Biophysical Techniques in Photosynthesis: Volume II (Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 26)

since The First Volume On Biophysical Techniques In Photosynthesis Research, Published In 1996, New Experimental Techniques And Methods Have Been Devised At A Rapid Pace. The Present Book Is A Sequel Which Complements The First Volume (volume 3 In The Series) By Providing A Comprehensive Overview Of The Most Important New Techniques Developed Over The Past Ten Years, Especially Those That Are Relevant For Research On The Mechanism And Fundamental Aspects Of Photosynthesis. The Contributions Are Written By Leading Scientists In Their Field. The Book Has 5 Sections: Imaging; Structure; Optical And Laser Spectroscopy; Magnetic Resonance; Theory. Each Chapter Describes The Basic Concepts Of The Technique, Practical Applications And Scientific Results. Possibilities And Limitations From A Technical As Well As A Scientific Point Of View Are Addressed, Allowing The Reader Not Only To Recognize The Potential Of A Particular Method For His/her Own Quest, But Also To Assess The Resources That Are Required For Implementation. The Book Is Intended For Use By Graduate Students And Researchers In Photosynthesis As Well As In (bio)physics, (bio)chemistry And Biology In General. Dedicated To The Memory Of One Of The Early Pioneers In This Field Of Research, Professor Gerald T. Babcock, The 34 Inclusive Chapters Of The Present Volume Cover All Major Aspects Of The Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biophysics And Physiology Of Photosystem Ii. The Chapters Were Variously Authored By A Total Of 75 Scientific Experts From Leading Research Centers In Europe, North America, Asia And Australia, Making The Book A Truly International Effort. The Book Is Divided Into Several Parts Which Detail The Protein Constituents, Functional Sites, Tertiary Structure, Molecular Dynamics And Mechanisms Of Subunit Assembly And Homeostasis. The Book Ends With A Comparison Of Photosystem Ii Structure And Function With Other Related Enzymes And Bio-mimetic Systems. Since The Unique Water-splitting Chemistry Catalyzed By Photosystem Ii Leads To The Production Of Pure Oxygen Gas And The Potential For Making Hydrogen Gas, A Primary Goal Of This Book Is To Provide A Molecular Guide To Future Protein Engineers And Bio-mimetic Chemists In The Development Of Appropriate Biocatalysts For The Generation Of Clean, Renewable Energy From Sunlight And Water. Dedication/perspective: A Tribute To Jerry Babcock -- To Photosystem Ii -- Distal And Extrinsic Photosystem Ii Antennas -- The Cp47 And Cp43 Core Antenna Components -- The D1 And D2 Core Proteins -- The Extrinsic Proteins Of Photosystem Ii -- The Low Molecular Weight Proteins Of Photosystem Ii -- Primary Electron Transfer -- The Iron-quinone Acceptor Complex -- The Redox-active Tyrosines Yz And Yd -- The Catalytic Manganese Cluster: Organization Of The Metal Ions -- The Catalytic Manganese Cluster: Protein Ligation -- The Catalytic Manganese Cluster: Implications From Spectroscopy -- The Calcium And Chloride Cofactors -- Bicarbonate Interactions -- Side-path Electron Donors: Cytochrome B559, Chlorophyll Z And?-carotene -- Molecular Analysis By Vibrational Spectroscopy -- Configuration Of Electron Transfer Components Studied By Epr Spectroscopy -- Structural Analysis Of The Photosystem Ii Core/antenna Holocomplex By Electron Microscopy --^ Photosystem Ii: Structural Elements, The First 3d Crystal Structure And Functional Implications -- 3d Crystal Structure Of The Photosystem Ii Core -- Refined X-ray Structure Of Photosystem Ii And Its Implications -- Energy Trapping And Equilibration: A Balance Of Regulation And Efficiency -- The Role Of Carotenoids In Energy Quenching -- Flash-induced Oxygen Evolution And Other Oscillatory Processes -- Mechanism Of Photosynthetic Oxygen Production -- Photo-assembly Of The Catalytic Manganese Cluster -- Photoinactivation And Mechanisms Of Recovery -- Transcriptional And Translational Regulation Of Photosystem Ii Gene Expression -- Protein Transport And Post-translational Processing In Photosystem Ii Biosynthesis And Homeostasis -- The Origin And Evolution Of Photosynthetic Oxygen Production -- Mechanistic Comparisons Between Photosystem Ii And Cytochrome C Oxidase -- Mimicking The Properties Of Photosystem Ii In Bacterial Reaction Centers --^ De Novo Protein Design In Respiration And Photosynthesis -- Understanding Photosystem Ii Function By Artificial Photosynthesis. Edited By Thomas J. Wydrzynski And Kimiyuki Satoh ; Assistant Editor, Joel A. Freeman. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Mode Of Access: World Wide Web. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxi The Supramolecular Architecture of the Bacterial Photosynthetic Apparatus Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)....Pages 1-11 Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy. A Gateway to Photosynthetic Structure....Pages 13-34 Non-Linear Contrast Mechanisms for Optical Microscopy....Pages 35-54 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Plants: Water Balance and Water Transport in Relation to Photosynthetic Activity....Pages 55-75 Crystallization Methods of Membrane Proteins: Practical Aspects of Crystallizing Plant Light-Harvesting Complexes....Pages 77-96 X-ray Crystallography of Photosynthetic Proteins....Pages 97-124 Electron Crystallography in Photosynthesis Research....Pages 125-150 X-ray Scattering for Bio-Molecule Structure Characterization....Pages 151-165 Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods for Studying Kinetics and Dynamics in Biological Systems....Pages 167-190 Femtosecond Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy....Pages 191-200 Nonlinear Femtosecond Optical Spectroscopy Techniques in Photosynthesis....Pages 201-222 (Sub)-Picosecond Spectral Evolution of Fluorescence Studied with a Synchroscan Streak-Camera System and Target Analysis....Pages 223-240 Optical Spectroscopy of Individual Light-Harvesting Complexes....Pages 241-266 High-Field/High-Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Involving Single- and Multiple-Transition Schemes....Pages 267-304 High-Time Resolution Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of Quantum Beat Oscillations Observed in Photosynthetic Reaction Center Proteins....Pages 305-323 Distance Measurements in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers by Pulsed EPR....Pages 325-343 Spin Labeling of Photosynthetic Systems....Pages 345-359 Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR for Structure Determination in Photosynthesis....Pages 361-383 Photochemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (Photo-CIDNP) Magic-Angle Spinning NMR....Pages 385-399 Calculations of Electrostatic Energies in Proteins Using Microscopic, Semimicroscopic and Macroscopic Models and Free-Energy Perturbation Approaches....Pages 401-420 Theory of Excitation Energy Transfer and Optical Spectra of Photosynthetic Systems....Pages 421-443 Molecular Dynamics Methods for Bioelectronic Systems in Photosynthesis....Pages 445-464 Equilibrium and Dynamical Path Integral Methods in Bacterial Photosynthesis....Pages 465-485 Density Functional Theory and Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics Methods....Pages 487-499 Back Matter....Pages 501-519

