood Prehydrolysate....Pages 137-148 Production of Xylitol by Candida mogii from Rice Straw Hydrolysate....Pages 149-159 Improving Fermentation Performance of Recombinant Zymomonas in Acetic Acid-Containing Media....Pages 161-172 Conditions that Promote Production of Lactic Acid by Zymomonas mobilis in Batch and Continuous Culture....Pages 173-185 A Novel Fermentation Pathway in an Escherichia coli Mutant Producing Succinic Acid, Acetic Acid, and Ethanol....Pages 187-198 Cloned Bacillus subtilis Alkaline Protease (aprA) Gene Showing High Level of Keratinolytic Activity....Pages 199-205 Isolation, Identification, and Keratinolytic Activity of Several Feather-Degrading Bacterial Isolates....Pages 207-213 Acetamide Degradation by a Continuous-Fed Batch Culture of Bacillus sphaericus....Pages 215-223 Use of Hemicellulose Hydrolysate for β-Glucosidase Fermentation....Pages 225-235 Production of a Novel Pyranose 2-Oxidase by Basidiomycete Trametes multicolor....Pages 237-248 Broad Spectrum and Mode of Action of an Antibiotic Produced by Scytonema sp. TISTR 8208 in a Seaweed-Type Bioreactor....Pages 249-256 Comparative Study of Xylanase Kinetics Using Dinitrosalicylic, Arsenomolybdate, and Ion Chromatographie Assays....Pages 257-265 Production and Purification of CGTase of Alkalophylic Bacillus Isolated from Brazilian Soil....Pages 267-275 Submerged Culture Screening of Two Strains of Streptomyces sp. with High Keratinolytic Activity....Pages 277-284 Cofermentation of Glucose, Xylose, and Arabinose by Mixed Cultures of Two Genetically Engineered Zymomonas mobilis Strains....Pages 285-299 Improvement of Substrate Conversion to Molecular Hydrogen by Three-Stage Cultivation of a Photosynthetic Bacterium, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum....Pages 301-310 Effect of Drying on Bioremediation Bacteria Properties....Pages 311-322 Production of L-Lactic Acid by Rhizopus oryzae in a Bubble Column Fermenter....Pages 323-329 Factors that Affect the Biosynthesis of Xylitol by Xylose-Fermenting Yeasts A Review....Pages 331-339 Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoic Acia)-Synthesis Genes of Pseudomonas acidophila....Pages 341-352 Continuous Culture Studies of Xylose-Fermenting Zymomonas mobilis....Pages 353-367 Effect of Surfactants and Zeolites on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Steam-Exploded Poplar Biomass to Ethanol....Pages 369-381 Thermal Stability and Energy of Deactivation of Free and Immobilized Amyloglucosidase in the Saccharification or Liquefied Cassava Starch....Pages 383-394 Hydrolysis of Cellulose Using Ternary Mixtures of Purified Cellulases....Pages 395-403 The Production and Properties of a New Xylose Reductase from Fungus Neurospora crassa....Pages 405-414 Bioprocessing Research....Pages 415-415 An Integrated Bioconversion Process for Production of L-Lactic Acid from Starchy Potato Feedstocks....Pages 417-428 Production of Ethanol from Starch by Co-Immobilized Zymomonas mobilis-Glucoamylase in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor....Pages 429-439 Ethanol Production from AFEX-Treated Forages and Agricultural Residues....Pages 441-462 Adaptive Optimal Control of Fed-Batch Alcoholic Fermentation....Pages 463-478 Nonisothermal Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for Direct Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol....Pages 479-492 Comparison Between Experimental and Theoretical Values of Effectiveness Factor in Cephalosporin C Production Process with Immobilized Cells....Pages 493-504 Downstream Processing of Inulinase Comparison of Different Techniques....Pages 505-511 Improvement of Lactic Cell Production....Pages 513-526 In Situ Global Method for Measurement of Oxygen Demand and Mass Transfer....Pages 527-533 Improvement of Oxygen Transfer Coefficient During Penicillium canescens Culture....Pages 535-545 Batch Foam Recovery of Sporamin from Sweet Potato....Pages 547-558 Batch Foam Fractionation of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) Vine Retting Solution....Pages 559-567 Development of a Novel, Two-Step Process for Treating Municipal Biosolids for Beneficial Reuse....Pages 569-577 Phenomenological and Neural-Network Modeling of Cephalosporin C Production Bioprocess....Pages 579-592 Biosorption of Nickel Using Filamentous Fungi....Pages 593-601 Conversion of Food Industrial Wastes into Bioplastics....Pages 603-614 Improved Oxygen Delivery in a Continuous-Roller-Bottle Reactor....Pages 615-627 Xylanase Recovery....Pages 629-639 Extracellular Proteolytic Processing of Aspergillus awamori GAI into GAII is Supported by Physico-Chemical Evidence....Pages 641-650 Technical and Economic Evaluation of Different Reactors for Methanotrophic Cultures for Propylene Oxide Production....Pages 651-659 Xylanase Recovery by Ethanol and Na 2 SO 4 Precipitation....Pages 661-666 Production of Citronellyl Acetate in a Fed-Batch System