Biopolymer-Based Composites: Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications (Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials)

__Biopolymer-Based Composites: Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications__ presents a comprehensive review on recent developments in biopolymer-based composites and their use in drug delivery and biomedical applications. The information contained in this book is critical for the more efficient use of composites, as detailed up-to-date information is a pre-requirement. The information provided brings cutting-edge developments to the attention of young investigators to encourage further advances in the field of bio-composite research. Currently, biopolymers are being investigated for the design of various drug delivery and biomedical devices due to their non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. Mostly, biopolymer-based solid orals, gels, hydrogel beads, and transdermal matrices have been designed in order to control drug/protein release in simulated bio-fluids. * Presents the most updated information in the field of pharmaceutical and biological sciences * Contains color figures and illustrations to help users understand key topics * Useful guide for young researchers working towards new innovations * Includes chapters covered by eminent scientists in the field 4.1.3 Barriers to transdermal drug delivery: lead from skin pathophysiology -- 4.1.4 Biopolymers for transdermal drug delivery: formulation prerequisites -- 4.1.5 Biopolymer-based composites versus synthetic polymers -- 4.2 Biopolymer-based nanocomposites used in transdermal drug delivery: technologies and applications -- 4.2.1 Lipidic biopolymer-based nanosystems -- 4.2.2 Nanofibers -- 4.2.3 Transdermal patches -- 4.2.4 Nanogel -- 4.2.5 Transdermal film -- 4.2.6 Microneedles -- 4.3 Biopolymer-based systems under clinical investigation -- 4.4 Updates on patents and regulatory aspects of TDD -- 4.5 Innovations and future prospects in TDD -- 4.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 - Composites of hydrogels and nanoparticles: a potential solution to current challenges in buccal drug delivery -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Potential of BDD systems in medicine and dentistry -- 5.2.1 Anatomy of the oral mucosa -- 5.2.2 Oral mucosal features involved in buccal drug delivery -- 5.2.3 BDD systems -- 5.3 Key factors in formulating BDD systems -- 5.3.1 Physiological factors -- 5.3.2 Pharmaceutical factors -- 5.3.3 Formulation form -- 5.4 Hydrogel-nanoparticle composites: an overview -- 5.4.1 Hydrogels for BDD -- 5.4.2 Nanoparticles for BDD -- 5.4.3 Composite hydrogels for BDD -- 5.5 Nanostructured fillers in hydrogel-NP composites -- 5.5.1 Polymeric hydrogel-NP composites -- 5.5.2 Lipid hydrogel-NP composites -- 5.6 Complementary formulation strategies for BDD -- 5.6.1 Permeation enhancers -- 5.7 Conclusions and future perspectives -- Funding sources -- References -- 6 - Biocomposites in ocular drug delivery -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Strategies for ocular drug delivery -- 6.2.1 Hybrid nanocomposites -- 6.2.2 In situ forming composite hydrogels -- 6.2.3 Nanoparticles -- 6.2.4 Composite films/inserts -- 6.2.5 Biopolymer solid lipid nanoparticles 6.3 Conclusion -- References -- 7 - Dendrimers: smart nanoengineered polymers for bioinspired applications in drug delivery -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 History -- 7.1.2 Dendrimers versus polymers -- 7.1.3 Synthesis -- 7.1.4 Properties -- 7.2 Types of dendrimers -- 7.2.1 PAMAM (Starburst) dendrimers -- 7.2.2 Poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers -- 7.2.3 Amino acid dendrimers -- 7.2.4 Triazine dendrimers -- 7.2.5 Phosphorous dendrimers -- 7.2.6 Carbosilane dendrimers -- 7.2.7 Peptide dendrimers -- 7.2.8 Polyglycerol dendrimers -- 7.2.9 Gallic acid-based dendrimers -- 7.2.10 Domino dendrimers -- 7.2.11 Miscellaneous dendrimers -- 7.3 Surface engineering of dendrimers -- 7.3.1 Biocompatibility -- 7.3.2 Conjugation chemistry -- 7.3.3 Surface engineered dendrimers -- 7.4 Dendrimers as scaffolds: guest-host relationship -- 7.4.1 Dendrimers as vesicles: physical encapsulation of drug -- 7.4.2 Dendrimers as template: chemical conjugation of drug -- 7.5 Characterization of dendrimers -- 7.6 Dendrimer hybrids with other nanocarriers -- 7.6.1 Carbon-based nanomaterials-dendrimers -- 7.6.2 Lipid-dendrimer hybrids -- 7.6.3 Quantum dots-dendrimers -- 7.6.4 Nanoparticles-dendrimers -- 7.6.5 Miscellaneous nanohybrids based on dendrimers -- 7.7 Biomedical applications of dendrimers -- 7.7.1 Combined delivery of drugs -- 7.7.2 Brain delivery -- 7.7.3 Ability to overcome drug resistance -- 7.7.4 Topical delivery system -- 7.7.5 Stimuli-responsive dendrimers -- 7.7.6 In cardiovascular disorders -- 7.7.7 Retinal delivery -- 7.8 Safety and toxicity issues -- 7.8.1 Alleviating toxicity of dendrimers -- 7.9 Conclusion and future considerations -- References -- 8 - Nanoparticles for tumor targeting -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Malignant tumors and barriers for drug delivery of nanoparticles -- 8.2.1 Tumors, tumor microenvironment, and potential targets for tumor treatment 8.2.2 The kinetic process and transport barriers in delivering therapeutics to their intended targets -- 8.3 Nanoparticles for tumor targeting -- 8.3.1 General principles of tumor-targeting nanoparticles -- 8.3.2 Current use of nanoparticles for tumor targeting -- 8.3.2.1 Liposomes -- 8.3.2.2 Polymer nanoparticles -- 8.3.2.3 Polymer micelles -- 8.3.2.4 Polymersomes -- 8.3.2.5 Solid lipid nanoparticles -- 8.3.2.6 Dendrimer nanoparticles -- 8.3.2.7 Inorganic nanoparticles -- 8.3.2.8 Hybrid nanoparticles -- 8.3.2.9 Biomimetic nanoparticles -- 8.3.2.10 Other nanoparticles -- 8.3.3 Strategies to optimize nanoparticles for tumor targeting -- 8.3.3.1 Optimization of nanoparticle properties to improve passive tumor targeting -- 8.3.3.2 Active targeting nanoparticles -- 8.3.3.3 Smart nanoparticles for tumor targeting -- 8.3.3.4 Priming the tumor microenvironment to optimize nanoparticle targeting to tumors -- 8.4 Future perspectives and conclusion -- 8.4.1 Improve understanding of the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles -- 8.4.2 Use of better experimental models -- 8.4.3 Challenges and opportunities of translating tumor-targeting nanoparticles -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 - Bioinspired nanotheranostics for cancer management -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Theranostics and nanomedicine -- 9.2.1 Basic components for manufacturing theranostic nanoagents -- 9.3 Biopolymers as nanotheranostic agents -- 9.3.1 Chitosan -- 9.3.2 Hyaluronic acid -- 9.3.3 Peptide/protein-based nanotheranostics -- 9.4 Lipid-based nanotheranostic agents -- 9.4.1 Liposomes -- 9.4.2 Micelles as theranostic agent -- 9.4.3 Polymersomes -- 9.5 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- Further reading -- 10 - Biopolymers for gene delivery applications -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Protein-based nanoparticles -- 10.2.1 Collagen nanoparticle -- 10.2.2 Gelatin nanoparticle 10.2.3 Albumin -- 10.2.4 Casein -- 10.2.5 Recombinant protein-based polymers -- 10.3 Polysaccharide nanoparticles -- 10.3.1 Chitosan -- 10.3.1.1 Chitosan derivatives -- 10.3.2 Cyclodextrin -- 10.3.3 Alginate -- 10.3.4 Hyaluronic acid -- 10.4 Biopolymeric smart materials -- 10.4.1 Internal stimuli responsive -- 10.4.1.1 Thermoresponsive -- 10.4.1.2 pH responsive -- 10.4.1.3 Redox responsive/glutathione responsive -- 10.4.1.4 Biological responsive -- 10.4.2 External stimulus -- 10.5 Conclusion -- 10.6 Future challenges -- References -- 11 - Biomedical and drug delivery applications of functionalized inorganic nanomaterials -- 11.1 Background -- 11.1.1 Nanotechnology and nanomedicine -- 11.1.2 History of gold, silver and silica materials -- 11.2 Biomedical applications of functionalized inorganic nanoparticles -- 11.2.1 Anti-cancer activity -- 11.2.2 Pro-angiogenic property -- 11.2.3 Anti-angiogenic therapy -- 11.2.4 Anti-microbial