"Life Is Bottled Sunshine" [Wynwood Reade, Martyrdom of Man, 1924]. This inspired phrase is a four-word summary of the significance of photosynthesis for life on earth. The study of photosynthesis has attracted the attention of a legion of biologists, biochemists, chemists and physicists for over 200 years. Discoveries in Photosynthesis presents a sweeping overview of the history of photosynthesis investigations, and detailed accounts of research progress in all aspects of the most complex bioenergetic process in living organisms. Conceived of as a way of summarizing the history of research advances in photosynthesis as of millennium 2000, the book evolved into a majestic and encyclopedic saga involving all of the basic sciences. The book contains 111 papers, authored by 132 scientists from 19 countries. It includes overviews; timelines; tributes; minireviews on excitation energy transfer, reaction centers, oxygen evolution, light-harvesting and pigment-protein complexes, electron transport and ATP synthesis, techniques and applications, biogenesis and membrane architecture, reductive and assimilatory processes, transport, regulation and adaptation, Genetics, and Evolution; laboratories and national perspectives; and retrospectives that end in a list of photosynthesis symposia, books and conferences. Informal and formal photographs of scientists make it a wonderful book to have. This book is meant not only for the researchers and graduate students, but also for advanced undergraduates in Plant Biology, Microbiology, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Biophysics and History of Science.

"Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis highlights chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence as a convenient, non-invasive, highly sensitive, rapid and quantitative probe of oxygenic photosynthesis. Thirty-one chapters, authored by 58 international experts, provide a solid foundation of the basic theory, as well as of the application of the rich information contained in the Chl a fluorescence signal as it relates to photosynthesis and plant productivity. Although the primary photochemical reactions of photosynthesis are highly efficient, a small fraction of absorbed photons escapes as Chl fluorescence, and this fraction varies with metabolic state, providing a basis for monitoring quantitatively various processes of photosynthesis. The book explains the mechanisms with which plants defend themselves against environmental stresses (excessive light, extreme temperatures, drought, hyper-osmolarity, heavy metals and UV). It also includes discussion on fluorescence imaging of leaves and cells and the remote sensing of Chl fluorescence from terrestrial, airborne, and satellite bases. The book is intended for use by graduate students, beginning researchers and advanced undergraduates in the areas of integrative plant biology, cellular and molecular biology, plant biology, biochemistry, biophysics, plant physiology, global ecology and agriculture."--Jacket Since the first volume on Biophysical Techniques in Photosynthesis Research, published in 1996, new experimental techniques and methods have been devised at a rapid pace. The present book is a sequel which complements the first volume by providing a comprehensive overview of the most important new techniques developed over the past ten years, especially those that are relevant for research on the mechanism and fundamental aspects of photosynthesis. The contributions are written by leading scientists in their field. The book is divided into 5 sections on Imaging, Structure, Optical and laser spectroscopy, Magnetic resonance and on Theory, respectively. Each chapter describes the basic concepts of the technique, practical applications and some of the scientific results. Possibilities and limitations from a technical as well as a scientific point of view are addressed, allowing the reader not only to recognize the potential of a particular method for his/her own quest, but to assess the resources that are required for implementation.