Using Immobilized Lipase Scientific Note ....Pages 667-675 Production and Purification of Tartrate Dehydrogenase....Pages 677-686 Demonstration-Scale Evaluation of a Novel High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion Process for Converting Organic Wastes to Fuel Gas and Compost....Pages 687-695 Recycling of Process Streams in Ethanol Production from Softwoods Based on Enzymatic Hydrolysis....Pages 697-708 Biological-Chemical Treatment of Soils Contaminated with Exploration and Production Wastes....Pages 709-718 Recovery and Refining of Au by Gold-Cyanide Ion Biosorption Using Animal Fibrous Proteins....Pages 719-728 Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Growth and Methane Utilization by Several Methanotrophic Cultures....Pages 729-738 The Production of Hydrocarbons from Photoautotrophic Growth of Dunaliella salina 1650....Pages 739-746 Fouling and Protein Adsorption....Pages 747-763 Biocatalytic Removal of Nickel and Vanadium from Petroporphyrins and Asphaltenes....Pages 765-777 Expanded-Bed Adsorption Utilizing Ion-Exchange Resin to Purify Extracellular β-Galactosidase....Pages 779-787 β-Cyclodextrin Production by Simultaneous Fermentation and Cyclization....Pages 789-804 Session 4 Industrial Needs, Commercialization, and Process Economics....Pages 805-806 Use of Net Present Value Analysis to Evaluate a Publicly Funded Biomass-fo-Ethanol Research, Development, and Demonstration Program and Valuate Expected Private Sector Participation....Pages 807-819 Coordinating California’s Efforts to Promote Waste to Alcohol Production....Pages 821-841 Session 5 Specialty Chemicals with Emphasis on Environmentally Benign Products and Processes....Pages 843-844 Production of l-Malic Acid via Biocatalysis Employing Wild-Type and Respiratory-Deficient Yeasts....Pages 845-852 Fate of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Anaerobic Environment of River Sediment....Pages 853-862 Simultaneous Enzymatic Synthesis of Gluconic Acid and Sorbitol....Pages 863-868 Biotechnological Production of Xylitol from Agroindustrial Residues....Pages 869-875 Ethanol from Babassu Coconut Starch....Pages 877-886 Biotechnological Production of Acrylic Acid from Biomass....Pages 887-894 Bacillus stearothermophilus for Thermophilic Production of l-Lactic Acid....Pages 895-903 In Situ Mutagenesis and Chemotactic Selection of Microorganisms in a Diffusion Gradient Chamber....Pages 905-918 Bioconversion of Fumaric Acid to Succinic Acid by Recombinant E. coli ....Pages 919-928 Accumulation of Biodegradable Copolyesters of 3-Hydroxy-Butyrate and 3-Hydroxyvalerate in Alcaligenes eutrophus ....Pages 929-935 Session 6 Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry....Pages 937-938 Efficient Production of Mannan-Degrading Enzymes by the Basidiomycete Sclerotium rolfsii ....Pages 939-953 Production and Characterization of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Lignin Peroxidases for Pulp Bleaching....Pages 955-966 In Vitro Degradation of Insoluble Lignin in Aqueous Media by Lignin Peroxidase and Manganese Peroxidase....Pages 967-982 Pulp Bleaching Using Laccase from Trametes versicolor Under High Temperature and Alkaline Conditions....Pages 983-993 Microbial Oxidation of Mixtures of Methylmercaptan and Hydrogen Sulfide....Pages 995-1005 Back Matter....Pages 1007-1015 MARK FINKELSTEIN National Renewable Energy Laboratory BRIAN H. DAVISON Oak Ridge National Laboratory The proceedings of the 19th symposium on Biotechnologyfor Fuels and Chemicals, held in Colorado Springs, Colorado, May 4-8, 1997, had over 200 attendees. This meeting continues to provide a unique forum for the presentation of new applications and recent research advances in the production of fuels and chemicals through biotech­ nology. The utilization of renewable resources, and in particular cellulosic biomass, has broad implications in today's world of green­ house gases, global warming, ozone layers, climate change, energy sustainability, and carbon emissions. It also has relevance to the chemical industry's continuing need to both lower current chemi­ cal production costs and produce novel chemicals. Biotechnology and bioprocessing are now making it possible to convert this bio­ mass to fuels and chemicals in a commercially attractive fashion. The 19th Symposium captures a wide range of technical topics from an academic, industrial, or government perspective. A vari­ ety of biomass feedstocks are discussed in Session 1, along with several updated and innovative pretreatment processing approaches. The ability to turn lignocellulosic materials into simple sugars offers great opportunities to generate cost-effective feed­ stocks to be used in biotechnological processes for the production of fuels and chemicals. Through the advent of genetic engineering, the development of a series of exciting new biocatalysts and microbes were presented in Session 2.