activity -- 11.2.5 Bio-imaging -- 11.2.6 Tissue engineering -- 11.2.7 Wound healing -- 11.2.8 Bio-sensors -- 11.2.9 Anti-diabetic property -- 11.2.10 Anti-inflammatory activity -- 11.2.11 Medicinal applications of bio-synthesized nanoparticles -- 11.3 Functionalized inorganic nanomaterials as delivery vehicles -- 11.3.1 Drug delivery -- 11.3.2 Nucleic acid delivery -- 11.3.3 Antigen/protein delivery -- 11.4 Pharmacokinetics of functionalized inorganic nanoparticles -- 11.4.1 Absorption and bio-distribution -- 11.4.1.1 Gold nanoparticles -- 11.4.1.2 Silver nanoparticles -- 11.4.1.3 Silica nanoparticles -- 11.4.2 Bio-degradation and clearance -- 11.4.2.1 Gold nanoparticles -- 11.4.2.2 Silver nanoparticles -- 11.4.2.3 Silica nanoparticles -- 11.5 Status of inorganic nanomaterials in clinical study -- 11.6 Conclusions and future prospects -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- References Front Cover -- Biopolymer-Based Composites -- Related titles -- Biopolymer-Based Composites: Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Editors' biographies -- 1 - Biocomposites in therapeutic application: current status and future -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Composites and their therapeutic application -- 1.2.1 Stimuli-responsive composites -- 1.2.2 Mucoadhesive composites -- 1.2.3 Hydrogel and inorganic composites -- 1.2.4 Theranostic composites -- 1.3 Conclusion -- References -- 2 - Redox-responsive hydrogels -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Preparation of redox-responsive poly(amido amine)s -- 2.2.1 Synthesis of PEGylated hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s -- 2.2.2 Synthesis of thermoresponsive hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s -- 2.3 Redox-responsive hydrogels -- 2.3.1 Redox-responsive poly(amido amine) hydrogels -- 2.3.2 Other redox-responsive hydrogels -- 2.4 Redox-responsive nanogels/microgels -- 2.4.1 Redox-responsive poly(amido amine) nanogels/microgels from emulsion with surfactants -- 2.4.2 Redox-responsive poly(amido amine) nanogels/microgels from emulsion without surfactants -- 2.4.3 Redox-responsive nanogels/microgels from thermoresponsive poly(amido amine)s -- 2.4.4 Other redox-responsive nanogels/microgels -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 - Stimuli-responsive guar gum composites for colon-specific drug delivery -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Drug delivery applications of guar gum composites -- 3.2.1 pH-responsive composites -- 3.2.2 Thermoresponsive guar gum composites -- 3.2.3 Cross-linked guar gum composites -- 3.2.4 Graft polymerization -- 3.3 Conclusion -- References -- 4 - Biopolymer-based nanocomposites for transdermal drug delivery -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Metered dose transdermal spray -- 4.1.2 Historical perspectives

Biopolymer-Based Composites: Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications presents a comprehensive review on recent developments in biopolymer-based composites and their use in drug delivery and biomedical applications. The information contained in this book is critical for the more efficient use of composites, as detailed up-to-date information is a pre-requirement. The information provided brings cutting-edge developments to the attention of young investigators to encourage further advances in the field of bio-composite research.

Currently, biopolymers are being investigated for the design of various drug delivery and biomedical devices due to their non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. Mostly, biopolymer-based solid orals, gels, hydrogel beads, and transdermal matrices have been designed in order to control drug/protein release in simulated bio-fluids.

• Presents the most updated information in the field of pharmaceutical and biological sciences
• Contains color figures and illustrations to help users understand key topics
• Useful guide for young researchers working towards new innovations
• Includes chapters covered by eminent scientists in the field